THE

AMERICAN

NUMISMATIC

MUSEUM

SOCIETY

NOTES
XII

THE

AMERICAN

NUMISMATIC

SOCIETY

NEW YORK
1966

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CONTENTS
ANCIENT
i

Margaret Thompson. Some NoteworthyGreek Accessions

Dorothy H. Cox. Gordion Hoards III, IV, V and VII

19

Margaret Thompson. A Hoard fromNorthernGreece

57

J. Peter Stein. Trinummus

65

Mando Caramessini-Oeconomides. On a Hoard of Plated Roman Coins

71
Mando Caramessini-Oeconomides. An Unpublished Consular
Solidus of Justinian I
75
Joan M. Fagerlie. 'Roma Invicta' A New Follis of Justinian 79
Alfred R. Bellinger.

Byzantine Notes

83

MEDIAEVALAND MODERN
Margaret Thompson. The Monogram of Charlemagnein Greek 125
George C. Miles. The Ferreira Collection of Visigothic Coins 129
Paul Bedoukian. Coins of the Baronial Period of Cilician
Armenia (1080-1198)
139
Henry Grunthal. Selected Items fromthe Donald J. Rogasner
Collection of Early Dated European Coins
147
ORIENTAL
Raymond J. Hebert.
Khursn

Notes on an Umayyad Hoard from

157
George C. Miles. A Hoard of Kakwayhid Dirhems
165
Harry W. Hazard. Late Medieval North Africa: Additions
and SupplementaryNotes
195
David M. Lang. Coins of Georgia in Transcaucasia (Acquired by
the American Numismatic Society : 1953-1965)
223
iii

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SOME

GREEK

NOTEWORTHY

ACCESSIONS

Margaret Thompson
(Plates I- II)
Over the past few years the American Numismatic Society has
been fortunatein acquiring a number of unique coins. Some presented problems of attribution and interpretation,and these were
put aside in the belief that time and furtherresearch would furnish
the answers. This, alas, has not happened in all cases. Many of the
enigmas are still enigmatic and likely to remain so unless illumination comes from outside. In the hope that others will be able to
provide solutions, the unpublished pieces are now placed on record,
in company with some additional accessions of recent date which
are remarkable forrarityor artistic merit.
Lydia
Late 7th Centuryb.c.
i. Obv.: ]1A>I[ between the heads of two lions facingeach other.
Rev. : Two rough incuse squares of differentsizes, side by side.
EL Hecte. 2.35 gm.
This early electrum coin, found on the site of ancient Colophon,
is a document of unusual numismatic and historical importance. In
general appearance it closely resembles the trites and hectes of the
well-knownAlyattes series, which have the same obverse type of
confrontedlions' heads to left and right of an inscriptionand the
same reversepatternproduced by two punches of unequal size. There
are, however, significantdifferencesbetween the two issues. On the
new coin, as compared with a hecte of Alyattes (Plate I, A),1 the
lion's head is considerablylarger in scale, the jaws are furtherapart
and the teeth more prominent, the sharply-outlinedeye is more
elongate, and the cheek is marked with a big globular pellet. This is
a fiercerand cruder beast than the lion of Alyattes.
Both inscriptionsare retrogradebut on the ANS coin the reading
is frombottom to top in relation to the head at the left while on all
1 BMCLydia,p. 3, 16.
I

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A.N. S. MUSEUM NOTES

known specimens of Alyattes the reading is fromtop to bottom in

relation to the head at the right. Most importantof all, the inscriptions themselves are different.Instead of the six letters which are
generally taken to be the name of Alyattes- ISIIAI - the ANS
hecte has 1A>Ibetween two doubtfulletters,the firstconsistingof a
vertical stroke and perhaps a diagonal to the right (Y) and the last
of a vertical stroke and perhaps a diagonal to the left (si). The uncertaintyabout the beginningand ending of the word is unfortunate,
but the remainingletters are sufficientevidence that the new coin is
inscribedwith a new legend.2
From the obverses alone it would be difficultto determinewhether
or not the two issues come fromthe same mint. The differencesin
style and inscriptionmightplausibly be explained in termsof different provenances, the one series copied from the other. Since the
digamma and the peculiar lambda at the end of the Alyattes legend
are found in the Lydian alphabet but not in the Ionic, there can be
no question about the originof the valvelissues, but the threecertain
lettersof the new inscriptionare common to both dialects and point
no more conclusivelyto one region than to the other. It has, in fact,
been suggested that the new piece was struck at Ephesus or some
other coastal city by a local dynast related to the royal Lydian
house and thus entitled to use its types. The reverses of the two
series provide proofthat this was not so. In the case of the ANS and
British Museum hectes (Plate I, i and A), the smaller of the two
reverse impressionswas made by the same punch, which was beginning to break down by the time it was applied to the Alyattes coin.
Our new hecte is Lydian and it pre-dates the hecte of Alyattes.
Beyond this point one passes fromthe realm of fact into that of
speculation. The confused pages of Lydian historyreveal no king or
potentate whose name can readily be identifiedwith our inscription.3
2In theattempttointerpret
thelegend,I haveconsultedG. L. Huxley,Roberto
and MaryWhite.Althoughno one ofthemhas been
Gusmani,Lilian Jeffery
forthetimeand thoughtthey
able to solvetheproblem,I am mostgrateful
gave it.
3Anyoneconcerned
oftheroyalLydianhouseshouldconsult
withthegenealogy
L. Alexander,
"The KingsofLydia" (DoctoralDissertation,
Princeton,
1913)
recorded
and analyzed.Alexander's
wherethesourcesarecarefully
interpretationsandidentifications
providethebasisforthepresentdiscussion.

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GREEK ACCESSIONS

At firstglance Askalos is perhaps the most promising but there is

some doubt as to whetherthe name is anythingmore than a corruption of Daskylos and in any event the person in question was presumably the grandfatherof Gyges, which is an impossible connection
fromthe chronologicalpoint of view. The fatherof Alyattes is called
Sadyattes by Herodotus (1. 16) , but this name in some form Sadyattes or Adyattes or Alyattes appears over and over again in
the Herakleid and Mermnaddynasties and is probably to be regarded
as a title or a dynastic name borne by all Lydian rulers.4The personal
name of the third Mermnad king may have been Kamblitas (Nicolaus of Damascus, FGH IIA, 342, fr.22) or Kambles (Xanthus, FHG
I, 38, fr. 12) or Kambes (Aelian, Varia Hist. I. 27). From the contexts in the various sources it is clear that the threenames pertain to
the same individual; it is possible that all are erroneous formsand
that the correctLydian versionof the name is preservedon our coin.5
It is also possible that the inscriptionson the early Lydian electrum refer not to kings but to commoners. Lydian experts have
seriously questioned the equation of the valvellegend with Alyattes
on linguisticgrounds,6and there are other difficultiesas well, which
are increased by the discovery of the new coin. Assuming that the
name on the later coinage is Alyattes and that this is a dynastic name
like Ptolemy, it is hard to see why the firstelectrum issue was inscribed with a personal name and the next with a dynastic one. Nor,
if the names are those of Lydian kings,is it easy to understand why
the practice of identifyingthe coinage in this way was such a shortlived phenomenon.Later issues of the time of Alyattes and all Croesus' strikingsare uninscribed.
Some of these anomalies might be explained on the theory that
the early Lydian electrum was a royal coinage in the sense that it

4Thename,however,
to kings.In Suidas(s.v.Kpocro)
there
was notrestricted
namedAlyatteswhorefusedto lend
is thestoryofa wealthyLydianmerchant
Croesus.In Nicolaus (fr.65) the merchantis called
moneyto the youthful
Sadyattes.
5It is notlikelythattheANS hectegivesthepersonalnameofAlyatteshimself.
ofAlyatteswithAdramytes
Alexander
(op.cit.,42i.) arguesforan identification
(orAdramys)knownby the Greeksas Hermon.
6W. H. Buckler(JHS 1926,360.) and R. Gusmaniin a recentletterwithreferenceto thediscussionofAlyattesin his LydischenWrterbuch
(Heidelberg,
1964),a volumewhichI have beenunableto consult.

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A.N. S. MUSEUM NOTES

was guaranteed by the badge of the reigninghouse and hence by the

ultimate authorityof the king but that in the beginningthe actual
production of the money was entrusted to private citizens who had
the facilities to do the work and that these men were required to
place their names or other distinguishingmarks on the coins as a
check on their output. Once this makeshiftarrangementhad been
abandoned in favor of a royal mint under the direct supervision of
royal officials,individual guarantees were no longer necessary.
Admittedlyall of this is highlyhypothetical.In many respects the
new hecte remains a problem,but this cannot obscure its significance
as our firstrecord of what may well be the firstinscribed Lydian
coinage.
Uncertain Asia Minor
6th Centuryb.c.
2. Obv.: Forepart of hare to 1.
Rev. : Incuse of mill-sail type.
EL Twenty-fourth(Phocaic). 0.65 gm.

3. Obv.: Four pellets and linear design.

Rev.: Incuse with lines and pellets.
EL Twenty-fourth(Milesian). 0.60 gm.
4. Obv.: Head of boar with long tusks to r.
Rev.: Deep quadripartite incuse.
Al Hemidrachm. 2.91 gm.
5. Obv.: Head of lion facing,wearing prominentradiate crown.
Rev.: Incuse.
Al Tetrobol( ?). 2.74 gm.
6. Obv.: Forepart of winged goat to r.
Rev.: Shallow quadripartite incuse.
Al Tetrobol( ? ) 2.57 gm.
With the exception of No. 4, these electrum and silver issues are
apparently unpublished. All belong to the sixth centuryand probably come from mints in Asia Minor although a Macedonian provenance forNo. 6 is possible.
The littlehare withclearly-definedwhiskersis a charmingaddition
to the Ionian electrum series. In style it may be compared to the

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SOME NOTEWORTHY

GREEK ACCESSIONS

in the Burton Y. Berry Collection (SNG 1023)

Phocaic twenty-fourth
which has the forepartof an ibex on the obverse. Althoughthe hare
appears as a coin type or symbol in South Italy and Sicily, it is unknown in Asia Minor.The connectionin the West is with the worship
of Pan (HN , 153) ; in the East at this early period the association is
more likely with Artemisor Apollo.7
An Ionian originis possible but by no means certain forNo. 3. The
unusual obverse has no parallel in the electrum coinage but the
arrangement of pellets and lines bears some resemblance to the
reverse type of a silver fractionof Cyme (Babelon, Trait, pl. XIII,
20). Incuses similar to that of our coin are found on fractionalelectrum of Milesian weight which Babelon assigns to South Ionia and
Chios (pls. Ill, 13 and VIII, 7).
Anotherexample of the boar's head issue (No. 4) was published by
G. F. Hill in an article on the coinage of Lycia.8 Hill, however, expresses grave doubts of its Lycian originand Babelon,9 in commenting on the London coin, emphasizes its non-Lycian style and incuse
type. Actually the deep quadripartite impressionof the reverse,resemblingthat of early Chiote silver,suggests an Ionian mint and the
boar's head would be appropriate forClazomenae.10
The radiate lion of No. 5 and the winged goat of No. 6 are strange
renderingswith no obvious relationshipto any of the numerousearly
coinages which employed the lion or the goat as a type.
Macedonia
TRIBALISSUES
Before 480 b.c.
7. Obv.: Boar to r. ; above, flower.
Rev.: Rough incuse.
At Stater. 7.55 gm.
7Notethededicationof a bronzehareto ApolloPrie(n)eusca. 500 b.c. ( ?), as
TheLocal ScriptsofArchaicGreece
citedby L. H. Jeffery,
, 342,15.
8 NC 1895,p. 44,2.
9 TraitII. i, no.985. Babelondescribesthecoinas foundat Myrabutit is the
preceding
entryin Hill's articlethathas theLycianprovenance.
10Anelectrum
fraction
witha boar'sheadontheobverseis tentatively
assigned
to Clazomenaein theBMCIonia,pl. Ill, 17.

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A.N.S. MUSEUM NOTES

8. Obv.: Naked horseman to 1., holding two spears; behind back,

shield (?).
Rev.: Rough incuse.
At Tetrobol. 2.66 gm.
Accordingto Svoronos,11the boar stater was struckby the Pierians
of Mt. Pangaeus and the horseman type by the Bisaltae. Babelon12
attributes both to the Thraco-Macedonian region but makes no
specificidentificationof the tribes responsible for the coinage. The
light weight of No. 7 is apparently due to corrosion; the coin shows
no sign of plating. No. 8 is unusual in that the horseman moves left
instead of rightas on other published specimens.
CAPSA
ca. 480 b.c.
9. Obv.: Ass to r., above, kylix.
Rev.: Incuse of mill-sail pattern; in two triangles,K A.
At Tetrobol. 2.93 gm.
From the Bourgey Sale of June 17, 1959, no. 236.
Agrigentum
5th CenturyB.c.
10. Obv.: AKRACto r. of eagle standing to 1.
Rev.: EXAKEZIOZ around crab.
At Didrachm. 8.99 gm.'
didrachms of Agrigentumthere are letters
On a few fifth-century
below the crab: A, E V, and EX A. The last can now, on the evidence
of the ANS coin, be tentativelyexpanded as Exakesios.
At this early period it is surprisingto finda complete name in such
a prominentposition, especially on an issue which is in no way remarkable. It is true that ZIAANOZ appears in large letters on the
gold of Agrigentumand ZIAANOZ or ZTPATN on the decadrachms
but these are spectacular coinages and their identificationwith in11L'Hellnisme
dela Macdonie,
p. 131,1-2 andp. 109,21-22.
primitif
12TraitII.i, nos. 1838-9and 1487.

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GREEK ACCESSIONS

dividual diecutters or magistrates is understandable. The didrachm

issues with lettersor a name in fullare part of a long series in which
the unmarked dies far outnumber the inscribed ones and are often
superiorin artistic quality.
Was Exakesios a magistrate or an engraver? The question has
been raised before in regard to other Sicilian or Italian issues on
which a name is given unusual prominence,and expert opinion more
often than not has been sharply divided.13On the whole the argument for the artist seems stronger than that for the official.The
traditionof recordingmagistrates' names on the coinage was a comparativelylate developmentin most sections of the Greek world and,
once established, the practice tended to be consistentand not sporadic. There would be no sense in indicating the officialsresponsible for
certain issues and omittingthe names of the men in charge of other
issues withinthe same series. The employmentof diecutterswas another matter. Every mint must have made use of engravers who
differedgreatly in skill and reputation. Presumably it was only the
famous artist who signed his dies and this indeed may have been a
stipulationin his "contract." If his work was not always outstanding
and if on occasion he exceeded the bounds of proprietyin inscribing
his name, it is unlikelythat the mintingofficialswere unduly disturbed. Having a celebrated artist on the payroll, however brief his
tenure,must have been a status symbolin ancient as well as mediaeval
times- only a wealthy state could affordsuch a luxury.
Side
5th Century b.c.
ii. Obv.: Pomegranate encircled by olive-wreath.
Rev. : Dolphin to 1.; below, human eye ; all in linear square within
incuse square.
Al Stater. 10.83 gm-'
Anotherexample of a rare early issue fromthis Pamphylian mint.
13Particularinstancesare citedby Paola ZancaniMontuoro
in a recentstudy
"Dossennoa Poseidonia,"Attie MemoriedellaSocietMagna Grecia(1958),
to KyleM. Phillips,Jr.
7gff.I owethisreference

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A.N. S. MUSEUM NOTES

Uncertain Caria

ca. 440 b.c.

12. Obv.: Forepart of lion, jaws open, to r.
Rev. : OTM'IMT (upward) in frontof wreathed male head toi.;
behind neck, ; all in incuse square.
At Stater. 11.18 gm./
This superb stater and an equally finehemidrachmin the Berlin
Cabinet (Plate I, B) are our only record of an issue produced by an
unidentifiedCarian mint in the mid-fifthcentury. The fraction,
is discussed at some length
originallypublished by Prokesch-Osten,14
hoard found on the Caroa
with
by E. S. G. Robinson in connection
Lycian border in the early 1930's.16
The deposit contained at least 37 staters with a winged male
figurein kneeling-runningposition on the obverse and a standing
lion on the reverse. Both obverses and reverses are marked with the
monogram y and the reverses are inscribed with four letters which
Robinson interpretsas the Carian equivalent of Lesbi, the name of a
local dynast. As a supplement to the hoard record, examples of two
later issues from the same mint are cited: a stater in the British
Museum with the types of the hoard coins but with a differentinscriptionand the hemidrachmin Berlin with the same inscriptionas
the London piece but with differenttypes. Our new stater, identical
in types and legend with the hemidrachm,can now be added to the
impressiveseries of coins struck by this unknown mint.16
If the inscriptionon the hoard staters is the name of a Carian
dynast, and Robinson's arguments for this are entirelyconvincing,
the second inscriptionshould be another name.17Assuming that the
11NZ 1870,264f. I amindebtedto Hans-Dietrich
Schultzfora castofthiscoin
(2.99gm.-).
_ .....
16NC 1936,265ff.See also a laterarticlebythesameauthor, Lorn-Legends
in
to WilliamHepburnBuckler),
CarianScript,"in AnatolianStudies(presented
2696.
16Thereare also fractions
of the kneelingfigure-lion
type: Babelon,1 ratte,
von Aulock(Karien)
SNG
NC
and
XIV,
17-18;
XXIV,
1936,
pl.
17;
14
pl.
but no inscription.
Theyprobablybelong
2352-3.Thesehave themonogram
withthesecondgroupofstaters{NC, pl. XIV, 16).
17Or perhapsan abbreviated
oi someotnerwora11tne
nameandthebeginning
markbetweenM andI is a dividingstrokeand nota letter.Robinsontakesit
foran I buton ourstaterthesignis littlemorethana pelletalthoughthereis
spacefora longerstroke.

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SOME NOTEWORTHY

GREEK ACCESSIONS

two inscriptionsabove the standing lion read in the same direction,

that is fromright to left,18the sequence is DTMTMT or 01MTM1,
All
and the transliterationwould be g-t-s-[i]--s-t
or g-l-s-[i]--s-l.19
that one can say is that neither version lends itself to any sensible
interpretation!
The monogramwhich appears on both obverses and reversesof the
earlierstatersand on the reversesof our issue is resolved by Robinson
as O - Y (vo- u in Carian)20and interpretedas the initial letters of
the mint. In this connectionthe AiSrai- OictTaiof the Athenian
tributelists is suggested,but there are difficultiesin the attribution.
Judging by its small assessment of 500 drachms, the place was
apparently of minor consequence, and furthermore,the second
version of the name, with which the monogram would be related,
may be nothing more than a scribe's error.21A more promising
possibility would seem to be Oaiqs, a town with a higher levy,
which may be identifiedwith the modern Ula situated in the region
of Idyma and not too far fromthe Lycian border.22Any firmmint
identification,however,must await a comprehensivestudy of earlier
Carian issues with lion types on which the monogram and the inscriptionOVA appear.23
18Therecan be no questionof thisin thecase oftheLesbilegendsincethelast
letteris omittedon somedies.
19On theLondonstaterthesecondand last lettersareclearly*1; on ourstater
T. The Berlinpieceseemsto have q as thesecond
theyare just as certainly
letterand T as thelast.
und
For thetransliteration
see Hans Jensen,Die Schrift
in Vergangenheit
Gegenwart
(Berlin,1958),448f.The letter is not knownin Carianbutoccurs
in Lycianand Lydian. If themarkbeforethe is theletterI, it is also nonCarian.
20Actually
thecombination
forCariannames,
maybeO-Y,a common
beginning
and it is conceivable
was intended
to includeA as well.On
thatthemonogram
ourcoin the engraving
was donein severalstages:a deeply-cut
O, a lightlyincisedY, and two additionaldiagonalsparallelingthe uppersegmentsof
theY.
21As Robinsonnoted,citingB. D. Meritt,TheAthenian
Tribute
ListsI, 473.
22Meritt,
thatOulaiesis listedinclose
362and 529-30.It is possiblysignificant
to TTccktOes
and just beforeTocppavi,
whichmaybe a border
'ISvue
proximity
city(Meritt,
553).
23Babelon,Traite,pl. XIX, 13 and22.Themonogram
is also foundona Lycian
stater(Babelon,pl. XCII, 14)and as a counterstamp
on a coinofPhaseiis(NC
1936,pl. XIV, 6).

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IO

A.N. S. MUSEUM NOTES

Mallus

ca. 425-400 b.c.

13. Obv.: Beardless male figurewith two pairs of curved wings in
kneeling-runningposition to r.; he is draped from the
waist down and holds a disk before his body with both
hands.
Rev.: M A P and eagle above a pantheressmovingto 1.,head facing
and r. forepaw raised; all in shallow incuse square.
At Stater. 10.43 gm./*
The diecutterresponsibleforthis hithertounknownissue of Mallus
has produced a remarkable work of art, original in concept and outstanding in technical skill. On the obverse the winged god with disk
provides still another version of the Mallian solar deity found in
various guises on the coinage: as a bearded half or full figurewith
single or janiformhead and two or fourcurved wings, and later as a
beardless figurewith two straightwings.24The combination of beardless head and fourcurved wings is new.
It is the reversewhich is trulynoteworthyforits treatmentof the
pantheress. Here there is no suggestion of the conventional wild
beast ofthe coin types. The unusual renderingof arched hindquarters,
lowered head and tail, and slightly-raisedforepaw conveys a vivid
impressionof a startled animal, freezingin a posture of defense.
The AN S coin,like anothernewissue ofMallus recentlydiscovered,25
seems to precede the long series of solar deity-swanemissionsof that
mint.
Tarsus
ca. 385-333 b.c.
14. Obv.: Athena, draped and helmeted, seated to 1., holding spear
in r. hand and leaning 1. arm on shield; behind, trunk of
olive-treewith branch. Border of dots.
Rev.: TEP [ZIKON] Girl kneeling to 1., playing with astragali;
behind, plant.
At Stater. 9.99 gm.f
24Babelon,Trait,pl. CXXXVII, 16-23.
25C. M. Kraay, TheCelenderis
Hoard, NC 1962,7. Thereis noevidencethat
ourpiececomesfromthesamedepositbutit is certainly
possible.

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GREEK ACCESSIONS

In this gracefulrenderingof a girl at play, the artist has created a

coin type which is all the more charmingby contrast with the rather
stodgy Athena of the obverse.
Myriandrus
ca. 350-345 b.c.
15. Obv.: Traces of Baaltars inscriptionto 1. of the Persian king (or
Baaltars) seated to r. on elaborate throne with curved
back ending in swan's head ; he wears long robe and high
crown of Egyptian type and holds lotus bud in 1.hand and
long lotus-tippedscepterin r. ; in front,roundshield. Border
of dots.
Rev. : Recumbent lion to 1.; above, bow. Border of dots. (Traces
of an undertype above the bow.)
At Stater. 9.86 gm.,/
Two series of lion staters and related obols are assigned by Newell
to the mint of Myriandrusunder Mazaeus.26 Our stater belongs to
the early coinage struck shortlyafter Mazaeus' appointmentca. 350
B.c. as satrap of both Cilicia and Syria. It differs,however,fromother
recorded specimens in having a symbol in the right field of the
obverse and borders of dots instead of linear circles around the
obverse and reverse types. These variations place it at the end of
the series with recumbentlion and just beforethe series with prowling lion, on which one findsdotted borders and in some cases a round
shield behind the throne of Baaltars.
The enthroned figureon the earliest issues of Myriandrusis not
only strikinglydifferentfrom the Baaltars of Mazaeus' second sequence but unparalleled in the entire satrapal series. This makes it
uncertainwhetherit is Baaltars or the Persian king who is represented. Newell believes that the legend points to the god, but Le Rider,
in publishinga new specimen fromSusa,27argues that the distinctive
crown is a royal attribute and that the figureis the king identified
with Baaltars. There is another element of the costume which is
26"MyriandrosAlexandriaKalsson," AJN LIII. 2, 1919,i6.
27Suse sous les Sleucideset les Parthes(Mm.de la MissionArch.en Iran,
XXXVIII, 1965),p. 215,573.

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12

A.N. S. MUSEUM NOTES

perhaps significant.On the staters the figureis clad in a plain robe,

but on an oboi28he wears a garmentrenderedby interlockingcircles
and suggestive of chain mail. This unusual type of kandys is also
found on a rare issue of daries,29and the relationship there is undoubtedly with the Persian king.
Myl as a
Late 4th or 3rd Century b.c.
16. Obv.: Zeus Labraundus in chiton and himation standing to r.,
holding double-ax over r. shoulder and long spear( ? ) in 1.
hand.
Rev. : MYAAIEN to 1. of Zeus Osoga, similarly clad, standing
to r., holding tridentin r. hand and eagle in 1.; IEPOKAHZ
(upward) in r. field.(Traces of earlierstrikingto r. of name.)
AI Tetradrachm. 12.24 gm-t
In a study of the mint of Mylasa,30Akidil Akarca publishes two
similar coins: a tetradrachm in Istanbul with Zeus Osogoa on the
obverse and Zeus Labraundus on the reverse, and a didrachm in
Berlin with the position of the two deities reversed. The ANS acquisition is a third specimen of this very rare Mylasan coinage. It
correspondsclosely with the Berlin half in the placement of the two
gods, in the absence of the border of dots found on the reverseof the
Istanbul tetradrachm,and in the arrangementof the ethnic which
reads upward in unbroken sequence to the left of the Zeus Osogoa
figurewhereas on the Istanbul coin it is divided and reads downward
to rightand left of Zeus Labraundus.
On the ANS coin there is a second inscription,IEPOKAHZ, which
must signifyan individual connected with the coinage.31Hierokles is
otherwiseunknown at Mylasa but the name was evidently common
28Note the specimenfromthe BurtonY. BerryCollection(SNG 1309),erattributed
to Tarsus.
roneously
29BMCArabia,pl. XXV, 14.
30Les monnaiesgrecquesde Mylasa (Bibi. Arch,et Hist, de lTnst.Franais
d'Arch.d'Istanbul,I, 1959),p. 57,9-10.
31The Berlindidrachm
in therightfield.In thecatalogueof
was also inscribed
thePhilipsen
Collection
from
whichthecoincame(HirschXXV, 1909,2361),it
is described
as havingAl . . . Fromthephotographs
thisreadingis notclearbut
it.
thereis a sigmatotherightoftheeagleandtracesofotherletters
preceding

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13

in Caria forit appears on coins of later date fromCnidus, Halicarnassus, Myndus, Stratoniceia and Rhodes.32
In Miss Akarca's publication the Istanbul and Berlin issues are
assigned to 150-100 b.c. This seems much too late.33Style and fabric
alike point to an earlierdate and the Zeus Labraundus representation
has obvious parallels with the main reverse type of the Carian
dynastic coinage which came to an end in 334 b.c. with the arrival of
Alexander and the destruction of Halicar nassus. After Alexander's
death Caria was controlled in succession by Asander, Eumenes,
Antigonus and Ptolemy Soter. How much freedom the individual
cities enjoyed under any of these rulersis uncertain,but an emission
of autonomous silver in large denominationson the Milesian-Phoenician standard34is perhaps more likely under Egyptian influenceafter
309 B.c. than at an earlier period. In putting out this distinctive
coinage reminiscentof the issues of the Carian satraps, Mylasa may
have been attempting to reclaim the pre-eminencewhich had been
hers before the rise of Halicarnassus when, as the royal residence
and the site of the famoustemples of Zeus Osogoa and Zeus Labraundus, she had been the chief city of Caria.
Alexander

III

ca. 325-323 b.c.

17. Obv.: Head of Athena tor., wearing crested Corinthian helmet
with serpent on bowl; below neck, fulmen.
Rev.: AAEEANAPOY to r. of Nike standing three-quarters 1.,
holdingwreathin r. hand and stylisin 1.; in lower1. field,ft.
AI Drachm. 4.26 gm.;/
32R. Mnsterberg,
"Die Beamtennamen
auf den griechischen
Mnzen,"NZ
recordofthenameoutsideCariais at Ciusand
1914,29. The onlynumismatic
Synnada.
33E. S. G. Robinson(NC 1961,115)datesthecoinageto the
3rd(?) century;
JacobHirschplacesthePhilipsencoinin the4thcentury.
34Thetwotetradrachms
areon thesame"Milesian"standardas tetradrachms
ofHecatomnusand Mausoluswiththe typesoflion'shead and Milesianstar.
Babelon(Trait11.2, 144)believesthesatrapalissueswerestruckat Miletusbut
theuseofthe"Milesian"standardfortheautonomous
coinageofMylasais an
fortheMylasanoriginof theearlierissues. This weightsystemof
argument
Mylasais somewhat
lighterthan thereducedstandardadoptedby PtolemyI
ca. 312b.c. (G. K. Jenkins,
MN IX, 35ff.forthedate).

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A.N.S. MUSEUM NOTES

Numerous staters and some quarters of the present issue are

known but this seems to be the firstrecord of the half stater. Althoughthe monogramon the reverseof our coin is somewhat obscure,
the obverse style is identical with that of a hemidrachmin the British
Museum on which the H markingis clear. Both the monogram and
the fulmensymbol of the obverse are characteristicof the gold issues
of Miletus struck ca. 325-323 B.c.38
Ptolemies
CYRENE UNDERPTOLEMYI
ca. 313-312 B.C.
18. Obv.: KYPANAI above head of Athena to r., wearing crested
Corinthianhelmet with serpent on bowl.
Rev. : Traces of inscriptionto r. of Nike standing three-quarters
1., holding wreath in r. hand and stylis in 1.; in lower r.
field,silphium.
N Drachm. 4.25 gm.-<The Ptolemaic gold of Cyrene with the types of Alexander and the
names of Theupheides and Euphris is extremelyrare. As recordedby
Lucien Naville,36it includes one stater with EY on the reverse and
two staters and fourdrachms with EY or EY<t>PI.Both series have the
standard Alexander types and the legend KYPANAION TTTOAEMAIQ
(or ITTOAEMAIOY), but there are noteworthy differencesin style
and composition. On the Theupheides stater the hair of Athena is
renderedin stiffformalcurls, the Nike is standing, and the legend is
divided with KYPANAIONon the obverse above the helmet of Athena
and TTTOAEMA... on the reverse; on the coins of Euphris, Athena
has loose flowinglocks, Nike is walking left,and both elementsof the
legend are on the reverse.
Although there is no trace of the EY inscription on the ANS
drachm, its association with the unique Theupheides stater in the
Athens Cabinet is unquestionable. The representationof the Athena
36Theyare also foundon tetradrachms
and drachmsofthesame period (M.
"A HoardofAlexanderDrachms,"Yale Classical
R. Bellinger,
Thompson-A.
StudiesXIV, 1955,25).
36Les monnaies
d'orde la Cyrnaque
(Geneva,1951),54i.

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15

head, the standing Nike, and the placement of the legend are identical on the two coins. We now have evidence that Theupheides, like
Euphris, struck drachms as well as staters.
E. S. G. Robinson37assigns this Theupheides-Euphris gold to the
interval between the suppression of the revolt against Ophelias in
313 and the beginningof the revolt led by Ophelias in 312. Considering the brief period of emission, the rarity of the coinage is understandable.
PTOLEMYII
271-246 B.C.
19. Obv.: AAEAON above jugate busts of Ptolemy II and Arsino;
behind Ptolemy's head, shield. Border of dots.
Rev.: EflNabove jugate busts of Ptolemy I and Berenice. Border of dots.
M Didrachm. 6.94 gm.f
One example of this denomination,a coin in the Vienna Cabinet,
is listed by Svoronos.38It is fromthe same obverse die as our specimen.
Seleucids
I
ANTIOCHUS
ca. 280-278 B.C.
20. Obv.: Head of Herakles to r., wearing lion's skin. Border of dots.
Rev.: BAZIAE[flZ]ANTIOXO[Y] in two lines to r. of Zeus aetophorus enthroned to 1.; in 1. field, ; below throne,N.
Border of dots.
Al Drachm. 3.96 gm.<The firstmonogramis not recorded by Newell forthe early Seleucid coinage89and the unusual arrangementof the Antiochus legend
has its only parallel in a tetradrachmissue {WSM 932) which Newell
assigns to Antioch. Our new drachm probably comes fromthe same
mint. The rugged style of the Herakles head is in the Antiochene
37BMCCyrenaica,
lxxxiii-lxxxvii.
39T NoiiicxnaTa
tou Kprrou
toov fTToepiacov,
no. 605.
39A somewhat
similarmonogram
occurson a drachmofSeleucusI ofuncertain
origin(WSM 1625).

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A.N. S. MUSEUM NOTES

i6

traditionand the monogrambelow the throneis foundin the exergue

on the earliest Apollo-typetetradrachmsof Antiochus I fromAntioch
(WSM 937).
III
ANTIOCHUS
ca. 222-220 B.C.
2i. Obv.: Diademed head of Antiochus III to r. Fillet border.
Rev.: BAIIAEflZ to r. and ANTIOXOY to 1. of Apollo seated to 1.
on omphalos ; in outer 1. field,head of horse.
Al Tetradrachm. 17.07 gm.t (Overstruck but undertype uncertain.)
A second specimen of an issue firstpublished by Georges Le Rider
in his monumental study of the coinage of Susa.40 The ANS coin is
fromthe same obverse and reverse dies as the Susa piece; it is also
from the same obverse die as a tetradrachm without symbol or
monogramwhich Newell tentativelyassigns to Sardes (WSM 1454).
As Le Rider points out, the new issue with its symbol of a horse's
head is an argumentforthe correctnessof Newell's attribution.
Three other issues of tetradrachms ( WSM 1451-3) are associated
with No. 1454 as the possible output of the Sardes mint after the
suppressionof Achaeus' rebellion. In discussing these emissions and
Achaeus' own coinage, Newell poses two questions: 1) did Achaeus
strike for Antiochus in the interval between his capture of Sardes
ca. 222 b.c. and his revolt in 220 ? 2) was the horse's head which
appears as type, symbol and counterstamp on Achaeus' issues a
personal badge or merely a referenceto a region famous forhorses?
In the writer's opinion, the new issue answers both questions.
No. 1454, without symbol or monogram, was the first coinage of
Achaeus as deputy for Antiochus, struck shortly after he occupied
Sardes. The ANS-Susa issue followedand here the appearance of the
horse's head, the badge prominentlydisplayed on Achaeus' personal
coinage, surely suggests that Achaeus was already toying with the
idea of rebellion.When this culminated in the proclamation of kingship in 220 b.c., the mint began to strikegold, silver and bronze with
Achaeus' portrait and name, and it was not until after the defeat
and execution of the rebel in 213 that Sardes resumed coining for
40Op.cit.,222f.No. 612 fromHoard4.

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Antiochus. On the new series (WSM 1451-2 and possibly 1453)41

the horse's head has disappeared.
ALEXANDERBALA
150-Ca. 147 B.C.
22. Obv.: Diademed head of Alexander Bala to r. Fillet border.
Rev. : BAZIAEQZto r. and AAEEANAPO (sic) to 1. of Apollo seated
to 1. on omphalos; in outer 1. field, ; in exergue, |p. Border of dots.
Al Tetradrachm. 16.81 gm.,/
Three other examples of this finalissue of Alexander Bala at Susa
are published by G. Le Rider.42Our piece shares obverse and reverse
dies with tetradrachm C on his plate VIII, and provides a clear
impressionof the monogramin the leftfield.
DEMETRIUSII
146-138 B.C.
23. Obv.: Diademed head of the youthfulDemetrius to r. Border of
dots.
Rev.: BAZIAE2/AHMHTPIOYto r. and OIAAAEAOOY/NIKATOPOZ to 1. of Sandan standing to r. on animal; in outer 1.
field,W; in exergue, i.
Al Drachm. 3.91 gm.f (ex HesperiaArt, Bulletin XXXIV, 126)
This is apparently the only record of a coinage fromTarsus during
the firstreignof Demetrius II. A drachm of Alexander Bala with the
41The portraits
ofNos. 1451-2and 1454are verysimilarin style;thatofNo.
and difficult
to fitintotheseries.
1453is quitedifferent,
ofAntiochus
Newell'ssequenceplacesNo. 1454as thelast striking
afterhis
ofSardes,onthegroundthattheheadis older.It seemstome,onthe
recapture
On No. 1454thereis no traceof
thatit is a younger
contrary,
representation.
thefurrow
fromnoseto mouthwhichis clearlyindicatedon Nos. 1451-2,the
ofthebrowis lesspronounced,
and thehairlineis lower.
furrow
In connection
withthisnewarrangement,
thatboth
it is possiblysignificant
andthedeepdepression
onthe
theANS and Susa tetradrachms
areoverstruck,
ofthefianto
reverse
ofNewell's1454maybe theresultofa carelesshammering
obliteratean earliertype.WhenAchaeusreopenedthe Sardesmintafterhis
in gettingadequate
conquestofthecity,he mayhave experienced
difficulty
suppliesofbullionand beenforcedto makeextensiveuse ofold coinsas flans
forthenewAntiochus
monev.
41Op.cit.,74.
3

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i8

A.N. S. MUSEUM NOTES

same reversetype is known,43and Demetrius duringhis second reign

(130-125 b.c.) issued tetradrachms and drachms with Sandan and
the pyramidal pyre of Tarsus as reverse types.44The 1combination
of the ANS coin may have some long-termsignificance.It is found
not only on the emissions of Bala and Demetrius already mentioned
but also on some of the Tarsian issues of Antiochus VII, Antiochus
VIII and Antiochus IX.
Within the period of his firstrule, Demetrius II struckat a number
of Cilician cities: Mallus,46 Seleuceia ad Calycadnum or Elaeusa,46
and Soli.47 It would be surprisingif he had not used Tarsus, the
major mint of the region.
48Imhoof-Blumer,
Monnaiesgrecques,
p. 433,96.
44BMCSeleucids,
p. 78, 22-23.
46Babelon,Roisde Syrie,p. 119,929.
44BMCSeleucids,p. 59, 15-16and forthe mint,A. R. Bellinger,MN III,
1948,27ff.
47O. Morkholm,
MN XI, 1964,60.

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II

14

17^^^

15

18.^|bk

20

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GREEK

^^^^F-

ACCESSIONS

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