Matlab Short 152

MATLAB Language of
Technical Computing and

Visualization
Presented by
Dr. M. Nuruzzaman
Electrical Engineering Department, KFUPM
Office: 59-0077, Email: nzaman@kfupm.edu.sa, Ph: 2830
Under the auspice of ETS sem 152
Overview
What is MATLAB?
What can be conducted in MATLAB?

What are MATLAB Toolboxes?
Where to start in MATLAB?
prompt - history - mfile
Prep. by: Dr. M. Nuruzzaman
Matrix entering row, column, and rectangular

Enter row matrix [2 3 4 -2 0] into MATLAB
>>R=[2 3 4 -2 0]
7
Enter 8
10
11
>>C=[7 8 10 -11]' or
>>C=[7;8;10;-11]
6
7
20
Enter 5 12 3
1 1
0
19
3
2
Space gap
between
elements,
semicolon
between rows,
and housed in
third bracket
A=[20 6 7;5 12 -3;1 -1 0;19 3 2]
Vector generation row and column by colon operator

Syntax - start : increment: last value
A=1:4
R=1:3:10
C=[0:2: 10]'
linspace (first element, last element, number of points from

first to last)
Functional codes
Logical & Comparative Operators:
Table D.4 Basic logical operations on matrix elements
for NOT(A) operation,

>>A=[0 0;0 1];
>>~A
ans =
1 1
1 0
for A OR B,
>>A=[1 1;0 1];
>>B=[0 1;1 1];
>>A|B
for A AND B,
>>A&B
ans =
0 1
0 1
for A XOR B,
>>xor(A,B)
ans =
1 0
1 0
ans =
1
1
1
1
Matrix of ones, zeroes, and constants

>>O=ones(3,1)
>>z=zeros(3,1)
Syntax: ones(row
number,column number)
>>C=3*ones(3,2)
Matrix arithmetic
A=[0 2 3]
B=[-1 4 5]
A/5
1./A
3./A
Matrix inverse
2
0
0
1 5
2 1
0 2
12 14
1
2
0
0
0
89
14
1
2
>>A=sym([2 1 5;0 2 1;0 0 2]);

>>B=inv(A)
A+5
A.^2
A./B
A^2
x
x y
y
1
y 2 yx x
x y
y 2 yx x
y yx x
x
2
y yx x
2
>>syms x y
>>A=[x y;x+y 1]; B=inv(A); pretty(B)
1/A
Indexing and coloning of arrays
Array indexing starts from 1 rather from 0
A=[2 4 3 -10 0 9 73 29 -31 50];

B=A([2 3 9])
8 64
64 216
1 47
3 87
C=A(3:8)
27 56
729 40
45 72
82
29
E=A([4 1])
Syntax: Array(required row,required column)
A=[8 64 27 56;-64 216 729 40;1 47 45 72;3 87 82 29];

Column selection
A(:,4)
Row selection
A(3,:)
Submatrix selection
A([3 4],[1 2])
Consecutive element selection
A(2:4,2:4)
Changing one element

A(2,3)=0
Column delete
A(:,3)=[ ]
Two row multiplication
A(:,1)=A(:,1).*A(:,2)/4
Particular colm division
A(:,1)=A(:,1)/2
Appending rows
1 3 5
2 6 8
[9 5
0]
[4
7 8]
B=[1 3 5;2 6 8]
B=[B;[9 5 0]]
A=[B;[4 7 8]]
B=
B=
A=
1
2
Appending
1
2
3
6
5
8
columns
3 5
6 8
5 0
1
2
9
3
6
5
5
8
0
1
2
9
4
3
6
5
7
D=[D [9 0 1]']
C=[D [3 1 9]']
D=
D=
C=
3
6
5
5
8
0
1
2
9
3
6
5
5
8
0
5
8
0
8
5
8
0
8
D=[1 3 5;2 6 8;9 5 0]
1
2
9
3
6
5
7
1 3 5 9 3
2 6 8 0 1
9
5
0
1
9
3
1
9
9
0
1
1
2
9
4
9
0
1
1
2
9
3
6
5
5
8
0
9
0
1
3
1
9
Data accumulation by using the two appending techniques

f=[ ]; k=2;
f=[f k]
f=[f;k]
For-loop syntax
for counter = starting value:increment or decrement of the counter value : final value
end
Executable MATLAB command(s)
for k=10:10:70
y(k/10)=cosd(k);
end
for the right shifting,
>>f=[ ]; for k=1:3 f=[f k^2]; end
>>f
f=
1
4
9
minimum/maximum/sum
/product/sort of data
max
min
sum
sort
prod
Or, as a one line:

for k=10:10:70, y(k/10)=cosd(k); end
for the left shifting,
>>f=[ ]; for k=1:3 f=[k^2 f]; end
>>f
f=
9
4
1
Row or column matrix

one function
Rectangular matrix two
functions
>>B=[1 3 7 5 -8]
>>max(B)
>>B=[1 3 5;2 6 8]
>>max(max(B))
Index returning
>>B=[1 3 7 5 -8]
>>[M,I]=max(B)
Scalar code for functional computing

Compute
y (12x4 4 x 1)(9x3 5)
x=[0 1 2]
y=(12*x.^4-4*x+1).*(9*x.^3-5)
Compute
y (12x4 4 x 1)(9x3 5)
1 x 2
x 0.5
x=-1:0.5:2;
y=(12*x.^4-4*x+1).*(9*x.^3-5)
Compute
f ( x, y) (12x4 xy 1)(9 y3 5)
for x=[0 1 2]
and y=[3 -2 1]
x=[0 1 2]; y=[3 -2 1]

f=(12*x.^4-x.*y+1).*(9*y.^3-5)
Rectangular Matrix based computing for 2D function
f ( x, y) (12x4 xy 1)(9 y3 5)
1 x 2
x 1
4 y 8
y 2
[x,y]=meshgrid(-1:1:2,4:2:8)
y=
x=
-1
-1
-1
0
0
0
1
1
1
4
6
8
2
2
2
4
6
8
4
6
8
4
6
8
f=(12*x.^4-x.*y+1).*(9*y.^3-5)
f=
9707
36841
96663
571
1939
4603
5139
105635
13573
350959
23015
814731
Symbolic differentiation
d
dx
d
dx
(sin x) cos x
(cot1 x)
1
1 x2
d
[(12x 4 4x 1)(9x3 5)]
dx
d3
4
3
[(
12
x
4
x
1
)(
9
x
5)]
3
dx
>>syms x
>>y=diff(sin(x))
use pretty for math

readable form,
expand for
expansion
>>syms x
>>y=diff(acot(x))
>>syms x
>>y=diff((12*x^4-4*x+1)*(9*x^3-5))
>>syms x
>>y=(12*x^4-4*x+1)*(9*x^3-5)
>>yn=diff(y,3)
Indefinite symbolic integration
sin xdx cos x

1
dx
x(x2 1)2
>>syms x
>>y=int(sin(x))
>>syms x
>>y=int(1/x/(x^2+1)^2)
Definite symbolic
integration
02 sin xdx
x3
1
dx
2
2
x2 x( x 1)
(ln x) 4
dx
x
x 3
5
use pretty for math

readable form
(ln x)4
dx
x
>>syms x
>>syms x
>>y=int(log(x)^4/x)
>>y=int(sin(x),0,pi/2)
>>syms x
>>y=int(1/x/(x^2+1)^2,2,3)
>>syms x
>>y=int(log(x)^4/x,3,5)
Simple if
x=2;
if x>=1
y=sin(x);
end
if logical expression
end
If-else
x=1;
if x==1
y=sin(x*pi/2);
else
y=cos(x*pi/2);
end

else
end
Nested-if

elseif logical expression
elseif logical expression
else
end
elseif
elseif
elseif
elseif
N=77;
if N>=90
g='A';
(N<90)&(N>=80)
g='B';
(N<80)&(N>=70)
g='C';
(N<70)&(N>=60)
g='D';
(N<60)&(N>=50)
g='E';
else
g='F';
end
User input during the run time of an M-file
>>A=input('Enter any integer from 1 to 10: ');

>>Enter any integer from 1 to 10: 5
While-end syntax
General syntax:
while logical expression
Executable command(s)
end
where while and end are the reserve words
Switch-case-otherwise syntax
>>A=input('Enter your name: ','s');

>>Enter your name: mohammad
Example: A positive integer
greater than 1 will be asked
from the user. The sum of the
squares from 1 to that integer
is required to compute.
Executable M-file:
I=input('Enter integer > 1: ');
k=0;
s=0;
while ~(k>I)
s=s+k^2;
k=k+1;
end
Algebraic equation solving
x y 8
9 x 8 y 5
x 2 y 2 z 2 8
2 y x 4
solve(eqn 1, eqn 2, eqn 3, so on,var 1,var 2, so on)
>>e1='x-y=-8';
>>e2='9*x+8*y=5';
>>s=solve(e1,e2)
>>[s.x s.y]
>>e1='x^2-y^2-z^2=-8';
>>e2='2*y+x=4';
>>e3='z-x=2';
>>s=solve(e1,e2,e3)
>>[s.x s.y s.z]
double for decimal
pretty for math readable

form
For structure array
3 cos x 2 sin x 2
array.member for any

element
>>e='3*cos(x)+2*sin(x)=2';
>>s=solve(e)
Fourier transform forward

fourier(function in string form, independent variable, transform variable)
F ( )
t
jt
e
f (t) dt
Fourier transform inverse

ifourier(function in string form, independent variable, transform variable)
f (t )
1
2
it
F
(
)
e
dt
Laplace transform forward

laplace(function in string form, independent variable, transform variable)
F (s)
t
st
f
(
t
)
e
dt
t 0
Laplace transform inverse

ilaplace(function in string form, independent variable, transform variable)
f (t )
1 s c ist
e F (s) ds
2 i s c i
Z transform forward
F (z )
n
f [n] z
n0
ztrans(function in string form, independent variable, transform variable)
Z transform inverse
f [n]
F (z) z
2 i C
n 1
dz
Z transform inverse
iztrans(function in
transform variable)
string
form,
independent
variable,
11
For loop conversion
2
(x 2x)
x 2
For loop computation:

S=0;
for x=-2:11
S=S+x^2+2*x;
end
Vector form computation:

x=-2:11;
S=sum(x.^2+2*x);
partial fraction symbolic and linear decimal

residue(Numerator coefficient,Denominator coefficient)
maple('convert',f,'parfrac',x)
1
x2
1
3 (x 1) 3 (x 2 x 1)
x3 1
>>syms x
>>f=1/(x^3+1);
>>R=maple('convert',f,'parfrac',x);
>>pretty(R)
1
0.3333 0.1667 j 0.2887 0.1667 j 0.2887
x3 1
x 1
x 0.5 j 0.866
x 0.5 j 0.866
>>syms x
>>N=1;
>>D=sym2poly(x^3+1);
>>[R P K]=residue(N,D)
R=
-0.1667 - 0.2887i
-0.1667 + 0.2887i
0.3333
P=
0.5000 + 0.8660i
0.5000 - 0.8660i
-1.0000
K=
[]
Polynomial roots
x3 1 0
Polynomial multiplication
( x3 x 1)( x2 3)
roots(polynomial as a row matrix)

syms x
>> r=roots([1 0 0 1])
y=(x^3-x+1)*(x^2-3)
r=
pretty(expand(y))
-1.0000
0.5000 + 0.8660i
Algebraic substitution
0.5000 - 0.8660i
maple('algsubs', variable to be eliminated as
Numerator denominator
an equation but left side of the equation must
separation
be the variable itself, expression from which
1
5
the variable is to be eliminated)
Vo
V1 Vo
x2 4 x 7
?
Vo AV1
(Vi V1 ) sC
Vi
R
syms x
syms s R C V1 Vo Vi
sRCA
y=1/(x^2+4)+5/(x-7);
RCs A 1
e1=(Vi-V1)*s*C-(V1-Vo)/R;
[N,D]=numden(y)
e2='V1=-Vo/A';
pretty(N)
O1=maple('algsubs',e2,e1)
pretty(D)
O2=solve(O1,Vo)
Vi=1;
Use expand if
subs(O2)
necessary
Creating function file:
f ( x) x 2 x 8
File starts with function
f ( x1 , x2 , x3 ) x1 2 x1 x2 x3
2
= is a must for return

Input argument separated
by comma
Output argument
separated by comma
Single input single
output function file
Input argument under first

brace
Output argument under
third brace
p1 x1 2 x1 x2 x3
2
Multiple inputs single

output function file
p2 x1 x2 x3
Function file for three input and two output

arguments
ODE without boundary condition
first derivative Dy
Second derivative D2y
Third derivative D3y
dsolve(ODE code,indpendent variable)
dy y 2
2x
4y
dx x
2x2
y
Cx
d2y
dy
2
15y 0
dt
dt 2
y(t)
S=dsolve('2*x*Dy=y^2/x+4*y','x');
pretty(S)
C1e5t C2e3t
S=dsolve('D2y-2*Dy-15*y=0');
pretty(S)
y y 2y 0
'''
'
y(x) C1e
x
7
x
7
x
e C2 cos
C3 sin
2
2
x
2
>>S=dsolve('D3y+Dy-2*y=0','x');
pretty(S)
ODE with boundary conditions

dsolve(ODE code, initial conditions separated by comma but as a
single string under quote, independent variable)
System of ODE with boundary conditions

dsolve(ODE 1 code, ODE 2 code, and so on, initial conditions separated by
comma but as a single string under quote, independent variable)
dy1
5
y
2
y
1
2
dt
dy
2 y1 2 y2
dt
y1(0) 1
y (0) 2
y1
y2
3 t 8 6t
e e
5
5
6 et 4 e 6t
5
5
y=f(x) versus x graph

From expression
From data
ezplot(function,interval
as a row matrix)
plot(x data,y data)
y 2x 2 3x 5
Tabular data
3 x 3
y='2*x^2-3*x+5';
Command to plot y vs x:
-6
-4
-3
-5
>>x=[-6 -4 0 4 5 7];
>>y=[9 3 -3 -5 2 0];
>>plot(x,y)
ezplot(y,[-3,3])
Multiple y
Multiple y
hold
ezplot(x+4',[-3,3])
ezplot(sin(x)',[-3,3])
-6
-4
y1
-3
-5
y2
-2
7.7
y3
-1
-3
plot(x,y1,x,y2,x,y3)
Surface plot
from expression
ezsurf(function code,[x min x max y min ymax])
default
2 x, y 2
2
2
f ( x, y) 8(x y )
ezsurf('-8*(x^2+y^2)')
Parametric equation
x 2 cost
y sint
2 x 2
0 t 2
1
y
2.5 x 5.1
0 y4
f ( x, y) x 2 xy y 2
x='2*cos(t)'; y='sin(t)';
ezplot(x,y,[0,2*pi])
Implicit function
Surface plot
from data
Use surf or mesh
surf(functional data as a
retangular matrix,x
variation as a row matrix, y
variation as a row matrix)
Needs computing or
sample generation
3 y 2
ln y ln(x y 1) 1 y 2
E='1/y-log(y)+log(-1+y+x)+y^2-1';
D=[-2.5 5.1 -3 2];
ezplot(E,D)
x=-2:0.2:2;
y=0:0.2:4;
[X,Y]=meshgrid(x,y);
f=X.^2+X.*Y+Y.^2;
surf(x,y,f)
Contour plot for
f ( x, y)
Syntax: ezcontour(code of f(x,y )under quote, x interval bounds as two
element row matrix, y interval bounds as two element row matrix)
1 2 2
f ( x, y) x y e3 x 4 y
2
1.2 x 1.2
1 y 1
Subplot for window splitting

Treat graphs as matrix elements
Syntax: subplot(m-row directed graph number, n-column directed graph
number, particular number from mxn)
All are integers
Suppose m=2, n=2, particular number is 1, 2, 3, 4 consecutively
rowwise
Discrete plot by stem, bar, bar3,
Random numbers
Decimal random numbers:
unifrnd(lower bound,upper bound,row number,column number)
Generation of a single random
number X between 4 and 5,
X=unifrnd(-4,5)
Generation of a rectangular matrix X of order 23 in

which every element is inbetween -4 and 5,
X=unifrnd(-4,5,2,3)
Integer random numbers:

unifrnd(row number,column number, [lower bound upper bound])
Generation of a single random integer X between -3 and 5,
X=randint(1,1,[-3 5])
Generation of a rectangular matrix X of order 33 in which each element is in
between -3 and 5,
X=randint(3,3,[-3,5])
Data statistics
datastats(y)
Excel file reading

f=xlsread(book1.xls')

Matlab Short 152

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Matlab Short 152

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Авторское право:

Доступные форматы

MATLAB Language of

Technical Computing and

What can be conducted in MATLAB?

Matrix entering row, column, and rectangular

A=[20 6 7;5 12 -3;1 -1 0;19 3 2]

Vector generation row and column by colon operator

linspace (first element, last element, number of points from

Prep. by: Dr. M. Nuruzzaman

Prep. by: Dr. M. Nuruzzaman

Prep. by: Dr. M. Nuruzzaman

Logical & Comparative Operators:

Table D.4 Basic logical operations on matrix elements

for NOT(A) operation,

Prep. by: Dr. M. Nuruzzaman

Matrix of ones, zeroes, and constants

>>A=sym([2 1 5;0 2 1;0 0 2]);

Indexing and coloning of arrays

Array indexing starts from 1 rather from 0

A=[2 4 3 -10 0 9 73 29 -31 50];

A=[8 64 27 56;-64 216 729 40;1 47 45 72;3 87 82 29];

Changing one element

D=[1 3 5;2 6 8;9 5 0]

Prep. by: Dr. M. Nuruzzaman

Data accumulation by using the two appending techniques

Executable MATLAB command(s)

Or, as a one line:

Row or column matrix

Scalar code for functional computing

x=[0 1 2]; y=[3 -2 1]

Prep. by: Dr. M. Nuruzzaman

Rectangular Matrix based computing for 2D function

use pretty for math

Prep. by: Dr. M. Nuruzzaman

Indefinite symbolic integration

sin xdx cos x

use pretty for math

Executable MATLAB command(s)

Executable MATLAB command(s)

Executable MATLAB command(s)

Executable MATLAB command(s)

Executable MATLAB command(s)

Executable MATLAB command(s)

User input during the run time of an M-file

>>A=input('Enter any integer from 1 to 10: ');

>>A=input('Enter your name: ','s');

Prep. by: Dr. M. Nuruzzaman

Prep. by: Dr. M. Nuruzzaman

Algebraic equation solving

solve(eqn 1, eqn 2, eqn 3, so on,var 1,var 2, so on)

double for decimal

pretty for math readable

For structure array

array.member for any

Prep. by: Dr. M. Nuruzzaman

Fourier transform forward

Prep. by: Dr. M. Nuruzzaman

Fourier transform inverse

Prep. by: Dr. M. Nuruzzaman

Laplace transform forward

Prep. by: Dr. M. Nuruzzaman

Laplace transform inverse

Prep. by: Dr. M. Nuruzzaman

ztrans(function in string form, independent variable, transform variable)

Prep. by: Dr. M. Nuruzzaman