Qout

Wt

1 A Carnot vapor refrigeration cycle uses Refrigerant 134a as the working fluid.
The refrigerant enters the condenser as saturated vapor at 28C and leaves as
2
Qin
WC
saturated liquid. The evaporator operates
at a temperature of -10C. Determine,
in kJ per kg of refrigerant flow,
3
a the work input to the compressor.
b the work developed by the turbine.
4c the heat transfer to the refrigerant passing through the evaporator.
d COP of the cycle.
1

Condenser

SCHEMATIC & GIVEN DATA:

T
T

C
3

28
C

2
28C=30
Evaporator
1K

R134a

10C=29

10

S
Properties:
o

T 2 =T 3=28o C

h2=hg @28 C=414.052

T 1 =T 4 10o C
x 1=0.9795
h1=388.07

kj
kg

s 2=s1=s g @28 C=1.7159

kJ
kgK

kJ
kJ
; s fg @10o C=0.7812
kgK
kgK
kJ
kJ
o
o
h f @10 C=186.72 ; hfg @10 C=205.56
kg
kg

s 1=s f + x s fg

h1=hf + x hfg

kJ
kg

s f @10o C=0.9507

h3=hf @28 o C=238.91

kJ
kJ
; s 3=s4 s f @ 28o C=1.13426
kg
kgK

x 4=0.235

h4 =h f + x h fg

h4 =235.0208

kJ Solution:
kg

a For the compressor

w C =414.052388.07

w C =25.982

kJ
kg

w t=238.91235.0208

w t=3.8892

kJ
kg

w C =h2h1
b For the turbine
w t=h3h 4
c

For the evaporator

q =h 1h4

q =388.07235.0208

d COP of the cycle

q
153.0492
COP=
=
w C wt 25.9823.8892

q =153.0492

COP=6.928

kJ
kg

Qout

Wt

2 Refrigerant 22 is the working fluid in a Carnot vapor refrigeration cycle for which
the evaporator temperature is 0C. Saturated vapor enters the condenser at
2
Qin
40C, and saturated liquid exits at theWC
same temperature. The mass flow rate of
refrigerant is 3kg/min. Determine
3
a the rate of heat transfer to the refrigerant passing through the evaporator in
kW.
4
b the new power input to the cycle, in kW.
c the coefficient of performance.
Condenser

SCHEMATIC & GIVEN DATA:

T

C
3

2
Evaporator

40C

R4

0C

S
Properties:
kJ
kgK
kJ
kJ
s 1=s f + x s fg s f @ 0o C=0.1751
; s @ 0o C=0.7518
T 1 =T 4 0 o C
kgK fg
kgK
kJ
kJ
kJ
x 1=0.9304 h1=hf + x hfg h f @ 0o C=44.59 ; hfg @0 o C=205.36
h1=235.37
kg
kg
kg
kJ
kJ
h3=hf @ 40o C=94.27 ; s 3=s4 s f @ 40 o C=0.3417
kg
kgK
T 2 =T 3=40o C

h2=hg @ 40 C=261.15

kJ
kg

s 2=s1=s g @40 C=0.8746

x 4=0.2216

h4 =h f + x h fg

h4 =90.098

kJ
kg

a For the evaporator

h
m( 1h 4 )
Q=

( 3minkg )( 601 minsec )(235.3790.098)

Q =

Q =7.2636 kW

b The net power input is

W cycle =W C W t W cycle =m [ ( h2h1 ) ( h3 h4 ) ]

( 3minkg )( 601 minsec ) [ ( 261.15235.37) ( 94.2790.098) ]

W cycle =
c

The COP of the system

Q
7.2636
COP=
=
COP=6.723
W cycle 1.0804

W cycle =1.0804 kW

Qout

Expansion
Valve

3 An ideal vapor-compression refrigeration cycle operates at steady state with R134a as the working fluid. Saturated vapor enters the compressor at -10C, and
Qin
saturated liquid leaves the condenser at 28C. The mass flow rate
of refrigerant
is 5 kg/min. Determine
a The compressor power, in KW.
b The refrigerating capacity, in tons.
c The coefficient of performance.
SCHEMATIC & GIVEN DATA:

T3=28
C

P
3

2
1
h

4
Properties:
State 1

T 1 =10 ; h1 =hg @10 =392.28

P2=Psat @28 =729.12 kPa

kJ
kg

s 1=s2=s g @10 =1.7319

h2=418.928

kJ
State 2
kgK

kJ
kg

State 3
T 3 =28 ; h3=h 4=hf @28 =238.91

kJ
kg

a The compressor power is

5 kg 1 min
W c =m ( h2 h1 ) W c =
( 418.928392.28 )
min 60 sec

( )(

W c =2.221 kW

b The refrigerating capacity is

Q =m ( h 1h4 )

( 5minkg )( 2111tonkJ ) ( 392.28238.91)

Q =

min

The coefficient of performance is

h h
392.28238.91
COP= 1 4 =
h2h1 418.928392.28

COP=5.755

Q =3.364 tons

9 bar
T3=32C

4 Refrigerant 22 enters the compressor of an ideal vapor-compression refrigeration

system as saturated vapor at -40C with a volumetric flow rate of 15 m 3/min. The
refrigerant leaves the condenser at 32C, 9 bar. Determine
a) The compressor power, in kW.
b) The refrigerating capacity, in tons.
c) The coefficient of performance.
Expansion
Valve

SCHEMATIC & GIVEN DATA:

P
2

9 bar

-40C

32C

4
Properties:
State 1

T 1 =40 ; h1=h g @40 =233.20

v 1=v g @40=0.20575

kJ
kg

s 1=s2=s g @40 =1.0002

m3 State 2
kg

P2=Psat @32 =1257.06 kPa

h2=297.344

State 3 & 4
T 3 =32 ; h 3=h 4=h f @32 =83.83
a) The mass flow rate is

kJ
kg

kJ
kg

kJ
kgK

m
3
V1
min
1 min
m
m= =
=1.215
v1
sec
m3 60 sec
0. 20575
kg
15

W c =1.215 ( 297.344233.20 )
b) The refrigerating capacity is
1.215 kg
Q =
Q =m ( h 1h4 )
sec

W c =m ( h2 h1 )

W c =77.939 kW

1ton
( 233.2083.83 )
)( 3.517
kJ
)
sec

c) The coefficient of performance is

Q 181.485
COP= =
COP=2.329
W c 77.939

Q =51.602tons

7 bar
T3=24C
1.4 bar

m=6 kg/min

Let To=21C, Po=1 bar.

SCHEMATIC & GIVEN DATA:

T
2

2s

24C

7 bar
1

1.4 bar

T1=-10C

5 A vapor-compression refrigeration system circulates R-134a at a rate of 6 kg/min.

The refrigerant enters the compressor at -10C, 1.4 bar, and exits at 7 bar. The
isentropic compressor efficiency is 67%. There are no appreciable pressure
drops as the refrigerant flows through the condenser and evaporator. The
refrigerant leaves the condenser at 7 bar, 24C. Ignoring the heat transfer
between the compressor and its surroundings, determine
a) The coefficient of performance
b) The refrigerating capacity, in tons
c) The rates of exergy destruction in the compressor and expansion valve, each
in kW
d) The changes in specific flow exergy of the refrigerant passing through the
evaporator and condenser, respectively, each in kJ/kg.

-10C

Properties:
State 1
T 1 =10 C ; P1=140 kPa ; h1=394.126
*For isentropic compression
P2=700 kPa ; h2 s=430.036

kJ
kg

*Using the compressor efficiency,

kJ
kJ
; s 1=s2 s =1.76804
State 2
kg
kgK

sion
e

c=0.67

h2 sh1
h2h1

0.65=

430.036394.126
h2394.126

h2=449.372

kJ
kJ
; s2=1.830
kg
kgK

State 3
P3=700 kPa ; T 3 =24 C ; h3 h f @24 C=233.17

kJ
=h
kg 4

s 3 s f @ 24 C=1.11534

kJ
kgK

State 4
h4 =h f + x h fg

x 4=0.2746

s 4 =1.13447

kJ
kgK

a) The coefficient of performance is

h h
394.126233.17
COP= 1 4 =
h2h1 449.372394.126

COP=2.913

b) The refrigerating capacity is

6 kg
Q =
Q =m ( h 1h4 )
min

( )( 2111tonkJ ) ( 394.126233.17 )

Q =4.577 tons

min

c) Exergy destruction rate

*For the compressor
Ecomp =T o comp=T o m ( s 2s 1 )
Ecomp =

Ecomp =294 K

( 1.8301.76804 )
( 6minkg )( 601 min
sec )