Failure to Thrive

-Weight fall over 2 or more

percentiles
-Weight are persistently below the
third or fifth percentiles on more
than one occasion.
Causes

HOW
takes place craniocaudally, from
proximal to distal movements,
and from gross to fine stages.

1.Inadequate caloric intake

-Breastfeeding problem
Gastroesophageal reflux
Poverty

Developmental Warning S
Not smiling at mother

2.Inadequate caloric absorption

-Food allergy
Malabsorption
Pyloric stenosis
3.Excessive caloric expenditure
-Thyroid disease
Chronic infection
Malignancy
Normal variant
-constitutional delay in growth
-genetic
-born prematurely
Normal Child Development
Development- increase in
complexity
which involves changes in
structure and function.
4 areas of child development1
1.
2.
3.
4.

Posture and large

movements
Vision and fine movements
Hearing and speech
Social behaviour and play

Why should we know about

child development
1. to promote optimal
physical and mental health
for all children;
2. to ensure early diagnosis
and effective treatment of
children with handicapping
conditions of body, mind
and personality.

Poor head control

Unable to sit unsupported
Not crawling
Unable to stand with help
No babbling
Unable to stand unaided
Not walking independently
Unable to understand simple commands
Not using 2 or 3 words

01
2

Gross
4-5m
=full
head
control
5-6
=trunk
control
7-8m
=sit
indepndt
12=stand
ind

1
32
4

15m
=walks
ind. And
creep
upstair
18m
=run and
walk
upstair w
help
2y
=climb
furnitre

2
55y

2.5y
=jump w
both feet
3y
=walk all
direction.
Rides

Fine
3
=loss
palmar
grasp.
Hand
regard
6
Mture
palmar
grasp
9immat
ure
pincer
grp
12mature
pincer
grasp.
Casting
Perfect
pincer
grasp.

speech
1=cooing
4-laugh
6=babble
s
12m
=able to
gives toy
on
request,
know own
name,
and say 2
or more
words.

3mpleasure
vocalizatio
n
6m-take
toy to
mouth
9mstranger
anxiety
12m
Understan
d simple
commnd

2y
Join 2
word.
Echolalia

stops
taking
toys to
his
mouth
- restless,
constant
supervisio
n.
emotionall
y
dependent
upon a
familiar
adult,
especially
his
mother.
He plays
by
himself,
not with
other
children.

2.5y
-asking a
lot of
Who?
and
What?
and uses
I and

2.5
he starts
asking a
lot of
Who?
and
What?
and uses

Stop
casting
.
Scribbl
e
2ydraw
line by
imitatin
g

3-circle
4-cross
5square

social
1m
-social
smile

Manuvres
Supine on couch

8 weeks
Holds head briefly in midline.
Limbs semi-flexed at rest;
extend nearly fully when
actively moving.

Pull to sit

Palmar grasp reflex

disappearing.

12 weeks
Keeps head in midline & able
to move from side to side.
Moves arms symmetrically and
legs in cycling fashion.

Palmar grasp reflex lost.

Shows voluntary grasp.

Head lag
Little head lag
In sitting position, holds head
up momentarily.

In sitting position, balances and

turns head.

Back curved
Upper part of back straight
No trunk balance

Vertical suspension (&

look at, speak to)

Head needs some support.

Holds head well.

Eyes show fixation,

convergence, & focusing onto
examiner8.

Eyes alert and follow examiner

from side to side.
Social smile & cooing.

Social smile & may coo to

verbal stimuli.

Prone on couch

Holds head to 450 for up to

minute.

Raises head to 600 for minutes.

Bears weight well on forearm.

Ventral suspension

Holds head in line with body.

Holds head well above plane of

body.