ScottTTransformerConnectionOverview

Largestfurnacetransformerwith105MVAcapacitymanufacturedatSiemenstransformerfactoryinDresden

Transforming3Phaseto2Phase
Therearetwomainreasonsfortheneedtotransformfromthreephasestotwophases,
1. Togiveasupplytoanexistingtwophasesystemfromathreephasesupply.
2. Tosupplytwophasefurnacetransformersfromathreephasesource.
Twophasesystemscanhave3wire,4wire,or5wirecircuits.Itisneededtobeconsideringthata
twophasesystemisnot2/3ofathreephasesystem.Balancedthreewire,twophasecircuitshave
twophasewires,bothcarryingapproximatelythesameamountofcurrent,withaneutralwire
carrying1.414timesthecurrentsinthephasewires.Thephasetoneutralvoltagesare90outof
phasewitheachother.
Twophase4wirecircuitsareessentiallyjusttwoungroundedsinglephasecircuitsthatare
electrically90outofphasewitheachother.Twophase5wirecircuitshavefourphasewiresplus
aneutralthefourphasewiresare90outofphasewitheachother.

ScottTConnection2and3phasewireconnection

Theeasiestwaytotransformthreephasevoltagesintotwophasevoltagesiswithtwoconventional
singlephasetransformers.Thefirsttransformerisconnectedphasetoneutralontheprimary
(threephase)sideandthesecondtransformerisconnectedbetweentheothertwophasesonthe
primaryside.
Thesecondarywindingsofthetwotransformersarethenconnectedtothetwophasecircuit.The
phasetoneutralprimaryvoltageis90outofphasewiththephasetophaseprimaryvoltage,
producingatwophasevoltageacrossthesecondarywindings.Thissimpleconnection,calledtheT
connection,isshowninFigure
ThemainadvantageoftheTconnectionisthatitusestransformerswithstandardprimaryand
secondaryvoltages.ThedisadvantageoftheTconnectionisthatabalancedtwophaseloadstill
producesunbalancedthreephasecurrentsi.e.,thephasecurrentsinthethreephasesystemdo
nothaveequalmagnitudes,theirphaseanglesarenot120apart,andthereisaconsiderable
amountofneutralcurrentthatmustbereturnedtothesource.

TheScottConnectionofTransformer

AScottTtransformer(alsocalledaScottconnection)isatypeofcircuitusedtoderivetwophase
powerfromathreephasesourceorviceversa.TheScottconnectionevenlydistributesabalanced
loadbetweenthephasesofthesource.
ScottTTransformersrequireathreephasepowerinputandprovidetwoequalsinglephase
outputscalledMainandTeaser.TheMainandTeaseroutputsare90degreesoutofphase.The
MAINandtheTeaseroutputsmustnotbeconnectedinparallelorinseriesasitcreatesavector
currentimbalanceontheprimaryside.

MAINandTeaseroutputsareonseparatecores.Anexternaljumperisalsorequiredtoconnect
theprimarysideoftheMAINandTeasersections.
TheschematicofatypicalScottTTransformerisshownbelow:

TypicalScottTTransformerschematicdiagram

ScottTTransformerisbuiltwithtwosinglephasetransformersofequalpowerrating.TheMAIN
andTeasersectionscanbeenclosedinafloormountenclosurewithMAINonthebottomand
Teaserontopwithaconnectingjumpercable.Theycanalsobeplacedsidebysideinseparate
enclosures.
Assumingthedesiredvoltageisthesameonthetwoandthreephasesides,theScottT
transformerconnectionconsistsofacentertapped1:1ratiomaintransformer,T1,andan86.6%
(0.53)ratioteasertransformer,T2.ThecentertappedsideofT1isconnectedbetweentwoofthe
phasesonthethreephaseside.Itscentertapthenconnectstooneendofthelowerturncount
sideofT2,theotherendconnectstotheremainingphase.
Theothersideofthetransformersthenconnectsdirectlytothetwopairsofatwophasefourwire
system.

ScottTconnectionconvert3phaseto2phase

TheScottTtransformerconnectionmaybealsousedinabacktobackTtoTarrangementfora
threephaseto3phaseconnection.ThisisacostsavinginthesmallerkVAtransformersduetothe
2coilTconnectedtoasecondary2coilTinlieuofthetraditionalthreecoilprimarytothreecoil
secondarytransformer.InthisarrangementtheNeutraltapispartwayuponthesecondaryteaser
transformer.
ThevoltagestabilityofthisTtoTarrangementascomparedtothetraditional3coilprimaryto

threecoilsecondarytransformerisquestioned.

KeyPoints
Ifthemaintransformerhasaturnsratioof1:1,thentheteasertransformerrequiresaturnsratio
of0.866:1forbalancedoperation.TheprincipleofoperationoftheScottconnectioncanbemost
easilyseenbyfirstapplyingacurrenttotheteasersecondarywindings,andthenapplyinga
currenttothemainsecondarywinding,calculatingtheprimarycurrentsseparatelyand
superimposingtheresults.

LoadconnectedbetweenphaseY1andphaseY2ofthesecondary:
SecondarycurrentfromtheteaserwindingintophaseX1=1.0<90
SecondarycurrentfromtheteaserwindingintophaseX2=1.0<90
PrimarycurrentfromH3phaseintotheteaserwinding=1.1547<90
PrimarycurrentfromH2phaseintothemainwinding=0.5774<90
PrimarycurrentfromH1phaseintothemainwinding=0.5774<90
ThereasonthattheprimarycurrentfromH3phaseintotheteaserwindingis1.1547dueto
0.866:1turnsratiooftheteaser,transforming1/0.866=1.1547timesthesecondarycurrent.
Thiscurrentmustsplitinhalfatthecentertapofthemainprimarywindingbecauseboth
halvesofthemainprimarywindingarewoundonthesamecoreandthetotalampereturns
ofthemainwindingmustequalzero.

LoadconnectedbetweenphaseX2andphaseX1ofthesecondary:
SecondarycurrentfromthemainwindingintophaseX2=1.0<0
SecondarycurrentfromthemainwindingintophaseX4=1.0<0
PrimarycurrentfromH2phaseintothemainwinding=1.0<0
PrimarycurrentfromH1phaseintothemainwinding=1.0<0
PrimarycurrentfromH3phaseintotheteaserwinding=0
Superimposethetwosetsofprimarycurrents:
IH3=1.1547<90+0=1.1547<90
IH2=0.5774<90+1.0<0=1.1547<30
IH1=0.5774<90+1.0<0=1.1547<210
Noticethattheprimarythreephasecurrentsarebalancedi.e.,thephasecurrentshavethe
samemagnitudeandtheirphaseanglesare120apart.Theapparentpowersuppliedbythe
maintransformerisgreaterthantheapparentpowersuppliedbytheteasertransformer.This
iseasilyverifiedbyobservingthattheprimarycurrentsinbothtransformershavethesame
magnitudehowever,theprimaryvoltageoftheteasertransformerisonly86.6%asgreatas
theprimaryvoltageofthemaintransformer.Therefore,theteasertransformsonly86.6%of
theapparentpowertransformedbythemain.
Wealsoobservethatwhilethetotalrealpowerdeliveredtothetwophaseloadisequalto
thetotalrealpowersuppliedfromthethreephasesystem,thetotalapparentpower
transformedbybothtransformersisgreaterthanthetotalapparentpowerdeliveredtothe
twophaseload.
Theapparentpowertransformedbytheteaseris0.866XIH1=1.0andtheapparentpower

transformedbythemainis1.0XIH2=1.1547foratotalof2.1547ofapparentpower
transformed.
Theadditional0.1547perunitofapparentpowerisduetoparasiticreactivepowerowing
betweenthetwohalvesoftheprimarywindinginthemaintransformer.
SinglephasetransformersusedintheScottconnectionarespecialtyitemsthatarevirtually
impossibletobuyofftheshelfnowadays.Inanemergency,standarddistribution
transformerscanbeused.

AdvantagesoftheScottTConnection
Ifdesired,athreephase,twophase,orsinglephaseloadmaybesuppliedsimultaneously.The
neutralpointscanbeavailableforgroundingorloadingpurposes

Disadvantageswhenusedfor3PhaseLoading
Thistypeofasymmetricalconnection(3phases,2coils),reconstructsthreephasesfrom2
windings.Thiscancauseunequalvoltagedropsinthewindings,resultinginpotentiallyunbalanced
voltagestobeappliedtotheload.
Thetransformationratioofthecoilsandthevoltageobtainedmaybeslightlyunbalanceddueto
manufacturingvariancesoftheinterconnectedcoils.
Thisdesignsneutralhastobesolidlygrounded.Ifitisnotgroundedsolidly,thesecondary
voltagescouldbecomeunstable.Sincethisdesignwillhavealowimpedance,specialcarewillhave
tobetakenontheprimaryprotectionfaultcurrentcapacity.Thiscouldbeanissueifthesystem
wasdesignedforaDeltaStarconnection.
Theinherentsinglephaseconstructionandcharacteristicsofthisconnectionproducesa
comparativelybulkyandheaviertransformerwhencomparedwithanormalthreephase
transformerofthesamerating.

Application
MainapplicationisforForIndustrialFurnaceTransformer.
ForTractionPurpose:Thepowerisobtainedfromthe220kVor132kVor110kVor66kV,
threephase,effectivelyearthedtransmissionnetworkoftheStateElectricityBoard,throughsingle
phasetransformersorScottconnectedtransformerinstalledattheTractionSubstation.Theprimary
windingofthesinglephasetransformerisconnectedtotwophasesofthetransmissionnetworkor
WhereScottconnectedtransformerisused,theprimarywindingsareconnectedtothethree
phasesofthetransmissionnetwork.
ThesinglephasetransformersataTractionSubstationareconnectedtothesametwophasesof
thetransmissionnetwork(referredassinglephaseconnection),oralternativelytodifferentpairsof
phasesthethreesinglephasetransformersformingadeltaconnectionontheprimaryside.Outof

threesinglephasetransformers,onetransformerfeedstheoverheadequipment(OHE)ononeside
oftheTractionSubstation,anotherfeedstheOHEontheothersideoftheTractionSubstation,and
thethirdremainsasstandby.ThusthetwosinglephasetransformerswhichfeedtheOHE
constituteanopendeltaconnection(alternatively,referredasVconnection)onthethreephase
transformersnetwork.
TheScottconnectedtransformerandVconnectedsinglephasetransformersareeffectivein
reducingvoltageimbalanceonthetransmissionnetwork.Thespacingbetweenadjacentsubstations
isnormallybetween70and100km.