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Are installed receptacle or devices that are supplied with water and drains
waste.
It allows the occupants of the building to use the plumbing system.
Types of Fixtures:
a. Soil Fixtures are fixtures that receive soil waste.
Examples: water closet, urinals, service sinks and others with
similar functions
WATER CLOSET classifications:
a. According to how it is supported:
Wall Hung
1. Low tank
2. High tank
5. Squat type
d.
Direct
Flush Valve/Flushometer in places where water is abundant
and the pressure is high, flushing actions can be obtained
directly from a flush valve connected into the bowl.
Kinds of URINALS
a. Wall Hung Urinal
b.
Stall Urinal
c. Through Urinals
b. Bathroom
Fixtures are
fixtures for
bathing and
washing purposes
Examples: lavatories, bath tubs, bidets, showers stalls, Jacuzzi and
other similar functions
Kinds of LAVATORIES:
a. Wall Hung Lavatory
b.
Pedestal
Lavatory
c.
Counter top
Lavatory
d.
Molded
one
Lavatory
in
piece
BATHTUB:
A bathtub is a large container for holding water in which a person
may bathe. Most modern bathtubs are made of acrylic or fiberglass,
but alternatives are available in enamel on steel or cast iron
occasionally, waterproof finished wood. A bathtub is usually placed in a
bathroom either as a stand-alone fixture or in conjunction with a
shower.
BIDET:
Bidets are primarily
used to wash and clean the genitalia, pennuem,
inner buttocks and anus. They may also be used
to clean any other part of the body such as feet.
Despite appearing similar to toilet, it would be
more accurate to compare it to the water basin or
bathtub. Bidets once served as a practical way for
couples to prepare themselves before sex as well
as to rinse themselves afterwards.
It is generally understood that the user should
sit on a bidet facing the tap and nozzle for washing
the genitalia and should sit with back to the tap
and wall then washing the anus and buttocks. A
dedicated towel or wipe is often available for drying.
SHOWER:
A shower (or shower bath, walk in
shower, steam shower) is a place in which a
person bathes under a spray of water. The
water is then drained through a drain in the
shower base. The modern shower comes
with configurable temperature and spray
pressure settings, along with adjustable
showerhead nozzle settings.
KITCHEN SINKS:
SCULLERY SINKS:
DISHWASHER:
commonly for washing dishes or laundering
b. Special Fixtures
Examples: drinking fountain, lily pools
DRINKING FOUNTAIN:
A drinking fountain also called water fountain or bubbler is a
fountain designed to provide drinking water. It consists of basin with
either continuously running water or a tap. The drinker bends down
to the stream of water and swallows water directly from the stream.
Modern indoor drinking fountains may incorporate filters to remove
impurities from the water and chillers to reduce its temperature.
Water fountains are usually found in public places like schools, rest
areas, libraries and grocery stores. Many jurisdictions require water
fountains to be wheelchairs accessible (by sticking out horizontally
include
an
additional unit of a
lower
height
for
had
one
atop
refrigeration unit.
LILYPOOLS:
AQUAIRIUM:
PRIVY
wooden shelter
it must be 50 to 150 (15m to 45m) away from the
water supply
the vault should be supplied with ventilation
it should be screened and protected from vermin &
flies
CESSPOOLS
-
is a hole in the ground with stones and bricks laid in such a manner as to allow
raw and contaminated sewage to leach into the under surface of the ground.
(now obsolete)
SEWER
Types of sewer:
a. Sanitary Sewer
is an underground carriage system
used for transporting sewage from houses and commercial buildings
sanitary sewers serving industrial areas also carry Industrial sewage
sanitary sewage is collected with the help of sanitary sewer line
the sanitary sewer is attached to a main sewer
the main sewer runs directly to the sewage treatment plant
b. Storm Sewer
a storm sewer collects storm water with the help of gutter & catch
basin
gutter allows the storm water to drain from the street directly into the
storm sewer
c. Combined Sewer
type of sewer system
collects sanitary sewage & storm water run-off in a single pipe system
can cause serious water pollution problems due to combined sewer
overflows
caused by large variations in flow between dry and wet weather
this type of sewer design is no longer used in building new
communities
Types of Sewage:
a. Sanitary Sewage
b. Industrial Sewage
c. Combined Sewage
a. Sanitary Sewage
also known as Domestics Sewage
the foul discharges from residential & commercial area
it mainly includes discharges from latrines, urinals, laundry
b. Industrial Sewage
the foul discharges from industries
it includes discharges produced during the manufacturing of goods
c. Combined Sewage
combination of sanitary sewage & storm water
storm water is rain & snow melt that runs off surfaces such as rooftops,
paved streets, highways & parking lots
SEPTIC TANK
EFFLUENT
liquid content
of sewage
o Effluent (grey-water)
6. The top cover and the manhole shall be extended 15cm above the soil
grade to prevent water infiltration.
PLUMBING SYMBOLS
Rainwater collecting on roofs, if not diverted, will run down walls and can cause wall
and window leaks, spill on people who are approaching entry doors, cause settlement
by washing the soil away from under foundations, subject basement walls to
unnecessary groundwater pressure and possible leakage and erode surrounding
around often disfiguring landscaped areas.
For buildings and houses with flat roofs, leaders can be interior and concealed by
the structure or partitions. Sloping roofs usually require gutters and leaders.
Functionally, they can be omitted sometimes in low, basement less, one story structures
with wide overhanging roofs. A gravel-filled trench skirting the perimeter and directly
below the edge of the eaves catches the water flowing off the roof.
Reasons for keeping paved areas clear of water are obvious. Puddies are avoided
and contiguous areas of earth and grass are not subjected to erosion and a soft
saturated condition. Areas to be drained including roofs, balconies, terraces, and
pavements are usually connected into a storm drainage system and the water
discharged to a stream, dry well, nearby gravel bed, recharge basin, or storm water.
WATER
Water is a combination of two elementary substances hydrogen & oxygen. It
appears in natural state as:
Liquid
Solid
Ice
Gas
Intermitted sedimentation
Continuous Sedimentation