Coordinates: 34.22N 73.

28E

Azad Kashmir
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Azad Jammu and Kashmir (Urdu:

Azad Jammu o Kashmir), abbreviated as

AJK or Azad Kashmir ("free Kashmir"), is a self
governing[3] administrative division of Pakistan.
The territory lies west of the Indianadministered
state of Jammu and Kashmir, and was previously
part of the former princely state of Jammu and
Kashmir, which ceased to exist as a result of the
first Kashmir war fought between India and
Pakistan in 1947.
Azad Kashmir is part of the greater Kashmir
region, which is the subject of a longrunning
conflict between India and Pakistan. The territory
shares a border with GilgitBaltistan, together
with which it is referred to by the United Nations
and other international organisations as
"Pakistanadministered Kashmir".[note 1] The
territory also borders Pakistan's Punjab province
to the south and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province
to the west. To the east, Azad Kashmir is
separated from the Indianadministered state of
Jammu and Kashmir by the Line of Control, the
de facto border between India and Pakistan. Azad
Kashmir has a total area of 13,297 square
kilometres (5,134sqmi), with an estimated
population of around 4.6 million people.
The territory has a parliamentary form of
government, with its capital located at
Muzaffarabad. The President of Azad Jammu and
Kashmir is the constitutional head of the state,
while the prime minister, supported by a Council
of Ministers, is the chief executive. The
unicameral Azad Jammu & Kashmir Legislative
Assembly elects both the prime minister and
president. The state has its own Supreme Court
and a High Court, while the Government of
Pakistan's Ministry of Kashmir Affairs serves as a
link between it and Azad Kashmir's government.
Neither Azad Kashmir nor GilgitBaltistan elect
members to Pakistan's National Assembly.
A 2005 earthquake killed 100,000 people and left
another three million people displaced, with
widespread devastation. Since then, with help

Azad Jammu and Kashmir

Azad Kashmir

Administrative Territory of Pakistan

Flag

Azad Jammu and Kashmir (AJK) is shown in red. Rest of

Pakistan is shown in white.

Coordinates: 34.22N 73.28E

Country

Pakistan

Established

Oct 24, 1947 (Azad Kashmir

Day ())

Capital
Largest city

Muzaffarabad
Muzaffarabad

Government
Type

Selfgoverning state under

Pakistani

PrimeMinister

federation[1][2][3][4][5]
Azad Jammu & Kashmir
Legislative Assembly
Sardar Muhammad Yaqoob
Khan
Chaudhry Abdul Majid (PPP)

Area
Total

13,297km2 (5,134sqmi)

Body
President

Population (2008; est.)

Total
4,567,982
Density
340/km2 (890/sqmi)

from the Government of Pakistan and foreign

donors, reconstruction of infrastructure is
underway. Azad Kashmir's economy largely
depends on agriculture, services, tourism, and
remittances sent by members of the British
Mirpuri community. The territory's official
language is Urdu, although Pahari, Hindko, Gojri,
Punjabi, and Pashto are also spoken. It has a
literacy rate of approximately 64%.[10]

Contents
1 History
2 Government
3 Administrative divisions
4 Geography and climate
5 Culture
6 Ethnic groups
7 Economy
8 Education
8.1 Universities
8.1.1 Public universities
8.1.2 Private universities
8.2 Medical colleges
8.2.1 Public medical colleges
8.2.2 Private medical
colleges
9 Sports
10 Prominent people
11 Gallery
12 See also
13 Notes
14 References
15 Further reading

Time zone
ISO 3166 code

PKT (UTC+5)
PKJK

Main
Language(s)

Urdu (official)
Pahari
Mirpuri
Gojri
Hindko
Punjabi
Pashto

Assembly seats
Districts
Towns
Union Councils

49
10
19
182

Website

www.ajk.gov.pk
(http://www.ajk.gov.pk/)

16 External links

History
At the time of the Partition of India in 1947, the British
abandoned their suzerainty over the princely states, which were
left with the options of joining India or Pakistan or remaining
independent. Wanting his state to remain independent, Hari
Singh, the maharaja of Jammu and Kashmir, signed a standstill
agreement with Pakistan and delayed his final decision in an
effort to remain independent.[11][12]
In Spring 1947, an uprising against the Maharaja broke out in
Poonch, an area bordering the Rawalpindi division of West
Punjab. Maharaja's administration is said to have started
levying punitive taxes on the peasantry which provoked a local
revolt and the administration resorted to brutal suppression.
Map of the entire Kashmir region
The area's population, swelled by recently demobilised soldiers
following World War II, rebelled against the Maharaja's forces
and gained control of almost the entire district. Following this victory, the proPakistan chieftains of
the western Jammu districts of Muzaffarabad, Poonch and Mirpur proclaimed a provisional Azad
Jammu and Kashmir government in Rawalpindi on 3October 1947.[13]
On 21October, several thousand Pashtun tribesmen from NorthWest Frontier Province poured into
Jammu and Kashmir to liberate it from the Maharaja's rule. They were led by experienced military
leaders and were equipped with modern arms. The Maharaja's crumbling forces were unable to
withstand the onslaught. The raiders captured the towns of Muzaffarabad and Baramulla, the latter 20
miles (32km) northwest of the state capital Srinagar. On 24October, the Maharaja requested military
assistance from India, which responded that it was unable to help him unless he acceded to India.
Accordingly, on 26October 1947, Maharaja Hari Singh signed an Instrument of Accession, handing
over control of defence, external affairs and communications to the Government of India in return for
military aid.[14] Indian troops were immediately airlifted into Srinagar.[15] Pakistan intervened
subsequently.[12] Fighting ensued between the Indian and Pakistani armies, with the two areas of
control more or less stabilised around what is now known as the "Line of Control".[16]
India later approached the United Nations, asking it to resolve the dispute, and resolutions were passed
in favour of the holding of a plebiscite with regard to Kashmir's future. However, no such plebiscite has
ever been held on either side, since there was a precondition which required the withdrawal of the
Pakistani Army along with the nonstate elements and the subsequent partial withdrawal of the Indian
Army.[17] from the parts of Kashmir under their respective control a withdrawal that never took
place.[18] In 1949, a formal ceasefire line separating the Indian and Pakistanicontrolled parts of
Kashmir came into effect.
Following the 1949 ceasefire agreement, the government of Pakistan divided the northern and
western parts of Kashmir that it occupied at the time of ceasefire into the following two separately
controlled political entities:
Azad Jammu and Kashmir (AJK) the narrow, southern part, 250 miles (400km) long, with a

width varying from 10 to 40 miles (16 to 64km).

GilgitBaltistan formerly called the Federally Administered Northern Areas (FANA) the much
larger political entity to the north of AJK with an area of 72,496 square kilometres
(27,991sqmi). It was directly administered by Pakistan as a de facto dependent territory, i.e., a
nonselfgoverning territory. However, it was ostensibly granted "full autonomy" on 29August
2009.[19]
At one time under Pakistani control, Kashmir's Shaksgam tract, a small region along the northeastern
border of GilgitBaltistan, was provisionally ceded by Pakistan to the People's Republic of China in
1963 and now forms part of China's Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region.
In 1972, the then current border between the Indian and Pakistani controlled parts of Kashmir was
designated as the "Line of Control". This line has remained unchanged[20] since the 1972 Simla
Agreement, which bound the two countries "to settle their differences by peaceful means through
bilateral negotiations". Some political experts claim that, in view of that pact, the only solution to the
issue is mutual negotiation between the two countries without involving a third party such as the
United Nations.

Government
Azad Jammu and Kashmir (AJK) is a selfgoverning state under Pakistani
control, but under Pakistan's constitution the state is not formally a part of
the country as the dispute on Azad Kashmir has not yet been resolved.
Pakistan is administering the region as a selfgoverning territory rather
than incorporating it in the federation since the UN mandated
ceasefire.[1][21] Azad Kashmir has its own elected President, Prime
Minister, Legislative Assembly, High Court, with Khawaja Shahad Ahmad
as its present chief justice, and official flag. The government of Pakistan
has not yet allowed Azad Kashmir to issue its own postage stamps,
meaning that those of Pakistan are used instead. Brad Adams the Asia
director at the U.S. based NGO Human Rights Watch has said in 2006
Although azad means free, the residents of Azad Kashmir
are anything but, The Pakistani authorities govern Azad
Kashmir with strict controls on basic freedoms.[22]

Districts of Azad
Kashmir

The Government of Azad Kashmir has very little control over its territory, with its politicians mainly
spending their time in Islamabad.[23]
Azad Kashmir's financial matters, i.e., budget and tax affairs, are dealt with by the Azad Jammu and
Kashmir Council rather than by Pakistan's Central Board of Revenue. The Azad Jammu and Kashmir
Council is a supreme body consisting of 14 members, 8 from the government of Azad Jammu and
Kashmir and 6 from the government of Pakistan. Its chairman/chief executive is the prime minister of
Pakistan. Other members of the council are the president and the prime minister of Azad Kashmir(or
and individual nominated by her/him) and 6 members of the AJK Legislative Assembly.[1][21] Azad
Kashmir Day is celebrated in Azad Jammu and Kashmir on October 24, which is the day that the Azad
Jammu and Kashmir government was created in 1947. Pakistan has celebrated Kashmir Solidarity Day
on February 5 of each year since 1990 as a day of protest against India's de facto sovereignty over its

State of Jammu and Kashmir.[24] That day is a national holiday in Pakistan.[25] Kashmiris in Azad
Kashmir observe the Kashmir Black Day on October 27 of each year since 1947 as day of protest
against military occupation in Indian controlled Jammu and Kashmir.

Administrative divisions
The state is administratively divided into three divisions which, in turn, are divided into ten
districts.[26]

Bhimber

1,516

Population (2008)[27]
301,633

Kotli
Mirpur

1,862
1,010

563,094
333,482

Kotli
Mirpur

Muzaffarabad Muzaffarabad 2,496

638,973

Muzaffarabad

Division
Mirpur

Poonch

AJK Total

District

Area (km)

Headquarters
Bhimber

Hattian
Neelam
Poonch

854
3,621
855

251,000
106,778
411,035

Hattian Bala
Athmuqam
Rawalakot

Haveli
Bagh

600 (est.)
768

150,000 (est.)
351,415

Forward Kahuta
Bagh

Sudhanoti

569

204,091

Palandri

10 districts

13,297

4,567,982

Muzaffarabad

Geography and climate

The northern part of Azad Jammu and Kashmir encompasses
the lower part of the Himalayas, including Jamgarh Peak
(15,531 feet [4,734 meters]). However, Sarwali peak in the
Neelum Valley is the highest peak in the state.[28] Fertile,
green, mountainous valleys are characteristic of Azad Kashmir's
geography, making it one of the most beautiful regions on the
subcontinent.[1]

Kotla Bagh Azad Kashmir

The southern parts of Azad Kashmir including Bhimber, Mirpur

and Kotli districts has extremely hot weather in summers and
moderate cold weather in winters. It receives rains mostly in
monsoon weather.
In the central and northern parts of state weather remains
moderate hot in summers and very cold and chilly in winter.
Snow fall also occurs there in December and January.
Landscape of Azad kashmir

This region receives rainfall in both winters and summers.

Muzaffarabad and Pattan are among the wettest areas of the
state. Throughout most of the region, the average rainfall exceeds 1400mm, with the highest average
rainfall occurring near Muzaffarabad (around 1800mm). During summer, monsoon floods of the
Jhelum and Leepa rivers are common, due to high rainfall and melting snow.

Culture
The culture of Azad Kashmir has many similarities to that of
northern Punjabi (Potohar) culture in Punjab province. The
natives of Azad Kashmir speak Urdu, Potwari, and the Pahari
languages. The traditional dress of the women is the shalwar
kameez in Pahari style. The shalwar kameez is commonly worn
by both men and women. Women use shawl to cover their head
and upper body. The popular and traditional cuisines of Azad
Kashmir are Raan (Fried leg of Lamb), Rogan Josh, Balti Gosht,
Dal Chawal (A mixture of split peas, split red lentils, and boiled
rice), and Dam Aloo (Fried Potatoes). The traditional drink of
the region is tea.

Ethnic groups
Azad Jammu and Kashmir is almost entirely Muslim. This
inhabitants of this region are of many communities and tribes
who share ethnic and linguistic similarities with the people of
Northern Punjab. While Urdu is the official language of the
region, other languages commonly spoken are Pahari, Gojri and
Potohari.[note 2][29] The main communities living in this region

Lush Green View of Awan Patti,

Azad Kashmir

are as follows:[30]
GurjarThey are an agricultural tribe and are estimated to be
the largest community living in Azad Jammu and
Kashmir.[30][31][32]
Paddy field in Leepa valley

Jat They are one of the larger community of AJK and primarily
inhabit the Districts of Mirpur, Bhimber and Kotli. A large
Mirpuri population lives in the UK and it is estimated that more people of Mirpuri origins are now
residing in the UK than in Mirpur district. The district Mirpur retains strong ties with the
UK.[30][33]
Pahari Rajputs They are a community of Pahari speaking Rajputs like Jarral Rajputs, Thakial Rajputs,
etc. They primarily inhabit the Districts of Muzaffarabad, Bagh, Mirpur, Bhimber and Kotli[30][31]
Sudhan They are a large clan living in Poonch, Sudhanoti, Bagh and Kolti districts.[30][31]
Abbasi They are a large clan in Azad Jammu and Kashmir and mostly live in Bhag, Hattian Bala and
Muzaffarabad districts. Besides Azad Kashmir, they also inhabit, Abbottabad and upper Potohar
Punjab in large numbers.[30][31][32]
Awan A clan with significant numbers found in Azad Jammu and Kashmir, living mainly in the
Poonch, Hattian Bala and Muzaffarabad districts. Besides Azad Kashmir they also reside in Punjab and
Khyber Pakhtunkhwa in large numbers.[30][31][32]

Economy

Historically the economy of these areas now called Azad

Kashmir has been agricultural which meant that land was the
main source or mean of production. This means that all food for
immediate and long term consumption was produced from land.
The produce included various crops, fruits, vegetables etc. Land
was also the source of other livelihood necessities such as wood,
fuel, grazing for animals which then turned into dairy products.
Because of this land was also the main source of revenue for the
governments whose primary purpose for centuries was to
accumulate revenue.[34]

Neelum valley is a popular tourist

destination in Azad Kashmir.

Agriculture is a major part of Azad Kashmir's economy. Low

lying areas that have high populations grow crops like barley,
mangoes, millet, corn (maize), and wheat, and also raise cattle. In the elevated areas that are less
populated and more spreadout, forestry, corn, and livestock are the main sources of income. There are
mineral and marble resources in Azad Kashmir close to Mirpur and Muzaffarabad. There are also
graphite deposits at Mohriwali. There are also reservoirs of lowgrade coal, chalk, bauxite, and zircon.
Local household industries produce carved wooden objects, textiles, and dhurrie carpets.[1] There is
also an arts and crafts industry that produces such cultural goods as namdas, shawls, pashmina,
pherans, Papiermch, basketry copper, rugs, wood carving, silk and woolen clothing, patto, carpets,
namda gubba, and silverware. Agricultural goods produced in the region include mushrooms, honey,
walnuts, apples, cherries, medicinal herbs and plants, resin, deodar, kail, chir, fir, maple, and ash
timber.[1][21][35]
The migration to UK was accelerated and by the completion of
Mangla Dam in 1967 the process of chain migration became in
full flow. Today, remittances from British Mirpuri community
make a critical role in AJK's economy. In the mid1950s various
economic and social development processes were launched in
Azad Kashmir. In the 1960s, with the construction of the
Mangla Dam in Mirpur District, the Azad Jammu and Kashmir
Government began to receive royalties from the Pakistani
government for the electricity that the dam provided to
Pakistan. During the mid2000s, a multibillion dollar
reconstruction began in the aftermath of the 2005 Kashmir
earthquake.[36]

Munda Gali Leepa valley AJK

In addition to agriculture, textiles, and arts and crafts, remittances have played a major role in the
economy of Azad Kashmir. One analyst estimated that the figure for Azad Kashmir was 25.1% in 2001.
With regard to annual household income, people living in the higher areas are more dependent on
remittances than are those living in the lower areas.[37] In the latter part of 2006, billions of dollars for
development were mooted by international aid agencies for the reconstruction and rehabilitation of
earthquakehit zones in Azad Kashmir, though much of that amount was subsequently lost in
bureaucratic channels, leading to considerable delays in help getting to the most needy. Hundreds of
people continued to live in tents long after the earthquake.[36] A landuse plan for the city of
Muzaffarabad was prepared by the Japan International Cooperation Agency.
Kashmir as a whole is the one of the most beautiful regions in the world. Some wellknown and
popular tourist destinations are the following:

Muzaffarabad, the capital city of Azad Kashmir, is located on the banks of the Jhelum and
Neelum rivers. It is 138 kilometres (86mi) from Rawalpindi and Islamabad. Wellknown tourist
spots near Muzaffarabad are the Red Fort, Pir Chinassi, Patika,Subri Lake and Awan Patti.
The Neelam Valley is situated to the north and northeast of Muzaffarabad, The gateway to the
valley. The main tourist attractions in the valley are Athmuqam, Kutton, Keran, Changan,
Sharda, Kel, Arang Kel and Taobat.
Rawalakot city is the headquarters of Poonch District and is located 122 kilometres (76mi)
from Islamabad. Tourist attractions in Poonch District are Banjosa Lake, Devi Gali, Tatta Pani,
and Toli Pir.
Bagh city, the headquarters of Bagh District, is 205 kilometres (127mi) from Islamabad and 100
kilometres (62mi) from Muzaffarabad. The principal tourist attractions in Bagh District are
Bagh Fort, Dhirkot, Sudhan Gali, Ganga Lake, Ganga Choti, Kotla Waterfall, Neela Butt,
Danna, Panjal Mastan National Park, and Las Danna.
The Leepa Valley is located 105 kilometres (65mi) southeast of Muzaffarabad. It is the most
charming and scenic place for tourists in Azad Kashmir.
Mirpur city is the headquarters of Mirpur District. The main tourist attractions near Mirpur
city are the Mangla Lake and Ramkot Fort.

Education
The literacy rate in Azad Kashmir was 62% in 2004, higher than in any region in Pakistan.[38]
However, only 2.2% were graduates, compared to the average of 2.9% for Pakistan.[39]

Universities
The following is a list of universities recognised by Higher Education Commission of Pakistan
(HEC):[40]
Public universities
Mirpur University of Science and Technology (MUST), Mirpur
University of Azad Jammu & Kashmir, Muzaffarabad
University of Poonch, Rawalakot
Women University of Azad Jammu and Kashmir Bagh
University of Management sciences and Information Technology Kotli
Private universities
AlKhair University, Bhimber
MohiudDin Islamic University, Nerain Sharif

Medical colleges
The following is a list of undergraduate medical institutions recognised by Pakistan Medical and
Dental Council (PMDC) as of 2013.[41]
Public medical colleges
Mohtarma Benazir Bhutto Shaheed Medical College MirpurAJK
Azad Jammu Kashmir Medical College, MuzaffarabadAJK http://ajkmc.edu.pk

Private medical colleges

Mohiuddin Islamic Medical College, Mirpur (Admission Stopped)
Sardar Qamar Zaman Khan

Sports
In terms of sports, football, cricket and volleyball are very popular in Azad Kashmir. Many
tournaments are also held throughout the year and in the holy month of Ramazan night time floodlit
tournaments are also organised.
Azad Kashmir has a t20 cricket team in Pakistan's T20 domestic tournament
Mirpur has a cricket stadium (QuaideAzam Stadium) which has been taken over by the Pakistan
Cricket Board for renovation to bring it up to International standards. There is also a cricket stadium
in Muzaffarabad with the capacity of 8,000 persons. This stadium has hosted 8 matches of Inter
District Under 19 Tournament 2013.
There are also registered football clubs namely, Pilot Football Club
(http://www.pilotfc.codesinc.co.uk/),Youth Football Club (http://www.youthfootballclub.com/) and
Kashmir National FC. Pilot FC is the current champion of the District Football Association Cup (DFA
Cup). Mirpur also takes part in the All AJK Football Championship, last year Mirpur was the winner
after beating Rawalakot in the final.

Prominent people
Baba Shadi Shaheed, Sufi saint
Mian Muhammad Bakhsh, Sufi saint
Sardar Muhammad Ibrahim Khan, (19152003) Founder and first President of Azad Kashmir
Sardar Fateh Muhammad Khan Karelvi, Freedom Fighter and X MLA in Dogra Rule
Sardar Sikandar Hayat Khan, Former Two times Prime Minister and President of Azad Kashmir
Raja Mummtaz Hussain Rathore, Former Prime Minister of Azad Kashmir
Sardar Muhammad Anwar Khan, Vicechief of the General Staff and former President of Azad
Kashmir
Barrister Sultan Mahmood, former Prime Minister of Azad Kashmir
Sardar Attique Ahmed Khan, former Twice Prime Minister of Azad Jammu and Kashmir
Saif Ali Janjua, HilaleKashmir Awardee
General Aziz Khan, Former Chairman Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee, Pakistan
Engineer Rafaqat Hussain Awan Member Kashmir Council[42]
Major General Jamil Rahmat Vance, A serving General in Pakistan Army
Lord Nazir Ahmed, member of the UK House of Lords
Mohammad Sharif Chattar, Educationist, Botanist, Author, Poet

Gallery

Kotla, Bagh Azad

Kashmir

Kotli District

Mangla Dam, outside

of Mirpur

Typical houses in
Mirpur

Toli Pir

Rawalakot bazaar

Neelam Valley

Awan Patti

See also
Kashmir
Kashmir conflict
Human rights abuses in Azad Kashmir
Separatist movements of Pakistan

Notes
1. The Indian government and Indian sources refer to Azad Kashmir as "Pakistanoccupied Kashmir"
("PoK")[6] or "Pakistanheld Kashmir" (PHK),[7] sometimes in conjunction with other areas of Kashmir
under Pakistani control. "Pakistanadministered Kashmir" and "Pakistancontrolled Kashmir"[8][9] are
used by neutral sources. Conversely, Pakistani sources call the territory under Indian control "Indian
Occupied Kashmir" ("IOK") or "IndianHeld Kashmir" ("IHK").[6]
2. Snedden (2013, p.176): On p.29, the census report states that Urdu is the official language of the
Government of Azad Kashmir, with Kashmiri, Pahari, Gojri, Punjabi, Kohistani, Pushto and Sheena
`frequently spoken in Azad Kashmir'. Yet, when surveyed about their `Mother Tongue', Azad Kashmiris'
choices were limited to selecting from Pakistan's major languages: Urdu, Punjabi, Sindhi, Pushto, Balochi,
Saraiki and `Others'; not surprisingly, 2.18 million of Azad Kashmir's 2.97 million people chose `Others'.

References
1. "Azad Kashmir (http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/46696/AzadKashmir#)" at britannica.com
2. "Kashmir profile". BBC. 26 November 2014. Archived from the original on July 24, 2015. Retrieved July 24,
2015.
3. Policy Perspectives. Institute of Policy Studies. 2006. "Azad Kashmir declared selfgovernment on October
24, 1947"

4. Richard M. Bird; Franois Vaillancourt (4 December 2008). Fiscal Decentralization in Developing Countries.
Cambridge University Press. pp.127. ISBN9780521101585.
5. "Territorial limits". Herald. May 7, 2015. Archived from the original on July 24, 2015. Retrieved July 24,
2015. "These are selfruled autonomous regions."
6. Snedden 2013, pp.23.
7. Chandra, Bipan; Mukherjee, Aditya; Mukherje, Mridula (2008). India since Independence. Penguin Books
India. p.416. ISBN0143104098.
8. Bose, Sumantra (2009). Contested lands: IsraelPalestine, Kashmir, Bosnia, Cyprus and Sri Lanka. Harvard
University Press. p.193. ISBN0674028562.
9. Behera, Navnita Chadha (2007). Demystifying Kashmir. Pearson Education India. p.66. ISBN8131708462.
10. "Social Infrastructure". Ajk.gov.pk. Retrieved 20140818.
11. "The J&K conflict: A Chronological Introduction". India Together. Retrieved 20100605.
12. Britannica Concise Encyclopedia. "Kashmir (region, Indian subcontinent) Britannica Online
Encyclopedia". Encyclopdia Britannica. Retrieved 20100605.
13. Bose 2003, pp.3233.
14. http://www.bbc.com/news/10537286
15. Bose 2003, pp.3536.
16. Prem Shankar Jha. "Grasping the Nettle". South Asian Journal.
17. "UN resolution 47". Retrieved 11 September 2012.
18. "UNCIP Resolution of August 13, 1948 (S/1100) Embassy of India, Washington, D.C.".
19. Miller, David (August 30, 2009). "Pakistan grants full autonomy to northern areas | Pakistan Daily".
Daily.pk. Retrieved 20100605.
20. "UNMOGIP: United Nations Military Observer Group in India and Pakistan".
21. "Azad Jammu and Kashmir Introduction". Archived from the original on Sep 27, 2007. Retrieved June 22,
2010.
22. Adams, Brad. "Pakistan: Free Kashmir Far From Free". Human Rights Watch.
23. "I Am A Nationalist But Not AntiPakistan, Anwaar Ul Haq, Speaker of AJK Assembly".
Countercurrents.org. 20101203. Retrieved 20140818.
24. "Pakistan to observe Kashmir Solidarity Day today". The Hindu. February 5, 2007. Retrieved 20080205.
25. "Kashmir Day being observed today". The News International. February 5, 2008. Retrieved 20080205.
26. "Administrative Setup.". ajk.gov.pk. Archived from the original on April 9, 2010. Retrieved May 17, 2010.
27. "Azad Kashmir". City Population. Retrieved 6 May 2015.
28. http://www.pakistanalpine.com/sarwalipeak
29. http://www01.sil.org/asia/ldc/parallel_papers/tariq_rahman.pdf
30. Snedden 2013, Role of Biradaries (pp.128133)
31. http://www.erra.pk/Reports/KMC/RawlakotProfile200907.pdf
32. http://www.erra.pk/Reports/KMC/BaghProfile200907.pdf
33. Moss, Paul (November 30, 2006). "South Asia | The limits to integration". BBC News. Retrieved
20100605.
34. "History of Planning & Development Department in AJK".
35. "Azad Jammu & Kashmir Tourism". Archived from the original on May 29, 2008. Retrieved June 22,
2010.
36. Naqash, Tariq (October 1, 2006). "Rs1.25 trillion to be spent in Azad Kashmir: Reconstruction in quake
hit zone". Dawn (Muzaffarabad).
37. Abid Qaiyum Suleri; Kevin Savage. "Remittances in crises: a case study from Pakistan" (PDF). Retrieved
20100605.
38. " 'Literacy Rate in Azad Kashmir nearly 62 pc' ". Pakistan Times (MUZAFFARABAD (Azad Kashmir)).
September 27, 2004.
39. Hasan, Khalid (April 17, 2005). "Washington conference studies educational crisis in Pakistan". Daily Times
(Washington). "Grace Clark told the conference that only 2.9% of Pakistanis had access to higher
education."
40. "Our Institutions". Higher Education Commission of Pakistan. Retrieved 19 November 2013.
41. "Recognized medical colleges in Pakistan". Pakistan Medical and Dental Council. Retrieved 19 November
2013.
42. http://www.brecorder.com/topnews/1/170994pakistanremainscommittedtokashmircause
president.html

Sources
Bose, Sumantra (2003). Kashmir: Roots of Conflict, Paths to Peace. Harvard University Press.

ISBN0674011732.
Snedden, Christopher (2013) [first published as The Untold Story of the People of Azad Kashmir,
2012], Kashmir: The Unwritten History, HarperCollins India, ISBN9350298988

Further reading
Mathur, Shubh (2008). "SrinagarMuzaffarabadNew York: A Kashmiri Family's Exile". In Roy,
Anjali Gera; Bhatia, Nandi. Partitioned Lives: Narratives of Home, Displacement and Resettlement.
Pearson Education India. ISBN9332506205.
Schoefield, Victoria (2003) [First published in 2000]. Kashmir in Conflict. London and New York:
I. B. Taurus & Co. ISBN1860648983.

External links
Government of Azad Jammu and Kashmir
(http://www.ajk.gov.pk/)

Wikimedia Commons has

media related to Azad
Kashmir.

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title=Azad_Kashmir&oldid=701589389"
Categories: Azad Kashmir Disputed territories in Asia Kashmir conflict
Foreign relations of Pakistan States and territories established in 1947 Subdivisions of Pakistan
Territorial disputes of India 2005 Kashmir earthquake Urduspeaking countries and territories
Kashmirispeaking countries and territories
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