COLD WAR STUDY GUIDE

Name___________________________________
MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.
1)
All member nations in the United Nations were represented in the
A)
Secretariat.

B)
International Monetary Fund.
C)
General Assembly.
D)
Security Council.
E)
Cultural Assembly.
2)
In his famous Truman doctrine, the president announced the following policy toward the Soviet Union:
A)
Atlantic Charter.
B)
Zero tolerance.
C)
Strategic defense.
D)
Containment.
E)
Aid to Turkey.
3)
Richard Nixon used the notoriety of the Alger Hiss case
A)
To help Senator McCarthy in his senatorial election.
B)
To become the Senate Republican leader.
C)
To promote his own candidacy for vice president.
D)
To promote his own candidacy for president
E)
To help the nation understand the dangers of communism.
4)
Henry Luce's "American Century" argued that Americans must

A)
Return to isolationism to survive.
B)
Accept that their time was finished and they must learn to live with it.
C)
Establish and keep the world order.
D)
Turn atomic weapons over to an international authority.
E)
Get markets, big markets, in which to buy and sell.
5)
Which one of the following gives the correct chronological order of these events:
(1) Formation of NATO.
(2) The Truman Doctrine.(3) Berlin Crisis.
(4) Korean War.
A)
2, 4, 3, 1
B)
2, 3, 1, 4
C)
1, 4, 3, 2
D)
4, 3, 1, 2
E)
3, 2, 4, 1
6)
The Truman Doctrine is announced and Congress appropriated aid for Greece and Turkey in
A)
1947.
B)
1948.
C)
1946.
D)
1945.

E)
1949.
7)
President Roosevelt believed that, after the war, the United States was entitled to extraordinary influence in:
A)
Latin America and the Philippines.
B)
Indochina.
C)
all of Europe.
D)
Italy and Germany.
E)
France.
8)
As a result of the Armistice, the borders of the two Koreas
A)
Were unchanged.
B)
Both lost land to China.
C)
Changed dramatically with South Korea getting most territory.
D)
Were not much different than earlier.
E)
Changed dramatically with North Korea getting most territory.
9)
Compared to Franklin Roosevelt, Harry Truman exhibited this leadership style toward the Soviets:
A)
Polished and diplomatic.
B)
Age of anxiety.
C)
Tough and arrogant.
D)
Diplomatic but feisty.
E)
Deferential.
10)

Which one of the following would be LEAST likely to agree with the others on America's postwar role?
A)
George F. Kennan.
B)
George Marshall.
C)
Walter Lippmann.
D)
Arthur H. Vandenberg.
E)
Henry R. Luce.
11)
Which one of the following was NOT part of the national security state in the early postwar era?
A)
The Central Intelligence Agency.
B)
Special Forces military units.
C)
Immigration and Nationality Act.
D)
Federal Employee Loyalty Program.
E)
National Security Resources Board.
12)
Truman agreed with Churchill that:
A)
The Soviet Union should be given a strong role in German affairs.
B)
Germany should be divided and kept militarily weak.
C)
Former Nazis should be amnestied.
D)
Germany should be rebuilt into a powerful state.
E)
Heavy reparations should be imposed on Germany.
13)
In response to NATO rearming West Germany, the Soviet Union organized the
A)
Solidarity Pact.
B)
SEATO Pact.

C)
Eastern European Treaty Organization.
D)
Warsaw Pact.
E)
Berlin Wall.
14)
In his "Lincoln Day" speech, 1950, Senator Joseph R. McCarthy claimed that
A)
There were 200 communists working in the State Department.
B)
Whittaker Chambers, Alger Hiss and the Rosenbergs had sold secrets to the Soviets.
C)
A military takeover of the United States by the communists was imminent.
D)
Truman was a closet communist.
E)
The army was ignoring the communist threat.
15)
Why did McCarthy and HUAC attack certain women's and homosexual groups?
A)
They were popular and easy targets.
B)
Both groups had a tendency toward perversion.
C)
Sinister forces influenced women and homosexuals.
D)
Both groups fostered communism.
E)
Deep fears about changing sexual mores.
16)
The Republican formula for attacking Truman and the Democrats in the 1952 election was K1C2 meaning Korea,
communism and
A)
Corruption.
Country.

B)

C)
Corporations.
D)
Containment.

China.

E)

17)
The first demonstration of the Truman Doctrine took place in:
A)
Turkey.
B)
Vienna.
C)
Greece.
D)
Yugoslavia.
E)
West Berlin.
18)
An example of the age of Cold War anxiety was the popularity of this movie:
A)
They Live by Night.
B)
The Invasion of the Body Snatchers.
C)
The Best Years of Our Lives.
D)
Reds.
E)
I Married a Communist.
19)
Western states became the site of new military installations primarily because:
A)
public lands were plentiful and populations were sparse.
B)
state officials welcomed federal investment and aid.
C)
local communities benefited from the programs
D)
the local road network was underutilized.

E)
they were located inland from vulnerable ports.
20)
The armistice ended fighting in Korea in
A)
1954.
B)
1952.
C)
1951.
D)
1953.
E)
1950.
21)
Truman used the threat of communism to promote
A)
Martial law.

B)
Defense spending.
C)
Democracy.
D)
The Fair Deal program.
E)
New Deal programs.
22)
Which one of the following was NOT a result of U.S. involvement in the Korean War?
A)
There was a heightened commitment to Southeast Asia.
B)
The containment principle was repudiated as a viable policy.
C)
The U.S. and the People's Republic of China became unwavering enemies.
D)
The principle of containment was extended.

E)
Containment had been extended beyond Europe.
23)
The Truman Doctrine was first applied to these countries:
A)
Yugoslavia/Albania.
B)
Yugoslavia/Greece.
C)
North/South Korea.
D)
Turkey/Greece.
E)
East/West Germany.
24)
In his 1952 presidential campaign, Republican candidate Eisenhower projected an image of a/an
A)
Liberal who would pull America out of Korea.
B)
Reformer who could fulfill the dreams of the New Deal.
C)
Conservative determined to undo remaining elements of the New Deal.
D)
Moderate but firm candidate who could achieve honorable peace in Korea.
E)
Aggressive anti-communist who would get total victory in Korea.
25)
What did these five countries have in common: United States, Great Britain, Soviet Union, France and nationalist China?
A)
Membership in NATO.
B)
Members of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade.
C)
Seats on the International Court of Justice.
D)
Permanent members of the United Nations Security Council.
E)
Founding members of the Warsaw Pact.
26)
By not joining the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund, the Soviet Union
A)

Saved itself from the looming global recession.

B)
Was able to get lower lending rates from its investors.
C)
Increased its world status.
D)
Isolated itself economically.
E)
Gained more respect from its client states.
27)
The main effect of the Red Hysteria on college campuses was
A)
Decline of enrollments.
B)
Increasing radicalism of students.
C)
Increased racism on campus.
D)
Restraint of free speech.
E)
Increased awareness of communism.
28)
As far as Truman was concerned, this Asian country and its situation was like that of Greece when he proclaimed his
Truman Doctrine:
A)
Philippines.
B)
Indochina.
C)
Korea.
D)
China.
E)
Vietnam.
29)
The Korean War began when

A)
North Korea launched a military attack on South Korea.
B)
Communist China invaded it to keep the Nationalist Chinese out.
C)
South Korea attempted to unify both occupation zones of Korea.
D)
South Korea launched an invasion of China.
E)
The Soviet Union joined its North Korean ally in invasion.
30)
Which one of the following had the LEAST to do with trying to establish U.S. primacy in the postwar global economy?
A)
Marshall Plan.
B)
World Bank.
C)
They were equally important
D)
International Monetary Fund.
E)
Council of Economic Advisors.
31)
The 1947 federal "Zeal for Democracy" program promoted strengthening national security and fighting Soviet
communism through
A)
Military investment.
B)
Religion.
C)
Education.
D)
The family.

E)
Women remaining homemakers.
32)
This Eastern European country did NOT join the Warsaw Pact:
A)
Yugoslavia.
Poland.

B)

Romania.

C)
D)

Hungary.

E)
Czechoslovakia.
33)
The 1946 election results saw:
A)
New pro-labor senators and governors.
B)
Popular approval of a term limits amendment to the Constitution.
C)
The return of Republican majorities to both houses of Congress.
D)
Strengthened Democratic majorities in Congress.
E)
The gain of liberals within the Democratic Party.
34)
The Truman Doctrine committed the United States to
A)
Sending combat troop to the Middle East.
B)
Reducing the U.S. military presence abroad.
C)
Reinstating the Monroe Doctrine.
D)
Intervening to prevent further communist takeover attempts.
E)
Supporting United Nations efforts to stabilize countries.
35)
Statistically the "national security state" had 10 percent of federal employees before the war. After World War II's end, the
percentage of the federal work force in national security was
A)
35.
B)
50.
C)
75.

D)
25.
E)
40.
36)
Truman dismisses General MacArthur and armistice talks begin in Korea in
A)
1949.
B)
1950.
C)
1952.
D)
1953.
E)
1951.
37)
Women were encouraged to do the following in the 1950s:
A)
Continue working in the defense industry.
B)
Pursue a college degree.
C)
Balance work and family.
D)
Stay at work so their family could remain middle class.
E)
Quit their jobs and stay home.
38)
The component of the "Fair Deal" that became law was:
A)
A national health insurance plan.
B)

Weakening southern segregation.

C)
Federal aid to education.
D)
An increase in the federal minimum wage.
E)
A national Interstate Highway System.
39)
The United Nations achieved its greatest early success in
A)
Humanitarian aid to victims of World War II.
B)
Slowing down Soviet occupation of Eastern Europe.
C)
Occupying defeated Japan.
D)
Defending human rights in Asia.
E)
Occupying defeated Germany.
40)
The GI bill underwrote these two items and caused a boom in both areas.
A)
Federal employment and defense spending.
B)
Agricultural development and land ownership.
C)
College education and housing.
D)
Technical training and atomic energy jobs.
E)
Auto and television credit plans.
41)
These two trends encouraged a change in the middle-class family:
A)
Higher wages and more college educated parents.
B)
Younger marriages and fewer children.
C)
The baby boom and high rates of consumer spending.
D)
Inflation and higher military spending.

E)
Birth control and returning veterans.
42)
The Manhattan Project was centered in Los Alamos, New Mexico and:
A)
Alamogordo, New Mexico.
B)
Orange County, California.
C)
Sunnyvale, California
D)
Hanford, Washington.
E)
Albuquerque, New Mexico.
43)
President Truman's Executive Order 9835
A)
Ended the draft.
B)
Desegregated the armed forces.
C)
Ended the wartime price and rationing controls.
D)
Established a federal employee loyalty program.
E)
Brought combat troops home rapidly from WWII.
44)
In 1950, Alger Hiss was convicted of:
A)
subversion against the United States.
B)
being a Communist in the 1930s.
C)
spying for Germany during World War II.
D)
passing secrets to the Soviet Union.
E)
perjury before a court.
45)
The following was Stalin's response to the unification of Western Germany:
A)

Stalin stopped all traffic to West Berlin.

B)
Stalin declared a blockade on Poland.
C)
Stalin threatened to use nuclear weapons against the U.S.
D)
The Soviets built the Berlin Wall.
E)
Stalin sought to stop it in the United Nations.
46)
The "Pumpkin Papers" contained
A)
Bureau of Standards data.
B)
State Department information.
C)
A list of all CIA agents.
D)
Atomic secrets.
E)
FBI informants.
47)
The Marshall Plan for European nations reflected the Truman administration's fear of
A)
Military confrontation between the two Germanies.
B)
Atomic testing in Eastern Europe.
C)
A Soviet invasion of Western Europe.
D)
Chinese intervention in Europe.
E)
Political consequences of economic chaos.
48)
While FDR agreed with the Soviet Union and wanted to keep Germany weak, American business and Churchill
advocated
A)
Establishing an agricultural Germany that would not threaten the West.
B)
Building a strong Germany that could serve as a market for goods.
C)

Making Germany an economic colony of the West.

D)
Declaring an Iron Curtain around Germany.
E)
Germany should be forced to pay heavy reparations.
49)
Why did the United States decide to build up the Japanese economy?
A)
This would allow American consumers to buy cheap Japanese goods.
B)
Japan's anger at Germany would be an asset.
C)
Japan would serve in the anti-Soviet bloc.
D)
Japanese consumers would purchase American goods.
E)
American policy makers feared that Japan would become part of the Chinese orbit.
50)
The threatening situation that prompted President Truman to proclaim his foreign policy doctrine was the British inability
to help
A)
Greece and Turkey stabilize.
B)
Albania remain independent.
C)
Rebuild Europe.
D)
South Korea repel North Korea.
E)
Stop the Berlin blockade.
51)
Senator Vandenberg informed Truman that if he wanted to be able to add military spending and increase American world
influence, he would have to
A)
Scare the American voter into pressuring Congress.
B)
Convince the Democrats.
C)
Take the U.S. out of the United Nations.
D)
Allow the Republicans to control Congress.

E)
Increase taxes.
52)
All of the following caused anxiety during the 1950s EXCEPT:
A)
Nuclear proliferation.
B)
The suburbs as prime nuclear targets.
C)
Economic woes.
D)
The belief that the executive branch had become too powerful.
E)
Cold War rhetoric.
53)
Which one of these did NOT happen in 1950?
A)
Hiss convicted
B)
The Korean War begins.
C)
McCarthy begins anti-communist crusade.
D)
NSC-68 is adopted.
E)
Berlin Blockade ends.
54)
The Taft-Hartley Act implemented all of the following EXCEPT:
A)
Union officials had to swear they were not communists.
B)
It forced the closed shop.
C)
Outlawed many practices of the Wagner Act.
D)
It outlawed the secondary boycott.
E)
Union dues could not be used for political activities.
55)
United States involvement in the IMF and World Bank was designed to
A)

Protect American business abroad.

B)
Make sure that the German economy would never recover from the war.
C)
Assure U.S. primacy in the postwar global economy.
D)
Establish interdependent economies.
E)
Isolate the Soviet and Chinese economies.
56)
In 1949 these two events occur that increased the Cold War anxiety of the United States:
A)
The Soviet Union and China ally/the Korean War begins.
B)
China becomes communist/the Soviet Union explodes an atomic bomb.
C)
HUAC hearings are held in Hollywood/the Soviets blockade Berlin.
D)
The Marshall Plan/Truman Doctrine are enacted.
E)
Korean War begins/France tries to occupy Indochina.
57)
While McCarthy initially used this to his advantage, in the 1954 congressional hearings on communism in the army, THIS
worked to his disadvantage:
A)
Paid informants.
B)
Hollywood witnesses.
C)
Media coverage.
D)
Accusations of sexual perversion.
E)
Red herring.
58)
Economists recommended the U.S. should ________ at the end of WWII.
A)
Become more self sufficient.
B)
Search for new markets.
C)

Collect higher taxes.

D)
Balance the budget.
E)
Build up the military.
59)
The importance and key factor in the U.S.-led military alliance can be seen in its name, the ________ ________ Treaty
Organization or NATO.
A)
New Atlantic.
B)
New Weapons.
C)
North Atlantic.
D)
Nuclear Armaments.
E)
North American.
60)
The Dixiecrats bolted the Democratic Party in 1948 election because
A)
Of Truman's endorsement of a plank on racial equality.
B)
Truman attacked organized labor.
C)
They saw the Democrats as becoming socialistic.
D)
Truman attacked the Republican Congress.
E)
Truman rejected Henry Wallace.
61)
The following consequences are the results of the Soviet Union detonating its own atomic bomb in 1949 EXCEPT:
A)
An arms race followed.
B)
The Soviet Union accepted the Atomic Energy Act.
C)
Both super powers felt insecure.
D)
The two super powers were locked in a Cold War.
E)

Both sides were soon testing hydrogen bombs.

62)
Which one of the following was NOT a NATO country?
A)
West Germany.
B)
Great Britain.
C)
France.
D)
Austria.
Italy.

E)

63)
The Truman Doctrine was successful in
A)
Eastern Europe.
B)
Middle East.
C)
Asia.
D)
Western Europe.
E)
South America.
64)
The following caused an increase in federal power:
A)
Civil rights.

B)
Nationalizing the banks.
C)
The space program.
D)
National security.
E)
Increased spending on education.

1)
C

D
C
C
B
A
A
D
C
C
B
D
D
A
E
A
C
B
A
D
B
B
D
D
D
D

2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
7)
8)
9)
10)
11)
12)
13)
14)
15)
16)
17)
18)
19)
20)
21)
22)
23)
24)
25)
26)
27)

D
C
A
E
C
A
C
D
C
E
E
D
A
C
C
D
D
E
A
A
E
B
C
A
A
D

28)
29)
30)
31)
32)
33)
34)
35)
36)
37)
38)
39)
40)
41)
42)
43)
44)
45)
46)
47)
48)
49)
50)
51)
52)

E
B
C
B
C
B
C
A
B
D
D
D

53)
54)
55)
56)
57)
58)
59)
60)
61)
62)
63)
64)