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3 types of Compounds:
1. Covalent (molecule)
2. Ionic (salt)
3. Metallic (alloy)
3 forms of an Element:
1. Atom
2. Ion
3. Isotope
or Compounds.
- Something made up of one kind of material (unique chemical formula) and also have unique properties.
- All substances are made of atoms, if all the atoms are the same type, it is called an Element.
- All substances are made of atoms, if the atom types are mixed or different types, it is called a Compound.
Elements
Atoms, are what all matter is made of (called the smallest piece
or
Ni
Cu
Na
Al
Pb
Inside an Element
Elements
an Atom
Inside an Atom
A. Composition of an atom
B. Structure of an atom
John Dalton developed the Atomic Theory, which says all matter is made of atoms and atoms are the building blocks of matter.
1) All elements are composed of tiny particles called atoms. Atoms cannot be divided into smaller parts (indivisible).
2) All atoms of the same element have identical properties. Atoms of different elements have different properties.
3) Atoms combine in whole-number ratios to form compounds.
4) Chemical reactions take place when atoms rearrange. Atoms of one element are not changed into atoms of another element.
Daltons theory was modified when
1. Subatomic particles were discovered, atoms are divisible into protons, neutrons, & electrons.
2. Isotopes were discovered, all atoms of the same element are not exactly alike, they can have different masses.
Daltons atomic theory helps explain the Law
of Conservation of Mass.
States that mass is neither created nor destroyed during a chemical reaction it is conserved.
Also, in a chemical reaction the mass of the reactants is equal to the mass of the products.
Equation:
I. Ions are atoms that have gained electrons (becoming negative) or lost electrons (becoming positive).
- Ions have electrical charges because they have unequal protons and electrons.
- Never change the amount of protons, Only change the amount of electrons!
2 types of ions;
Cation(s) have positive (+) charges, because the atom looses electrons.
Anion(s) have negative (-) charges, because the atom gains electrons.
Nonmetal elements gain electrons, and the amount of electrons they gain is equal to their negative charge.
Examples: chlorine gains 1 e- becoming -1 , oxygen gains 2 e- becoming -2 , nitrogen gains 3 e- becoming -3
Example of an
Atom becoming an ion
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II. Isotopes are atoms that have gained or lost neutrons, which changes the atoms mass #.
Atoms become isotopes by adding neutrons becoming heavier or loosing neutrons becoming lighter.
The mass of an isotope is equal to the amount of protons + the amount of neutrons.
Isotopes are atoms(elements) that have different Mass Numbers, than that listed on the periodic table.
Ways to write isotope names, called isotope notation, is the element name is followed by the mass #.
Examples:
Aluminum-27
or
Al-27