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Objective
1. Obtain the resultant of a number of forces acting on a body.
2. Obtain the resultant of the same forces by drawing a vector diagram to scale to find its magnitude and
direction.
3. Determine of the resultant using the analytical method, including the law of cosine for the magnitude and the
law of sine to find its direction in one instance. The components method will also be used.
MATERIALS
1. Force table
5. Strings for suspending the masses
2. Weight holders (#4).
6. A ring
3. Pulleys (#4).
7. A metal pin
4. Slotted weights
8. A protractor
9. Sheets of plain paper and graph paper.
Review Questions and Exercises
1) What is the basic difference between scalars and vectors?
2) Is temperature is a vector quantity? What do plus and minus temperature
signify? Explain.
3) A vector A has a magnitude of 60 m and directed as shown.
Find the x and y components of this vector.
y
x
30
A
4) What are, briefly, the steps to find the resultant of vectors?
5) What is the difference between a resultant & equilibrant vector & what do they physically mean?
-1-
Experiment 2
y
A
y A
A x
x
y
THEORY
A vector is a physical quantity that has both magnitude and direction.
Examples include force, weight, displacement, velocity and acceleration.
On the other hand, a scalar is a physical quantity that has magnitude only,
examples speed, mass, distance, temperature, population. A vector may be
represented by a letter example with a bar on top indicating the direction,
or by a bold letter, example A .
A vector A can be written as a sum of two vectors Ax and Ay along the x
and the y-axis respectively, as shown. Ax and Ay are called the components
of vector A and are given by:
Ax = A cos
Ay = A sin ( 900) is the angle vector A makes with the x-axis.
Ry
R
x
-2-
Experiment 2
2) Suspend a mass of 100 g at 300 and a mass of 200 g at 1200. Find the resultant of these two forces by the
method of components. Check your result by mounting a pulley directly opposite to the resultant and of
same magnitude; the ring should be centered.
3) Keep the same masses above listed and suspend a third mass of 150 g at 2300.
Do the same thing as in procedure 2.
-3-
Experiment 2
Report form
Name______________
Date __________
Calculations:
1)
For procedure 1, show your calculation for the components of the vector.
2)
For procedure 2, find, graphically, the magnitude and the direction of the resultant vector.
Use the laws of sine and cosine. Show your graph to scale on a separate sheet, if needed. .
3)
For procedure 2, find, analytically, the magnitude and the direction of the resultant vector.
Use the method of components.
4)
For procedure 3, find, analytically, the magnitude and the direction of the resultant vector.
Use the method of components.