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Francha C. Andrade, Reg. Crim.

MALICIOUS MISCHIEF (ART. 327)

Elements:
1. Offender DELIBERATELY caused damage to the property of another;
2. Such act does not constitute arson or other crimes involving destruction;
3. The act of damaging anothers property was committed merely for the sake of damaging it;
There is destruction of the property of another but there is no misappropriation. Otherwise, it
would be theft if he gathers the effects of destruction.
SPECIAL CASE OF MALICIOUS MISCHIEF (ART. 328)
Acts punished:
1. Causing damage to obstruct the performance of public functions;
2. Using any poisonous or corrosive substance;
3. Spreading any infection or contagion among cattle;
4. Causing damage to the property of the National Museum or National Library, or to any archive
or registry, waterworks, road, promenade, or any other thing used is common by the public.
LIBEL (ART. 353)
Elements:
1. There must be an imputation of a crime, or of a vice or defect, real or imaginary, or any act,
omission, condition, status, or circumstance;
2. The imputation must be made publicly;
3. It must be malicious;
4. The imputation must be directed at a natural or juridical person, or one who is dead;
5. The imputation must tend to cause the dishonor, discredit or contempt of the person defamed.
TAKE NOTE: THE CRIME IS LIBEL IS THE DEFAMATION IS IN WRITING OR
PRINTED MEDIA.
THE CRIME IS SLANDER OR ORAL DEFAMATION IF IT IS NOT PRINTED.

Elements of crimes committed under the Revised Penal

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Francha C. Andrade, Reg. Crim.

SLANDER (ART. 358)

Slander is oral defamation. There are two kinds of oral defamation:
(1) Simple slander; and
(2) Grave slander, when it is of a serious and insulting nature.
SLANDER BY DEED (ART. 359)
Elements
1. Offender performs any act not included in any other crime against honor;
2. Such act is performed in the presence of other person or persons;
3. Such act casts dishonor, discredit or contempt upon the offended party.
Slander by deed refers to performance of an act, not use of words.
Two kinds of slander by deed
1. Simple slander by deed; and
2. Grave slander by deed, that is, which is of a serious nature.
Whether a certain slanderous act constitutes slander by deed of a serious nature or not, depends
on the social standing of the offended party, the circumstances under which the act was
committed, the occasion, etc.

FORCIBLE ABDUCTION (ART. 343)

Elements:
1. The person abducted is any woman, regardless or her age, civil status, or reputation;
2. The abduction is against her will;
3. The abduction is with lewd designs.

Elements of crimes committed under the Revised Penal

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A woman is carried against her will or brought from one place to another against her will with
lewd design.
If the element of lewd design is present, the carrying of the woman would qualify as abduction;
otherwise, it would amount to kidnapping. If the woman was only brought to a certain place in
order to break her will and make her agree to marry the offender, the crime is only grave
coercion because the criminal intent of the offender is to force his will upon the woman and not
really to restrain the woman of her liberty.
If the offended woman is under 12 years old, even if she consented to the abduction, the crime is
forcible abduction and not consented abduction. Where the offended woman is below the age of
consent, even though she had gone with the offender through some deceitful promises revealed
upon her to go with him and they live together as husband and wife without the benefit of
marriage, the ruling is that forcible abduction is committed by the mere carrying of the woman as
long as that intent is already shown. In other words, where the man cannot possibly give the
woman the benefit of an honorable life, all that man promised are just machinations of a lewd
design and, therefore, the carrying of the woman is characterized with lewd design and would
bring about the crime of abduction and not kidnapping. This is also true if the woman is deprived
of reason and if the woman is mentally retardate. Forcible abduction is committed and not
consented abduction.
Lewd designs may be demonstrated by the lascivious acts performed by the offender on her.
Since this crime does not involve sexual intercourse, if the victim is subjected to this, then a
crime of rape is further committed and a complex crime of forcible abduction with rape is
committed.
The taking away of the woman may be accomplished by means of deceit at the beginning and
then by means of violence and intimidation later.
The virginity of the complaining witness is not a determining factor in forcible abduction.
In order to demonstrate the presence of the lewd design, illicit criminal relations with the person
abducted need not be shown. The intent to seduce a girl is sufficient.
If there is a separation in fact, the taking by the husband of his wife against her will constitutes
grave coercion.
Distinction between forcible abduction and illegal detention:

Elements of crimes committed under the Revised Penal

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When a woman is kidnapped with lewd or unchaste designs, the crime committed is forcible
abduction.
When the kidnapping is without lewd designs, the crime committed is illegal detention.
But where the offended party was forcibly taken to the house of the defendant to coerce her to
marry him, it was held that only grave coercion was committed and not illegal detention.
CONSENTED ABDUCTION (ART. 343)
Elements
1. Offended party is a virgin;
2. She is over 12 and under 18 years of age;
3. Offender takes her away with her consent, after solicitation or cajolery;
4. The taking away is with lewd designs.
QUALIFIED SEDUCTION (ART. 337)
Acts punished
1. Seduction of a virgin over 12 years and under 18 years of age by certain persons, such as a
person in authority, priest, teacher; and
Elements
(a) Offended party is a virgin, which is presumed if she is unmarried and of good reputation;
(b) She is over 12 and under 18 years of age;
(c) Offender has sexual intercourse with her;
(d) There is abuse of authority, confidence or relationship on the part of the offender.
2. Seduction of a sister by her brother, or descendant by her ascendant, regardless of her age or
reputation.
Person liable
1. Those who abused their authority
(a) Person in public authority;
(b) Guardian;
(c) Teacher;

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(d) Person who, in any capacity, is entrusted with the education or custody of the woman
seduced;
2. Those who abused confidence reposed in them
(a) Priest;
(b) House servant;
(c) Domestic;
3. Those who abused their relationship
(a) Brother who seduced his sister;
(b) Ascendant who seduced his descendant.
This crime also involves sexual intercourse. The offended woman must be over 12 but below 18
years.
The distinction between qualified seduction and simple seduction lies in the fact, among others,
that the woman is a virgin in qualified seduction, while in simple seduction, it is not necessary
that the woman be a virgin. It is enough that she is of good reputation.
SIMPLE SEDUCTION (ART. 338)
1. Offender party is over 12 and under 18 years of age;
2. She is of good reputation, single or widow;
3. Offender has sexual intercourse with her;
4. It is committed by means of deceit.
DIRECT BRIBERY (ART. 210)
Acts punished
1. Agreeing to perform, or performing, in consideration of any offer, promise, gift or present an
act constituting a crime, in connection with the performance of his official duties;
2. Accepting a gift in consideration of the execution of an act which does not constitute a crime,
in connection with the performance of his official duty;

Elements of crimes committed under the Revised Penal

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Francha C. Andrade, Reg. Crim.

3. Agreeing to refrain, or by refraining, from doing something which it is his official duty to do,
in consideration of gift or promise.
Elements
1. Offender is a public officer within the scope of Article 203;
2. Offender accepts an offer or a promise or receives a gift or present by himself or through
another;
3. Such offer or promise be accepted, or gift or present received by the public officer
(a) With a view to committing some crime; or
(b) In consideration of the execution of an act which does not constitute a crime, but the act must
be unjust; or
(c) To refrain from doing something which it is his official duty to do.
4. The act which offender agrees to perform or which he executes be connected with the
performance of his official duties.
INDIRECT BRIBERY (ARTICLE 211)
Elements
1. Offender is a public officer;
2. He accepts gifts;
3. The gifts
QUALIFIED BRIBERY (ARTICLE 211-A)
Elements
1. Offender is a public officer entrusted with law enforcement;
2. He refrains from arresting or prosecuting an offender who has committed a crime;
3. Offender has committed a crime punishable by reclusion perpetua and/or death;
4. Offender refrains from arresting or prosecuting in consideration of any offer, promise, gift, or
present.
THEFT (ART. 308)

Elements of crimes committed under the Revised Penal

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Francha C. Andrade, Reg. Crim.

1. There is taking of personal property;

2. The property taken belongs to another;
3. The taking was done with intent to gain;
4. The taking was done without the consent of the owner;
5. The taking is accomplished without the use of violence against or intimidation of persons of
force upon things.
------------------------------------WALANG FRUSTRATED THEFT----------------------------------QUALIFIED THEFT (ART. 310)
1. Committed by a domestic servant;
2. Committed with grave abuse of confidence;
3. The property stolen is a motor vehicle, mail matter, or large cattle;
4. The property stolen consists of coconuts taken from the premises of a plantation;
5. The property stolen is fish taken from a fishpond or fishery; or
6. If property is taken on the occasion of fire, earthquake, typhoon, volcanic eruption, or any
other calamity, vehicular accident, or civil disturbance.
WHO ARE GUILTY OF ROBBERY (ART. 293)
Robbery This is the taking or personal property belonging to another, with intent to gain, by
means of violence against, or intimidation of any person, or using force upon anything.
Elements of robbery in general
1. There is personal property belonging to another;
2. There is unlawful taking of that property;
3. The taking must be with intent to gain; and
4. There is violence against or intimidation of any person, or force upon anything.

Elements of crimes committed under the Revised Penal

Code
Francha C. Andrade, Reg. Crim.