MAE 252 HW #1

Landon Fernandez

Problem 1:
a) When subjected to a force a solid will undergo a finite deformation, and the shear
stress is typically proportional to the amount of this deformation. A fluid however
will experience a continuously increasing deformation, and the shear stress is
proportional to the rate of change of this deformation.
b) External aerodynamics deals with fluid flows around a body, including a study of
the forces, moments, and heating associated with this flow. Internal aerodynamics
deals with fluid flows through ducts. Examples of each respective type of flow
include the forces exerted on an airplane in flight and the flow properties inside a
rocket engine.

Problem 2:
Low subsonic speed-Beechcraft Bonanza 36
The Bonanza 36 is a six seat utility transport. The craft is propelled by a 224 kW
Continental IO-550-B flat-six engine, which drives the planes propeller. Fully fueled,
the craft is capable of transporting a payload weighing 313 kg. Normal cruising
speed is 306 km/h (M = ~.25).

Transonic speed-Boeing 747-8

The 747-8 is a wide-bodied airliner/four jet freighter. It is powered by four GEnx2B67 turbofans, and capable of carrying a maximum payload of 76065 kg. The
average cruise speed is M = .855 as an airliner and M = .845 as a freighter.

Supersonic speed-Boeing F-15E Eagle

The F-15E is a multirole combat fighter jet. Its primary mission is approach and
attack operations at night, in all weather conditions. Features wide field of view
HUD, air-to-air combat weapons capabilities, precision radar mapping, and much
more. Max speed achieved at M = 2.5.

Problem 3:
a) The cruise speed of the Spirit of St. Louis was 177 km/h, which equates to a Mach
number of ~.145. The trip took 33.5 hours to complete, and covered a distance of
5810 km.
b) Modern airliners travel at an approximate Mach number of .84, and take about
6.5 hours to travel from New York to Paris.
c) The Aerion AS2 is a supersonic jet capable of traveling at a cruise speed of Mach
1.4. At this speed a flight from New York to Paris would take only 3.4 hours.

Problem 4:
Characteristic
Wingspan
Power Plant

Max T-O Weight

Empty Weight
Flight Crew
Time of Flight
Distance Travelled
Average Speed
Average Mach Number

Voyager
33.8 m
1 Teledyne Continental O240,
1 Teledyne Continental
IOL-200
4397.4 kg
1020.6 kg
2
216 hours
40212 km
187 km/h
.153

Global Flyer
34.75 m
1 Williams FJ44-2
Turbofan

10024 kg
1678 kg
1
67 hours
41467 km
590.7 km/h
.483

Both the Voyager and Global Flyer are currently on display at the Smithsonian
National Air and Space Museum.

Problem 5:
1) Minghong G. Wu, Steven M. Green, and James Jones. "Strategies for Choosing
Descent Flight-Path Angles for Small Jets", Journal of Aircraft, Vol. 52, No. 3 (2015),
pp. 847-866.
This article discusses a study that attempted to optimize the descent flight paths of
small aircraft into congested terminal areas. The study proposes new flight paths
that will minimize fuel waste. It was concluded that certain descent strategies could
recover up to 50-75% of the fuel burn compared to the current minimum-fuel
strategy.
2) Trong T. Bui. "Analysis of Stall Aerodynamics of a Swept Wing with Laminar-Flow
Glove", Journal of Aircraft, Vol. 52, No. 3 (2015), pp. 867-871.
The article analyzes air flow over a gloved and ungloved wing, and seeks to
determine the effect the addition of the glove has on stall compared to the
unmodified wing. The study found that the gloved wing tended to stall much earlier
than the clean wing. In addition, the gloved wing displayed a significantly different
stall characteristic than the clean wing, mitigating the sharp drop off in lift usually
seen from the unmodified wing.
3) Dirk M. Luchtenburg, Clarence W. Rowley, Mark W. Lohry, Luigi Martinelli,
and Robert F. Stengel. "Unsteady High-Angle-of-Attack Aerodynamic Models of a
Generic Jet Transport", Journal of Aircraft, Vol. 52, No. 3 (2015), pp. 890-895.
This article details the process of developing an accurate model for fluid flow across
the wing of a Jet Transport. Specifically, the study addressed the unstable
characteristics of fluid flow when the wing was subjected to massive flow separation
due to high angles of attack leading up to and beyond stall. The study resulted in a
successful model which agreed with empirical data collected during the
investigation.