UNIT 3: TEMPERATURE AND

HEAT

OBJECTIVES
Distinguish between heat and temperature.
Explain how temperature is measured.
Compare

the three common temperature

scales.
Solve problems in changing one scale to

another.

Temperature and Heat

Kinetic theory of matter - all matter is

made up of tiny particles called atoms

or molecules.
These particles are always moving, and
it is this movement that helps decide
what state of matter exists (solid,
liquid, gas).
The particles have potential and kinetic
energy (kinetic as they are moving, and
potential as they are potentially
attracted or repulsed by each other).
The TOTAL of all these forms of
energy in a particular substance is
called its thermal energy.

Temperature and Heat

When you put a flame to a liquid, the liquid

becomes warmer or hotter. Why?

Temperature and Heat

The molecules are made to race back and forth faster. In

other words, they gain kinetic energy. In general, the

warmer or hotter an object, the more kinetic energy its
atoms and molecules possess.

Temperature and Heat

Temperature is the hotness or coldness of a

body.
Heat is the energy that transfers from a body

of higher temperature to another body of lower

temperature. A quantity of thermal energy

absorbed or given off by a body.

Temperature and Heat

Temperature indicates the direction in which heat

flowing while heat is actual energy transferred.

In a set-up, a glass and pitcher filled with warm water of the same
temperature. Which water will dissolve an ice cube faster?

Temperature and Heat

Temperature indicates the direction in which heat

flowing while heat is actual energy transferred.

A drop of boiling water on your hand will not burn you. But if a
glass of boiling water is accidentally spilled on your hand. What
do you think will happen?

Temperature and Heat

How do we measure Temperature?

Thermometer

any thermal sensor that measures temperature.

Used to measure the hotness or coldness of
something.
Calibrations- lines on a thermometer.
A

thermometer can be calibrated by Fahrenheit,

Celsius, or Kelvin

Temperature and Heat

Kinds of Thermometer
Liquid-in-glass thermometer
Made

of a glass tube with a

bulb on one end
Increase temperature- liquid
expand and rises up the
narrow tube
Decrease temperature-the
liquid contracts and falls.

Temperature and Heat

Kinds of Thermometer
Rotary thermometer
Consists

of a coiled bimetallic strip

(iron and brass) joined together.
Brass- expands more than iron does
when heated.
When bimetallic strip is heated, one
side of it becomes longer than the
other.
Increase

temperature- strip coils up

more and the pointer moves around
a scale.

Temperature and Heat

Kinds of Thermometer
Thermocouple thermometer
An

electronic thermometer
Wires made up of two different
metals are twisted together.
When the wire tips are heated, a
small electric current is
generated
The amount of current depends
on the temperature
Commonly used in measuring
the temperature of ovens and
furnaces.

Temperature and Heat

Kinds of Thermometer
Liquid crystal thermometer
Consists

of liquid crystals
Used particularly with
young children as a
forehead fever
thermometer
Used for measuring the
temperature of fish tanks.

Temperature and Heat

Temperature Scales
Fahrenheit scale

Gabriel Fahrenheit
32 freezing point
212 boiling point at sea level
F degree Fahrenheit

Temperature and Heat

Temperature Scales
Celsius scale
Anders

Celsius
0 freezing point
100 boiling point
C degree celsius

Temperature and Heat

Temperature Scales
Kelvin scale

Intervals are the same with Celsius scale.

Any temperature can be changed to Celsius by
adding 273 to it.
273 freezing point
373 boiling point
-273 Absolute zero
Lowest possible temperature
It means that there is no more energy can be removed from
matter.

Temperature and Heat

Temperature Scales

Temperature and Heat

How to change readings from one
scale to another?
Fahrenheit to celcius

5
EQUATION 1

C=

(F 32)

Temperature and Heat

How to change readings from one
scale to another?
From equation 1, solve for Fahrenheit

F=

C + 32

EQUATION 2

Temperature and Heat

How to change readings from one
scale to another?
Celsius to Kelvin

C = K - 273

EQUATION 3

Temperature and Heat

How to change readings from one
scale to another?
From equation 3, solve for Kelvin

K = C + 273

EQUATION 4

TEMPERATURE SCALES
CELSIUS

FAHRENHEIT

KELVIN

Boiling pt of water

1000C

2120F

373 K

Freezing point of water

0 0C

320F

273 K

Celsius to Fahrenheit: 0F = 9/5(0C) + 32

Fahrenheit to Celsius: 0C = 5/9 (0F 32)
Celsius to Kelvin:

K = 0C + 273

Temperature and Heat

SAMPLE PROBLEM:

The normal body temperature is 37C.

How will you express this temperature in
F and K?

The highest atmospheric temperature ever

recorded on Earth was 57.8C. how will
you express this temperature in F and K?

Temperature and Heat

SAMPLE PROBLEM:

A science article refers to a

temperature of 300.0 K. What is the
equivalent Celsius and Fahrenheit
temperature?

TRY IT!
A. The average human body temperature is 98.6

F. What is the equivalent temperature on the

Celsius scale?
B. The melting points mercury, copper and oxygen

are 234 K, 1356 K, and 54.4 K respectively.

What are the Celsius and Fahrenheit equivalents
of these substances?