PhIlIppIne HIst

ory
Beed 1a
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1
Andy Patricio Bonifacio
Professor

PhIlIppIne HIst
o r y CHAPTER
5
THE PHILIPPINES
UNDER
Spanish rule
(1600s 1800s)

Reporters
Roselyn sabilao

Regine Bruza
MirylynAlcones

Sheree Ann Marie Casin

MatheresaTuale

Joelbyn a. datu

Jonrey Pineda

grachelle Joyce
Jo-ness Mensorado

John ChristoPher
Cabral

MHEAPELIACAGAPE

MarkJohnLorzano

MotIvatIon

Roselyn sabilao
Reasons for Spanish colonization

Political changes
Central government

Sheree Ann Marie Casin

The
Local

AudencIa
Government

Joelbyn a. datu
The city and its government

grachelle Joyce

Propagating the catholic faith

he Union of Church and State

Jo-ness Mensorado
The Church Organization
The Inquisition

he Introduction of Printing

MapehCagape
THE RESIDENCIA
THE VISITA
THE PLAZA COMPLEX

Regine Bruza
The Encomienda
Forced labor

MirylynAlcones
tribute
taxes
Galleon trade

MatheresaTuale
The Mexican Subsidy
The economic society

Jonrey Pineda
The Government Monopolies

John ChristoPher Cabral

The Royal Company

MarkJohnLorzano

conomic development: an overview

THE PHILIPPINES UNDER SPANISH RULE

(1600s 1800s)
Spain - governed the Philippines through the union of church and state
introducing in the process new beliefs institution and practices in the
political economic and religious aspects of peoples lives. The results
though effective and positive fro spain caused hardships for the majority
in the inhabitants except for the few members of the
Class.

MAHARLIKA

Early societys upper class composed of

the chiefs and their families.
Who later emerged as the new class
called PRINCIPALIA

Reasons for Spanish colonization

1. Commercial - the king Charles send Magellan to Moluccas to search for
the spice islands because spices commanded high prices during that
time.
2. Spain claimed the Philippines by RIGHT OF DISCOVERY and by RIGHT
OF ACTUAL OCCUPATION.
CROWN COLONY - the Philippine was under the possession or property
of the king of spain

PolItIcal

changes

Ministry of the colonies or

overseas
Council
of ministry
the Indies - as a Crown colony they administered the
Philippines
Ministry of the

Colonies or Overseas Ministries - in 1863 the Philippines

a colony was placed under there jurisdiction they advised and aided in

Central

government

LAW OF THE INDIES (Spanish :leyos de indies) are the entire body of law
issued by the Spanish crown for its empire.
They regulated social, political and economis life in these areas. The laws are
composed of myriad decrees issued over the centuries and the important laws
of the 16th century, which attempted to regulate the interactions between the
settlers and natives.
Some Spanish Laws that a were also adopted :

**La Novisima Recopilacion

**Leyes de Toro
**Siete Partidas

Governor General -

headed the Central Government

Appointed by the king of Spain

He was the kings official representative in the colony
He possessed vast executive , legislative and judicial power.
He issued order with the force of law. Which were called
superior decrees
The president or presiding officer of the audiencia
He is also vice royal patron in the Philippines
He could appoint minor office in the government including
parish
priest
Branches of
Government
Judicial Commander in chief of the arm forced.
2

Executuve

Royal Decrees -

decrees or orders coming from the king of

spain.
Cumplase - the right of the governor to suspend the operation of
a Royal decree
I OBEY BUT DO NOT COMPY - usual formula in exercising the right
of complase.

The
Audencia -

AudencIa

Established in the Philippines in 1583.

Administer Justice to the Aggrieved people in the colony.

The Highest court in so far as civil and criminal cases were concerned.
Exercised political and administrative powers, if the governor could not
perform his duties.
Governor Santiago De Vera - The First President of Audencia
1589- The year when Audencia was abolished. By the King of Spain.

Local Government

Pacified Provinces- They are already reconizing the authority of spain.

- They were Governed by Civil Provincial Governors

Alcalde mayor -

He was appointed by the Governor General

His salary was smalll but he could collect a part of the tribute to

increase his

income.

Indulto De Comercio - or licensed to trade

Was issued to the Alcalde Mayor. It was meant to prevent them
from using the Polo or Taxes from their own personal needs and conrol the
market.
1884- Indulto De Comercio was Abolished because the Provincial Governor
abused this power and comitted Graft and Corruption.
Town or Municipality- composed of several barrios and governed by the

Gobernadorcillo- also called captain municipal or simply captain. Today he is

called Mayor
-

He was elected by thirteen electors who were prominent in the town.

Six of the electors were former cabezas de barangay

Other six were actual cabezas de barangay
The 13th elector was the outgoing captain
The captain was aided in the administration of the town by deputies called
Tenientes (A chief of police)
and Alguaciles (Subordinate official)
Cabezas de Barangay- was the Leader or chief of a barangay

Aggrieved
Distressed, troubled or
pained.

The

cIty

and

Its

government

2 Cities during the 1st Century of Spanish rule

*Cebu
*Manila

Cities in 17th Century

*Cebu
*Vigan

*Manila
*Nueva Segovia (now Lal lo, Cagayan )

*Arevalo (Now a part of Iloilo)

*Nueva Caceres ( Now Naga)

Ayuntamiento - Council of a municipality consisted of two alcaldes,

twelve regidores (now called councilor a chief of
and few other lesser official .

police a city secretary

PropagatIng

the

catholIc

faIth

AUGUSTINIAN ORDER
ANIMIST RELIGION
CATHOLICISM - spread by the missionaries in different places in the Philippines
FRANCISCAN MISSIONARIES :- Spread CATHOLIC FAITH in Manila , Province near Laguna
de Bay . Camarines and other parts of Bicol provinces in 1577
JESUITS In 1581 they arrived in the Philippines and they spread the Catholic Faith in
Manila , Leyte , Cebu , Bohol , Samar , and in Mindanao .
DOMINICAN - came to Manila in 1587 , spread the Catholic Faith in Manila , Cagayan ,
Region and Pangasinan
RECOLLECT MISSIONARIES came in 1606 and spread the faith in Manila , Bataan ,
Zambales , Mindanao , Masbate , Ticao , Burios , Cuyo , Romblon , Negros and other
parts of Mindanao .

The

UnIon

of

Church and

State

King of Spain - helped in propagating and defending Catholic Faith

Friars - priest but became the member of some agencies of Central Government

The church

organIzatIon

DISTRICTS represented geographic regions that had different dialects or language .

Father Domingo de Salazar first bishop of Manila
Ecclesiastical Government
Bishopric
Archbishopric

The InquIsItIon
The Inquisition was an ecclesiastical office , whose duty weas to search for heretics and
whose guilty of preaching or practicing religious doctrines that were contrary to that of
the Catholic Church .

The resIdencIa and

the vIsIta

King and Ministers of spain introduced two institutions in there colonies

including the Philippines

The

resIdencIa

Was the public investigation and trial of outgoing colonial officials in

order to Ascertain wheather they had committed abuses in the
performance of their

duties.

VisIta

On the other hand was a secret investigation of an officials conduct as a

public servant
GOVERNOR

GENERAL SEBASTIAN HURTADO DE CORCUERA (1635 - 1644)

was a good example when their enemies filed unfounded changes

against him resulting in her imprisonment.

The

plaza

complex

This politico Religious structure or the colonial Government of the

country. The houses of the natives were situated around a place or
town center of bring them close to the church the convent the
municipio the Market place and the Cemetery . The church fasily
regulated the Activities of the Nativities of the natives. Whose
Residence were order the peal of bells or Bajo de Las Campanas.

The EncomIenda
Encomienda - was a legal system that was employed mainly by the Spanish crown
during the Spanish Colonization of the Americas to regulate Native Americans and
Autonomy.
Etymology
The Etymology of Encomienda and the encomenderos lies in the Spanish verb
Encomendero means to entrust
Encomendero - defined as the holder of the Encomienda and the man who
received this favor from encomienda.
3 Kinds of the Encomienda
*Royal encomienda - which belong to the King
*The Ecclesiastical Encomienda - which belong to the church
*The Private Encomienda- which belong to the private Individual.

Forced Labor
Under Forced labor, Filipinos were not paid for their wages. Thay were separated from
their Families by sending them to far-flung Provinces. They were not given food, as
required by law. But instead they had to provide for their own food.

For a Filipino labourer to be exempted from forced labor he had pay a fee called

Falla.

TrIbute
Tribute was a form of recognition of the Filipinos loyalty to the king of
spain.
In order to raise enough the money to finance the construction of
churches, government buildings , roads, bridges, and improvement in

Taxes

transportation and Communication.

Aside from tribute the Filipino paid for other taxes.

Diezmos Prediales - was tax which consisted of one tenth of the produce
of the land.
Donativo de Zamboanga (1635) - was a tax specifically used to conquest of
Jolo.
Vita - was a tax paid by the people of some provinces along the coast
of western Luzon for defense of the coast from Muslim pirates, who
raided the Visayas and Luzon for Slaves that they needed in their

Galleon

trade

Galleon trade - trade along the pacific.

JOLO and MANILA were Trading center of the Archipelago
Manila became a leading commercial center in the region
Ships form Japan, China, Siam ( Thailand ) , India, Cambodia, Malacca and
what is now Indonesia , anchored in Manila

to unload their valuable

cargoes
The Galleon trade was so restrictive that

the prosperity of the

Spaniards in Manila depended solely on the success of the voyage to

and from Mexico.

The Mexican Subsidy

Situado Annual Subsidy that the Mexican Government sent to
the Philippines
1821 - The year when the Mexican subsidy was finally stopped.

The economic society

Governor Basco - Founded the Economic Society of Friends of the country
in 1781 to effectively implement an economic policy in the colony.

Sections of Society
1. Factories and manufactures
2. Industry and popular education
3. Natural History
4. Domestic and foreign commerce
5. Agriculture and Rural economy.

1784 - the society was able to export indigo to Europe for the first
time in Philippines History .
1824 - the Academy of Drawing in Manila was founded and granted
scholarship to those who were interested in the art of dyeing.
1861 - the Society founded an agricultural school in Manila for the
purpose of training farmers in advanced agriculture methods.

The government monopolies

1780- The King issued a decree in ordering the establishment of the Tobacco Monopoly.
1782- actually established in the colony
Provision of the Decree
The Cultivation of Tobacco was prohibited except for the pprovinces selected to grow it.
Contraband sale of Tobacco was Forbidden.
The Government had the exclusive right to purchase all Tobacco products, to inspect and
classify the Tobacco Plant, and to prepare and manufacture cigar and cigarettes.
The Government had right to prohibit the expotation and importation of Tobacco. In
other words, the Government, sale and purchase of Tobacco and its manufacture anto
cigar and cigarettes.
1808- The Government realized a net profit of about 500,000
1880-1881- The net profit amounted to a staggering 3,500,000
The Government also had other monopolies such as those on wine & liquor,

The

Royal

Compan y

Governor Bascos administration was also high lightened by the establishment of the
royal company of the Philippines in 1875. The company had a capital of 8,000,000. This
amount was divided into 32,000 shares costing 250 a share.
Aims of the Company
The aim of these company were to promote the progress of the Philippines by improving
the Foreign Trade of the Colony with the Spain and to develop the natural resources of
the Philippines by encouraging Industry, Manufacturing, And Agriculture.
Because of the incentives, the company failed in its two fold aims. This Failure may be
attributed to the following causes.

The

Royal

Compan y

The Spanish merchants in the Philippines , who had been accustomed to the profitable
Galleon Trade did not cooperate wholeheartedly , with the company.

The company was not able to established direct commercial with Japan, China, and
Indiaresulting in paying higher prices for those commodities than in the country where
they came from.

The company was not well- managed because its officials spent their time in the
activities which are not connected to their company.

Foreign vessels, instead the company vessels, brought to manila such items as
groceries, cannesd good s , wine, and other European Products . Because of this , the

Economic development: an overview

The first 150 years of Spanish rule was characterized by a slow economic
development. Population decreased and uprising and revolts became problem to the
colonial government.

FACTORS ACCOUNTED FOR THE SLOW DEVELOOPMENT OF THE PHILIPPINES ECONOMY

First, most of the Spanish officials were lazy, incompetent and inefficient. Instesd of the
developing the natural resources of the colony, the Spanish officials and mimor
Employees were interested in enriching themselves in office.

Second, there were frequent quarrels among the Spaniards themselves, especially
between the clergy and the Governor General, on one-hand, and the high-ranking
ecclesisticel officials anf the friars curates, on the other.

Under these circumstances, the people became unproductive and

seemingly indolent. There was little economic and social improvement in the life of the
masses, while thte colonial officials and the church hierarchy grow rich.

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Governor Santiago De Vera

FALLA
this fee was unreasonably
high. And often times the
laborer could not afford to
pay for it.