Jon Cohn Exton PA - Technology Trends 2016 and beyond

Enterprise technology development keeps racing ahead, and this year's forecast
explains how most of it will be wrapped in the cloud
InfoWorlds David Linthicum recently suggested it was time to retire the phase
cloud computing and simply say computing. Thats how essential cloud has
become -- and why for the past couple of years cloud has framed my annual
attempt to identify the nine key enterprise tech trends going forward.
In 2015, it became a lot clearer what cloud infrastructure in all its scalable, selfservice glory will be best for: running applications composed of microservices
outfitted with RESTful APIs. Most likely those services will run in containers,
which give developers more control than ever in building, testing, and deploying
applications. Containers in turn support devops, where ops leverages new
automation, instrumentation, and monitoring -- and devs take new responsibility
for applications in production.
Sure, thats one sort of cloud operation, and few have all those pieces in place
today. But it's remarkable how quickly this shared vision of the future has
coalesced.
Still, several elements of this picture need to be completed before your average
enterprise can contemplate adoption. Which brings us to our first trend of 2016:
1. 'Cloud native' shapes the future
Applications built from microservices running in containers have all sorts of
advantages over monolithic applications. First and foremost, instead of dealing
with obscure internal dependencies that make troubleshooting and updating
painful, you can work with decoupled services that are individually monitored
and managed.
But microservices architecture adds complications -- mainly, swarms of
containers to keep track of. And who manages literally billions of containers in
production every day? Google, the company that in 2007 contributed the Linux
kernels cgroups container feature on which Docker was later built.
Last year Google introduced the open source Kubernetes project, which distills
Googles container management system into open source bits so mere mortals
can wrangle clusters of containers at scale. This summer the projects founder,
Craig McLuckie, announced the formation of the CNCF (Cloud Native Computing
Foundation), which will take Kubernetes as a starting point to build out an
ecosystem for container scheduling, management, and orchestration. Watch this
space carefully.
2. Spark 'streaming' accelerates
A funny thing happened to big data in 2015: Spark elbowed Hadoop out of the
spotlight. Why? Because rather than processing data in big batches across many
disks, as Hadoop does, Spark works its magic with small batches in big memory

-- close enough to real time to be indistinguishable from streaming. (Storm, a

true streaming solution, has already fallen out of favor.)
Cloudera and IBM have gone all-in with Spark, while Amazon, Google, and
Microsoft offer Spark as a service in their public clouds. But Spark still has major
annoyances relating to memory management and resiliency, among other
drawbacks. With this kind of momentum, though, you can expect many such
problems to be addressed in the coming year.
3. Developers tap into machine learning
Not only do all the major clouds now offer analytics as a service, but they also
provide machine learning APIs in the cloud; plus, open source machine learning
tools abound. Ubiquitous machine learning capability enables developers to build
applications that recognize patterns in gobs of data -- for fraud detection, face
recognition, medical diagnoses, infrastructure optimization, Web ad-serving, you
name it.
Of course, some commercial software and websites have had machine learning
features for years (for anticipating user actions, recommending related products,
and so on). The difference today is that machine learning is broken out as a
separate capability any developer can exploit, and we now have tons of data and
cloud computing capacity to throw at it, including fancy new servers equipped
with GPU accelerators to run machine learning algorithms.
4. Ciscos ACI reinvigorates SDN
The very idea of software-defined networking (SDN) suggests that, eventually,
hardware switches will become commoditized, which is why SDN has been seen
as an existential threat to Cisco. So far, however, SDN adoption has largely been
confined to telco and cloud service providers and has had little impact on the
enterprise.
Now Cisco has leaped ahead and introduced a new SDN scheme dubbed
Application Centric Infrastructure (ACI) that includes a new operations control
protocol, OpFlex, to replace OpenFlow. Designed for large-scale deployments, ACI
pushes SDN in a new direction, distributing some of the control over
configuration to the network and giving admins the ability to adjust settings at a
high level based on application requirements.
Most surprising of all may be the degree of openness. ACI uses RESTful APIs, and
Cisco has posted an open source SDK along with various ACI tools on GitHub.
Also, Cisco has proposed OpFlex as an both an IETF standard and as an
OpenDaylight project, and OpFlex already has the support of Microsoft, IBM, F5,
Citrix, Red Hat, Canonical, and others. Considering Ciscos huge enterprise
market share, this could be the jumpstart SDN needs.
5. PaaS gets a second chance

As Andrew Olivers classic 2012 article Which freaking PaaS should I use? made
clear, the first generation of PaaS was bedeviled by arbitrary limitations. As a
result, enterprise PaaS adoption has been relatively weak. Lots has happened
recently, though, including a rush to support Docker by the two leading onpremises PaaS offerings, Cloud Foundry and OpenShift.
I still believe that, on premises, many enterprises can benefit from running PaaS
as a modern, scale-out, polyglot version of the good old application server.
According to Martin Hellers recent InfoWorld review, OpenShift Enterprise 3 has
incorporated Docker containers without skipping a beat: For both developers
and operators, OpenShift fulfills the promise of PaaS.

6. SSDs takes a bigger bite out of the data center

Already flash beats spinning disk in price-performance for IOPS-intensive
applications such as VDI or high-performance databases, because equally
performant spinning disk requires so many spindles to keep up. All-flash arrays
and SSD-packed servers are no longer rare. Plus, everyone is excited about 3D
NAND, which will offer much higher SSD capacities and performance
A number of Internet giants have filled their data centers with SSDs for power
conservation as well as performance reasons. Nonetheless, performance aside,
the notion that flash will reach price-per-gigabyte parity with spinning disk will
remain a pipe dream for years. Spinning disk has made its own advances,
including helium drives and shingled magnetic recording, so SSDs wont fully
replace hard drives anytime soon.
7. The hybrid cloud gets real
Ive had trouble with the phrase hybrid cloud. Was it supposed to mean
integration between on-premises infrastructure and the public cloud? The
integration of any two clouds? If it required a private cloud set up like a public
cloud, well, so few of the former exist, the hybrid cloud might as well be
mythical.
But Microsoft is changing that with its Azure Stack for Windows Server, which
enables customers to at least partially duplicate Azure public cloud infrastructure
locally. When Windows Server and System Center 2016 ship next year,
integrating them with Azure promises to yield a true hybrid IaaS environment.
Through its professional services, IBM appears to be working in the same
direction with hybrid public and private cloud OpenStack deployments.
Amazon lacks a hybrid play (unless you consider some customers efforts to
duplicate their local environments on AWS hybrid). Google doesnt have a
hybrid play either, but thanks to Kubernetes and the CNCF (see No. 1) it's only a
matter of time. With the recent hire of VMware co-founder Diane Greene to head
up Google Cloud, Im finally convinced that Google is serious about serving

enterprise cloud customers, and a hybrid Kubernetes (and more) scheme will be
part of the deal.
8. Machine learning amps up security
Youve probably heard about financial services companies using machine
learning to detect fraud. But other security possibilities for machine learning
abound, such as flagging network anomalies, tracking user behavior, or
detecting zero-day malware.
Cylance, which recently partnered with Dell, provides a high-profile example: The
company uses deep learning algorithms to detect a claimed 99 percent of
malware. Yet buyer beware, because machine learning algorithms have been
used in security applications for years with varying success and many false
positives. Advances will keep unfolding thanks to big data analytics in the cloud,
but expect incremental gains, not miracles.
9. Blockchain breaks out
Bitcoin has been tarnished many times over. But blockchain, the mathematical
magic behind bitcoin, is on the verge of becoming a viable way to ensure the
integrity of all kinds of transactions. In a recent feature article, InfoWorlds Peter
Wayner counted more than 100 companies exploring ways to extend blockchain
for trading platforms, ID cards, contracts, secure storage, and more. Yes, even
banks are testing it out -- an indication well see blockchain go mainstream in
2016.

Source : infoworld.com
Recommended by :
Jon Cohn ,CTO , VP IT Architecture
https://www.linkedin.com/in/jonacohn
joncohn@comcast.net

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