Special Pumping Units

Lesson #11

Special Pumping Units

What is in This Lesson?
1. How to recognize the following pumping units:

Regenerative turbines
Vortex pumps
Air lift pumps
Jet pumps
Open screw pumps
Pneumatic ejector pumps
2. The conditions under which a regenerative turbine pump would be used
3. The components of a regenerative turbine
4. The basic operation of a regenerative turbine
5. Regenerative turbine operating conditions
6. Use of the regenerative turbine in the water and wastewater industry
7. Advantages and one disadvantage of the regenerative turbine
8. The maximum depth that an impeller of a vortex pump penetrates into the volute case
9. The major advantages and disadvantages to the vortex pump
10. The theory of operation of the vortex pump
11. The two effects that the round case of the vortex pump has on its operation
12. The theory of operation of the air lift pump
13. How to calculate % submergence and air requirements for an air lift pump
14. The theory of operation for ajet pump
15. The major components of ajet pump
16. The physical difference between shallow well jet pumps and deep well jet pumps
17. The maximum lift for both shallow well and deep well jet pumps
18. The theory of operation of the screw pump
19. Four items which affect capacity of a screw pump
20. The operating sequence of a pneumatic ejector
21. How pot size determines both capacity and flow capacity
22. The time requirements for air volume on low flow ejectors
23. How to compute flow rates for a pneumatic ejector

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Pumps & Pumping

Key Words
Flight
Pneumatic Ejectors

Jet Pump

Specific Gravity

Submergence

Vortex Pump

- 368 -

Regenerative Turbine

Special Pumping Units

Special Pumping Units

Focus of Lesson

This lesson will deal with special pumps that are used
in the water and wastewater industry. The discussion
will cover regenerative turbines I, vortex, jet, air lift,
screw pumps, and pneumatic ejectors2. The lesson
will not cover the various styles of positive
displacement pumps used in the industry.

Regenerative Turbine
Regenerative turbines are manufactured in frame
mounted and close coupled configurations. There are
two styles of the frame mounted units. In one style the
pump is made very much like an end suction with the
impeller supported by two bearings on one end of the
shaft. The more popular version uses a bearing on
each end of the shaft much like a split case pump.

Configuration

Close Coupled

Frame Mounted

Uses

The regenerative turbine is used in the water and

wastewater industry primarily to provide adequate
pressure to boiler feed water and to provide adequate
pressure with a small flow for gas chlorinator injectors.

Operating Considerations

Regenerative turbine pumps are installed where

conditions require high head and low volume
output. Some regenerative turbines can produce
heads up to 1000 ft while producing flows of 100
gpm. These pumps will also allow for high suction
head conditions (150 ft).

Self-Priming

This type of pump is classified as self-priming. This is

due to the fact that the pump will develop a vacuum,
prime and pump with much higher quantities of air
and vapor than a centrifugal pump.

1 Regenerative Turbine - A pump that uses a rotating multi-vaned disc to throw the water against a case which has
a constant inside diameter. The water is then forced back into the disc.
2 Pneumatic Ejectors - A device for raising sewage or other liquid. This is accomplished by admitting the liquid
through an inward-swinging check valve into the bottom of an air-tight pot, allowing the pot to fill and then
discharging it through an outward-swinging check valve by forcing compressed air into the pot above the liquid.

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Pumps & Pumping

The regenerative turbine pump is easy to identify. The
case will be perfectly round, not like the eccentric
volute of centrifugal pumps. The suction and
discharge piping will be close together and usually of
the same pipe size.

Unique Case

Component Nomenclature
Impeller - Wear Plates

The impeller and the two casing wear plates are a

machined set and can be purchased in steel, bronze
or stainless steel. The bronze set is the most common
in the water and wastewater industry.

Stripper/M.S & Brg

The stripper is part of the case wear plates. The cast

case holds the plates together and houses the packing
or mechanical seals. This type of pump may be
designed with only one set of packing or mechanical
seals. When one set is used, the pump bearings are
either the motor bearings or dual bearings mounted in
the case in back of the impeller.
Some manufacturers prefer to mount bearings on
either side of the impeller so mechanical seals are also
needed on either side.

ICASING p
WEAR PLATES

lsHAFT

MECHANICAL SEAL

FRAME MOUNTED REGENERATIVE TURBINE

(dual mechanical seals)

I
I

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Special Pumping Units

Theory of Operation
Water Enters Impeller

The impeller has many small

vanes on each side. As water
enters the suction of the
pump, it is equally divided
by a separator sending one
half of the water to each side
of the impeller.

Interaction with Case

The clearance between the

edge of the impeller and the outside of the case is
suction

l
stripper

identical all around the case.

Fluid is thrown from the
impeller by centrifugal force.
However, it is contained by
the case and directed back to
the impeller.

This process may happen as

many as 50 times as the
water travels around the case.

As the fluid reaches the

discharge port, it is allowed
to escape. A stripper placed
at close tolerance to the
impeller continues around
the case to the suction.

Figure 3

stripper

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Pumps & Pumping

Normal Operating Conditions
Comparison/Positive Displacement

The regenerative turbine is smaller than positive

displacement pumps that deliver the same head and
quantity. They also may be run for short periods with
a closed discharge.

Comparison/Centrifugal

A centrifugal pump could produce the same head and

capacity, but in most cases the pump would need to
be multi-stage and would be more costly. There is also
the added advantage of being able to pump fairly high
quantities of air or vapor. It is for these reasons that
this pump is selected as the booster pump in gas
chlorine stations.

Subject to Wear

On the other hand, the regenerative turbine is subject

to the loss of head as a result of abrasive material
wearing on the impeller and plates. The regenerative
turbine is also more costly to maintain and repair
than equivalent-sized centrifugal pumps.

Sized at Twice the Head

Due to the problem of loss of head, the

regenerative turbine should be sized to produce
twice the desired head.

Bypass Valve

To allow for progressive loss of head, a bypass valve is

installed between the discharge and suction lines.
This valve is adjusted as the impeller wears to obtain
the desired discharge pressure.
I

PUMP DISCHARGE
TO INJECTOR

STRAINER AND
BLOW-OFF VALVE

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Special Pumping Units

Vortex Pump
Configuration

The vortex pump3 can be frame-mounted vertically,

frame-mounted horizontally, or installed as a
submersible pump.

Frame-mounted Vertical

Frame-mounted horizontal

Submersible

Use

Vortex pumps are used to pump fluids with medium to

large solids. The uniqueness of its design reduces the
possibility of the pump plugging with solids. They have
been commonly used to pump primary sludge at
wastewater treatment plants and to pump raw sewage.
They are used extensively in the food packaging
industry to move food through a packing plant.

Operating Considerations

The vortex pump is used to pump fluids with high

solids content and fluids containing large amounts of
entrained air and gas. This pump will produce
medium capacities and moderate heads at relatively
low efficiency; up to 4000 gpm, 100 ft. of head, and
efficiency of 35-55%.

Uniqueness

One of the significant differences of the vortex pump is

the shape of the casing around the impeller.
r----

CONVENTIONAL DESIGN

vapor
trapped
zone

r - - - - no vapor

trapping

VORTEX PUMP DESIGN

3 Vortex Pump - A pump in which the impeller protrudes no more than 50% of its depth into the volute case from
the rear.

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Pumps & Pumping

Remember that on an end suction pump, the casing is
called a volute case due to its shape. The case on a
vortex pump is referred to as merely the pump case.
Impact of Unique Case

Notice that the case is closer to round than volute

shaped. This change in the case makes two changes
in pump operation. One, the transfer of energy from
velocity head to pressure head takes place as the fluid
leaves the case, not in the case. And two, because
there is no area for air or gas, the pump does not lose
prime easily.

Theory of Operation
Impeller Position in Case

The impeller of the vortex pump is placed so that no

more than 50% of its depth is in the volute case
(notice the manufacturers' drawings). In some
instances, the impeller is recessed completely back of
the volute case (page 372). This styling allows for
minimum interference to solids by the impeller.
Virtually any item that will pass through the suction
piping will pass through the pump and out the
discharge. Produce, such as beans, cherries, and
peas, as well as live fish, have been pumped with this
style of pump.

Energy Transfer

As with the typical end suction centrifugal pump, the

mechanical energy is transferred to the water as
velocity head (Fig. 1). However, the water is not
thrown against the inside of the pump case because
the impeller is virtually back of the pump case. Since
water is cohesive (will stick to itself), it tends to twist
in much the
same fashion
that a rag
gripped at
one point and
twirled would f
twist. This
action is
referred to as \
developing
Figure 1
torque in the
water.

Development of a Vacuum

The twirling
action causes
the water to
move out of
the discharge, f
leaving a
partial
\
vacuum at
the center of
the impeller.
This partial

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Figure 2

Special Pumping Units

vacuum plus
the vortex
action of the
water causes
particles to
move up the
suction line
(Fig. 2). The
particles then
enter the fastmoving vortex
within the
pump
housing (Fig.
3) and are
f
thrown by
centrifugal
I
force to the
\
outer edge of
the pump
case and then
exit through the discharge (Fig. 4).

Figure 4

Frame mounted vortex pump - 50% of the impeller depth

extended into the volute case

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Pumps & Pumping

Frame mounted vortex pump - impeller completely out of the flow path

Parts List
No.
Ref.
No. Reqd.
1
2
1
3
1
4
1
5
2
6
1
7
1
8
1
10
11
1
12
1
13
5
14
1
17
1
1
18
19
1
2
20
2
21
22
1
23
1
1
26
1
40
1
47
2
117

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Description
Case
Impeller
Backplate & Pack.Hsg
Bearing Housing
Caps. B. Housing
Shaft
Lockscrew, Imp.
Key, Imp.
Gasket, Case
Lantern Ring
Packing Ring
Pack. Gland-split
Sleeve, shaft
Gasket, Slv. & Slinger
Slinger (L only)
Gasket, Brg. cap
Gasket, Brg, cap
Bearing, Thrust
Bearing, Radial
Key, Shaft
Snap Ring, Brg
Grease cup
Grease retainer

Material
C.I.
C.I.
C.I.
C.I.
C.I.
SAE1141 Steel
Carbon Steel
Carbon Steel
Asbestos
Bronze
Graphite, Asb
Bronze
416 SS
Teflon
Neoprene
Buna N
Plastic
Ball
Ball
Steel
Carbon Steel
Ale mite
Galv. steel

Special Pumping Units

Air Lift Pumps

Configuration

The pump is relatively simple, consisting of a large

pipe extending into a fluid and an air supply that
introduces air into the pipe below the water level.
This air supply pipe may extend down inside or
outside the pump pipe.

Use

They are used to move water and oil from wells, pump
mine tailings and used as the return sludge pump on
may small activated sludge treatment plants.

Operating Considerations

Air lift pumps can be designed to produce capacities

up to 2000 gpm and heads of 1000 ft at an efficiency

of 40% or less.

Theory of Operation
Drop in Specific Gravity

As air is introduced into water inside the pump, the

specific gravity4 of the water inside is reduced below
that of the water outside the pump. This difference in
specific gravity causes the water on the outside of the
pump to rush into the pipe, thus pushing the water in
the pipe up and out.

Velocity Carries Solids

As the water approaches the entrance of the pump,

its velocity carries large amounts of solids through
the pump.

Submergence

The only item which can produce head in this type of

pump is the difference in height between the top of the

4 Specific Gravity - Weight of a particle or substance in relation to the weight of the same volume of water. Water
has a specific gravity of 1.00 at 4 C.

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Pumps & Pumping

water and the point where air is introduced. This
distance is referred to as submergence5, S.

Submergence Range

A ratio of the height the discharge is above the water

level (total head, H) to submergence (S) is referred to
as the ratio of submergence. The ratio of
submergence, H/S, is an approximate one for most
applications. The ratio can reach three for high head,
low flow applications and be as low as 0.4 for low
head, high flow applications.

Capacity Control

The pump capacity is governed by the amount of air

supplied. There is a point beyond which the increase
in air supply will no longer increase flow. The table
below gives approximate amounts of free air required
to lift 1 gpm under various head and submergences.
RATIO OF SUBMERGENCE; H/S

0.15
0.22
20
50
0.30
040
100
150
_-- "- 0.60
0.8
200
300
1.2
2.3
400
AIR IN elm PER
- -- ~ { 1.4 c -- _
' - -2:6;>-3;25,
500
EACH 1 GPM
3._75_ _ _ _ _3_.0_ _ _ _ _2_.1...--; (HEAD & SUBMERGENCE
____
_
650
MEASURED IN ft.)
800
4_;_20____,_,_,_-_'3_;5_'_C-_ _'...-._'-'-',_"-_;_c-;~
--P.~--"_--_
3.9
4.70
950
-

I~

-0=

-:_

The free air can also be computed from the following

Computing Air Supply

HL

V=-------

4
CXlog ( S ; ; )
formula:
where:
V =free air required (cfm per gal)
HL=distance between air inlet and water outlet
C = a constant based on % submergence

AVAILABLE
HEAD
(submergence)

75% = 366
70% = 358
65% = 348
60% = 335
55% = 318
50% = 296

Percent submergence is- _s

HL
5 Submergence - On an air lift pump, the distance from the top of a fluid to the point where air is introduced into the
pump.

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Special Pumping Units

Jet Pumps
Configuration

The jet pump6 is an adaptation of the centrifugal

pump. It is simply an end suction centrifugal pump
combined with a venturi nozzle.

Two Types

There are two basic types of jet pumps used in

households. They are shallow well and deep well pumps.

Shallow Well

The shallow well pump contains the nozzle diffuser

and centrifugal pump in one housing. This type of
pump should not be used to lift water more than 25 ft.
Discharge Pipe

-------- ,
.....

I
I
I
1
I

Motor

----

I
/

Impeller

Suction
Pipe

Deep Well

Nozzle
Diffuser

SHALLOW WELL JET

With the deep well pump, the centrifugal pump is

placed at or above ground level, while the jet section is
placed below water level. This type of installation
requires two pipes to the jet. The smaller is the line to
the jet while the larger is the jet discharge and the
centrifugal pump suction piping. The deep well jet
can be used to raise water up to 400 ft.

---------..,
I

I
I
1
I

Motor
/

Impeller

DEEP WELL JET

Pressure

Diffuser

Nozzle

6 Jet Pump - A pump utilizing the Venturi effect to move water.

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Pumps & Pumping

The deep well pump has a pressure control valve
installed downstream at the centrifugal pump. The
valve assures adequate pressure at the nozzle.
Uses

The jet pump is used mostly for individual home

supplies. However, adaptations of the jet pump may
be used to remove filter media, chlorinate lines, lift silt
and debris and mix chemical slurries.

Operating Considerations

The main advantage of the pump is that once primed,

they are self-priming and they will allow the passage
of fairly high concentrations of suspended solids.
Their major disadvantage is an efficiency of 30-35%.

Component Nomenclature
Three Components

The jet pump is composed of three major components:

(1) a centrifugal pump or other high pressure water
source, (2) a means of diverting a portion of the water
discharged from the pump, and (3) ajet body
containing a suction inlet, nozzle and diffuser.

Pressure Control Valve

t
~Diffuser

~Nozzle

0000
00
00
0000

- 380 -

FOOT
VALVE

---+

.Jl

CENTRIFUGAL PUMP

Special Pumping Units

Theory
Energy Transfer

The operational theory is relatively simple and

basically involves energy transfer. The centrifugal
pump develops both quantity and pressure. A portion
of the pump volume is diverted to a nozzle.

Venturi

The cross-sectional area of the nozzle is considerably

smaller than the cross section of the pipes leading to
the nozzle. As the volume of water leading to this
nozzle is suddenly passed through a smaller cross
section area, its velocity must increase. The energy
that was pressure head is converted to velocity head.
The velocity is so great through the nozzle that all of
the pressure head plus some energy from atmospheric
pressure are used to develop velocity head. The result
is a low pressure zone at the exit of the nozzle. This
low pressure zone allows atmospheric pressure and,
any water which is above this point, to push water
into the low pressure zone.

Some Water Returned

As water passes through the low pressure zone into

the diffuser, the cross sectional area is once again
rapidly increased, causing a transfer of velocity head
to pressure head. The water then passes through the
centrifugal pump. A portion of the water passing
through the centrifugal pump will return to the jet.

Operational Problems
Typical operational problems with jet pumps are as
follows:
Plugged nozzle-can be cleaned by back flushing
Worn nozzle-no longer able to produce a vacuum;
must be replaced
Failure of foot valve to hold prime. Can be as simple
as repriming or as complicated as removal and
replacement of the foot valve.
Priming-when priming a deep well pump, disconnect
both lines and fill one pipe until all air is removed
from the other pipe.

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Pumps & Pumping

Open Screw Pump

Coiifiguration

Screw pumps are an inclined plane rotating around a

shaft.

Use

Screw pumps have been used for irrigation and land

drainage since the third century B.C. Presently they
are used in many wastewater treatment plants as grit
washers and to move raw sewage.

Operating Considerations

Open screw pumps need no priming, can move

material with high solids content and can operate
efficiently-from 30% to nearly 100% of design
capacity. Their normal efficiency is slightly above 70%.
The screw pump is most effective with lifts of 30 feet
or less. Flows up to 19,000 gpm can be reached with
large, 80" diameter screws.

Component Nomenclature
Flight

The incline plane is referred to as a flight7. There are

one flight, two flight and three flight screws. An
increase in
flight
ONE
numbers
FLIGHT
will
increase
flow by
TWO
about20% FLIGHT
for each
additional
flight.
THREE
FLIGHT

7 Flight - A helical-shaped metal plate around and at right angles to a shaft of a screw pump.

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Special Pumping Units

Touch Point

Touch Point is the distance between the flight and the

wall parallel to the screw.

Fill Point

Fill point is the center of the first flight on the screw.

Efficiency is best if the incoming fluid is not above this
point.

Delivery Point

Delivery point is the maximum height to which water

may be delivered.

Discharge Point

Discharge point is the normal level at which fluid runs

away from the screw.

Speed

Screw speed ranges from 30 to 120 rpm. However, it is

more common to speak of the peripheral speed of the
screw which is usually under 350 rpm.

Proper Speed

Proper speed is the speed beyond which liquid will

spill from one chamber to a lower chamber.

delivery point
; - - - - - discharge point

filling point
touch point

Theory of Operation
Inclined Plane

The theory of operation is relatively simple. A

continuous inclined plane is rotated by a central
shaft. The fluid is wedged upward by rotation.

Development of Head

The developed head is controlled by the physical

length of a continuous shaft not supported by center
bearings. Screw diameters from 12" to 80" are
available.

Capacity Control

Capacity of the screw pump depends upon the

following items:
Diameter of the screw
Speed of the screw
Number of flights mounted on the shaft
Angle of inclination

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Pumps & Pumping

Level of water in the influent chamber
Ratio of diameter of the screw shaft to the outside
diameter of the screw
Clearance between screw flights and trough
The filling point is the intake water level at which the
screw pump reaches it full capacity, best efficiency,
and high power consumption. If the level rises above
this point, capacity remains unchanged but power
consumption and efficiency will increase. If the level
falls below the filling point, capacity, efficiency, and
power consumption will be reduced. If the level falls
below the touch point, pumping will cease.

Proper Operation

CAPACITY AND INCLINATION

(\J

0
,...
,...

-;!2.
0

z
>I0
~
<(
0

""

... ......

0
0

''

......

,
'

......
~I'-..

())

co

"'"- - - -

0
I'-

~-

- -

~-

-- """"
- -"' '"
~-

~-

~
I

f'-

'"\ ..

(!)

22

- 384 -

24

26

36
34
32
30
28
ANGLE OF INCLINATION

38

40

Special Pumping Units

Pneumatic Ejector
Configuration

The pneumatic ejector consists of one or two steel or

cast iron pots, which receive sewage by gravity.
When the pots become full, air is introduced into the
top of the pots, displacing the sewage. These devices
are available in sizes from 20-80 gpm and deliver
heads of approximately 80 feet, with an efficiency of
15% or less.

Nomenclature
Pots

The sealed pots may be constructed of steel or cast

iron. The pot size determines both capacity and flow
capacity in gpm; that is, a 30 gallon pot is a 30 gpm
device. When two 30 gallon pots are used, the system
is still a 30 gallon system or can be described as a 30
gpm ejector system with a duplex pot arrangement.

Check Valves

Swing type check valves are placed on the inlet and

discharge piping of the pots. These valves control the
direction of flow. During the fill cycle, the inlet valve is
open and the discharge valve is closed. Air pressure
applied to the sewage causes the discharge valve to
open and the inlet valve to close. When air pressure is
discontinued, back pressure of sewage closes the
discharge valve. The inlet valve is opened by head
developed from sewage in the inlet piping.

Controls

Liquid level in the pots is sensed by mechanical or

electrical control.

Mechanical Controls

The typical mechanical control involves a float of some

type, mechanically linked to a pneumatic control valve.

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Pumps & Pumping

Two Types of Electrical Controls

Two types of electrical control valves are used.

Two Electrodes

One type involves two electrodes, one longer than the

other. As the pot becomes full, the fluid causes
electrical contact between the two electrodes. A relay
then operates the air control valve.

Single Electrode

With the single electrode method, electrical contact is

completed between the tank wall, and the electrical
capacitance of the control circuit is changed by the
immersion of an electrode in the fluid.

Control Valve

One type of control valve, usually a three way valve, is

installed in the air supply line. This valve serves two
functions: controls the air into the pots and controls
the air vent line from the pots.

Vent

As the pots fill, air in the pots must be removed. This

air is usually vented to an upstream manhole. This
eliminates the problem of offensive gases venting to
the atmosphere.

Air Supply

The air supply must be able to produce the required

air to empty the tank at the required discharge
pressure in 30 seconds.

Three Types of Air Supply

Three types of air supplies may be used-direct

delivery, stored air system, and plant air supply.

Direct Delivery

Direct delivery systems utilize high velocity vane-type

compressors capable of delivering the required volume
and pressure in 30 seconds. This type of unit is
usually used where discharge flows are less than 200
gpm and discharge heads are below 50 feet.
y- relief valve
y- check valve
._common
vent

Direct Air Delivery

Electrode Controlled

Stored Air Supply

- 386 -

The stored air system utilizes an air storage tank

capable of delivering one half of the air requirements.
The remaining air is supplied by high volume
compressors. The normal sequence of operation here
is to have a pressure sensing switch on the storage
(air receiver) tank. When air is needed, it is first
furnished from the tank. As the pressure in the tank
drops, the compressors are turned on, supplying the

Special Pumping Units

remainder of the needed air. This type of system is
usually used in systems requiring flow of up to 300
gpm and heads above 50 feet.

air
receiver
pressure
reducing valve
when required

Stored Air Delivery

Pneumatic Controlled

Plant Air Supply

The plant air supply system utilizes available air

supply and requires no compressors or air tank. The
system can be used on any flow and head
requirement, depending upon the air supply pressure
and volume.

Theory of Operation
Three Steps

The operation of the ejector is relatively simple and

involves three basic steps-filling, filled and discharge.
below are illustrations of these three steps for ejectors
with mechanical and electrical controls.

Filling

During the filling stage, the discharge check valve is

held closed by a downstream head above the valve.
The inlet valve is forced open by incoming sewage. Air
in the pot is vented to the upstream manhole through
the air inlet line.

Mechanical Controls

Electrical Controls

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Pumps & Pumping

When the tank becomes full, the air control valve
shuts off the vent line and allows air into the pot.

Full

Mechanical Controls

Electrical Controls

As the air pressure in the pot increases, the inlet

check valve is closed and the sewage is forced out past
the discharge valve.

Discharging

Mechanical Controls

Electrical Controls

Special Considerations
Fill Rate, Discharge Rate

- 388 -

The ejector is designed to fill in 30 seconds and

discharge in 30 seconds; thus, a 50 gpm device actually
delivers an instantaneous flow of 100 gpm. (The 50
gallons are discharged in 30 seconds). Line and valve
sizing should be done with this flow in mind.

Special Pumping Units

Special Pumping Units

Worksheet

1.

Regenerative turbine pumps are usually used for_ _ _ _ _ pressure ------volume

conditions.

2.

Regenerative turbines are manufactured in b o t h - - - - - - mounted and - - - - - coupled configurations.

3.

Identify the components indicated below.

4.

The clearance between the impeller of a regenerative turbine and the case is:
___ a) ever increasing
b) constant
___ c) varies inversely with direction
___ d) closer on the suction side than on the discharge side

5.

Describe how energy is transferred into the water in a regenerative turbine pump.

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Pumps & Pumping

6.

A regenerative turbine pump (is/is not) classified as self priming.

7.

What is the most common use of regenerative turbine pumps in the water and wastewater
industry?

8.

Give one advantage and one disadvantage of the regenerative turbine in comparison to a
centrifugal pump.

Disadvantage: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __

9.

Identify the following pump units:

A- - - - - - - - - - - - - -

B~-------------

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Special Pumping Units

- 391 -

Pumps & Pumping

0
10. The impeller of a vortex pump would protrude into the volute case no more than _____ /o
of the impeller depth.

11. The major advantage of using a vortex pump is its ability to pass ________ ____
without plugging.
12. The major disadvantage to the vortex pump is its low _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __
13.

How does a vortex pump transfer energy to the water and thus pump water?

14.

Due to the shape of the case on a vortex pump, energy transfer from velocity head to pressure
head takes place in the ________ ________ ____

15. The main advantage to the case shape of the vortex pump i s - - - - - - - - - - - 16. Air lift pumps lift water by reducing the w a t e r s - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 17.

For the condition below, calculate percent of submergence and air required for 100 gpm.

22 ft

16 ft

- -

18. The jet pump works by using the'-------- effect.

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Special Pumping Units

19.

Identify the components indicated below.

Pressure Control Valve - . .

..l

A.--------

8, ________

J ~,G

Lo

C, ________

O, _ _ _ _ _ _ __

E. ________
~ --------

FOOT
VALVE

20.

What is the major physical difference between shallow well and deep well jet pumps ?

21.

A shallow well jet pump will lift water up tO-------feet while a deep well will lift water
up to
feet.

22.

A screw pump moves water b Y - - - - - - it upward.

23.

List four items which would affect the quantity of water moved by a screw pump.
a) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __

b) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __
c) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __

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Pumps & Pumping

24.

A typical operating sequence for a pneumatic ejector would include the following steps:
a) During filling the
b) The

- - - - - - -valve is closed.
valve is forced open by

--------~

c) When the pot is full

valve and forcing the sewage out.

------------

is introduced into the pot closing the

25.

If a pneumatic ejector includes one 50 gal. pot, what is the capacity and flow capacity of the
ejector.

26.

The air supply for a pneumatic ejector should be sufficient to deliver the required volume and
sec.
pressure in

27.

A pneumatic ejector has two 50 gal. pots. What is the flow rate at discharge?
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ __,gpm.

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