1. not all samples had undergone acoustic emission testing.

The following are

samples that have undergone acoustic emission testing. They can be
classified into two distinct groups namely samples tested by compression and
bending.
2. Starting off with the compression samples
3. Named after joseph kaiser who described that materials only emits acoustic
waves when the previous highest load level is exceeded. This means that AE
counts are only generated when the previous maximum load has been
reached and surpassed. The material or in this case concrete will behave
elastically during unloading and reloading until said previous highest level
has been reached. There should be no or minimal acoustic emission
produced. On the other hand felicity effect is when AE production continous
even when previous highest load level has not yet been achieved.
4. Another way of looking at these effect is with the aid of loading pattern as
seen here in data from fiber and hutu. Kaiser effect is noted during unloading
and reloading until the previous load is reached again. It is noticed that
although the samples have the same mix the AE counts for each samples
vary.
5. Comparing the ordinary and the fiber samples. It can be noticed that nearing
the 100% load the hutu has a more sudden jump in AE production
6. Plotting the AE counts vs the load % the following graphs are achieved
7. When reloading and reaching the previous max load there are times when
there where still AE produced hence the felicity effect. From the previous slide
and this slide the differences between the previous highest load and when it
was achieved again during reloading are noted and compared.
8. Here it can be seen that at loading % ___ ___ __ there is an average
production of AE of aroun __ __ __ for fiber/ hutu
9. To get an idea of how much AE are produced for a specific load %, the slope
was taken as can be seen in the figure wherein the unloading and reloading
to the previous level where not considered.
10.Getting the average of the all fiber and hutu samples with water content
50%...
11.the researchers were able to compare the two. The slope shows that there
is an average Percent difference of 15.5% for every percent load applied to
the concrete.
12.From the testing and processing though fortran, the coordinates and energy
of the elastic waves or the cracks are known. Plotting these data in a bubble
plots helps to understand more about the location and growth of the cracks in
the samples. But visually comparing the plots with each other even in the
same mix showed no trend.
13.
14.For the water content 40% it is noticed that there are more AE counts
produced than the wc50 and that the averaged hutu and fiber AE counts were
identical
15.The percent of the difference from the total AE count are for 50% __ ___ for
fiber and hutu respectively and for 75% __ __

16.The AE production per percent load of fiber is higher than that of hutu as
seen above. Comparing the water content 40% slopes with the water content
50% shows that there are significantly more AE counts produced by a lower
water content
17.
18.At loading ___ and __ the average percent of the total AE produced as a
felicity effect are __ and __ respectively
19.From the slope the amount of the AE production per percent load is found
here at water content 60% which is the highest.
20.Again there are no trend that can be visually be deduced from the bubble
plots generated.
21.
22.Mortar samples showed similar results as with samples with water content
50%. Looking at the difference from the total AE count we see that at loading
__ ,__ , and __ the average AE count that was generated were __, __, and __
respectively
23.The average slope of the mortar sample resulted at 341.5 which is higher
than the hutu and fiber wc50 but still higher than the wc60 and lower to wc40
24.Again no visual trend to the bubble plots
25.Moving on to bending samples
26.
27.Samples obtained were hard to analyzed due to the fact that those with same
mix would tend to have different loading patterns
28.It can be realized that nearing the 100% loading the AE count production
shoots up. This maybe due to the failure of the sample
29.Bending samples tend to have different behaviour after the 100% loading has
been passed. this is because that although samples might have the same
loading pattern and mix. The settlement of the different components of
concrete still varies from sample to sample.
30.It noticeable that AE counts are significantly less in bending samples when
compared to compression samples. Compression samples carries heavier
loads than the bending samples hence the compression samples experience
more damage.
31.Having said earlier that the AE counts shoots up when nearing 100% load, it
can be further be visualized from the figure shown.
32.Difference between previous highest levels showed the following percent
from the total AE counts. Previous highest levels differ from some samples
due to different loading pattern
33.Again same as the fiber the Ae counts significantly increases nearing the
100% loading. But zooming to the data with only a range of 80%, it can be
said that the slope of the sample for is linear
34.Averaging the slopes, the following figures were achieved. As seen in the
slope only a few AE counts ranging from 2.2 to 5.7 are produced for every
percent of load. June samples and hutu samples dont have good R-squared
values due to the shooting up of the AE count near 100% load

35.A visible trend for the bending samples is that the location of the AE are
mostly focused in the center. This can be due the fact that the middle third of
the beam will experience most of the damage. Which can be proved by this
figure.
36. in which a visible cracks occurs in the middle third of the beam which is to
be expected.