The two most common carbon steel piping materials used in the petrochemical industry are

ASTM A53 and ASTM A106

4.1.1.4 Cast iron piping is generally used for nonhazardous service
4.1.2.5 Historically, many of the failures in FRP piping are related to poor construction
practice.
Standardized FRP piping systems
commonly called commodity piping are manufactured for a variety of services
Nipples are normally 6 in.
(152 mm) or less in length and are most often used in vents at piping high points and drains
at piping low points and
used to connect secondary/auxiliary piping.
Threaded joints that are
located adjacent to rotating equipment or other specific sources of high vibration can be
especially susceptible to
failure due to fatigue. Special consideration should be given to these situations.
t. The governing factor in the inspection plan for many piping circuits is the
piping service classification.
In systems
such as tower overhead systems and hydrotreater units where ammonium salts are present,
the corrosion can occur
in the area of the dead-leg where the metal is at the salting or dew-point temperature , In
hot piping systems, the high
point area can corrode due to convective currents set up in the dead-leg.
At concrete-to-air and asphalt-to-air interfaces for buried piping without cathodic protection,
the inspector should look
for evidence that the caulking or seal at the interface has deteriorated and allowed moisture
ingress. If such a
condition exists on piping systems over 10 years old, it may be necessary to inspect for
corrosion beneath the surface
before resealing the joint.
See API 571 for additional information

Ss40004 is a Japanese and Chinese has has their own standard .

Section 2 Part A
The two most common carbon steel piping materials used in the petrochemical industry are
ASTM A53 and ASTM A106
4.1.1.4 Cast iron piping is generally used for nonhazardous service
4.1.2.5 Historically, many of the failures in FRP piping are related to poor construction
practice.
Standardized FRP piping systems
commonly called commodity piping are manufactured for a variety of services
Nipples are normally 6 in.
(152 mm) or less in length and are most often used in vents at piping high points and drains
at piping low points and
used to connect secondary/auxiliary piping.
Threaded joints that are
located adjacent to rotating equipment or other specific sources of high vibration can be
especially susceptible to
failure due to fatigue. Special consideration should be given to these situations.
t. The governing factor in the inspection plan for many piping circuits is the
piping service classification.
In systems
such as tower overhead systems and hydrotreater units where ammonium salts are present,
the corrosion can occur

in the area of the dead-leg where the metal is at the salting or dew-point temperature , In
hot piping systems, the high
point area can corrode due to convective currents set up in the dead-leg.
At concrete-to-air and asphalt-to-air interfaces for buried piping without cathodic protection,
the inspector should look
for evidence that the caulking or seal at the interface has deteriorated and allowed moisture
ingress. If such a
condition exists on piping systems over 10 years old, it may be necessary to inspect for
corrosion beneath the surface
before resealing the joint.
See API 571 for additional information

Ss40004 is a Japanese and Chinese has has their own standard .

Section 2 Part A
The two most common carbon steel piping materials used in the petrochemical industry are
ASTM A53 and ASTM A106
4.1.1.4 Cast iron piping is generally used for nonhazardous service
4.1.2.5 Historically, many of the failures in FRP piping are related to poor construction
practice.
Standardized FRP piping systems
commonly called commodity piping are manufactured for a variety of services
Nipples are normally 6 in.
(152 mm) or less in length and are most often used in vents at piping high points and drains
at piping low points and
used to connect secondary/auxiliary piping.
Threaded joints that are
located adjacent to rotating equipment or other specific sources of high vibration can be
especially susceptible to
failure due to fatigue. Special consideration should be given to these situations.
t. The governing factor in the inspection plan for many piping circuits is the
piping service classification.
In systems
such as tower overhead systems and hydrotreater units where ammonium salts are present,
the corrosion can occur
in the area of the dead-leg where the metal is at the salting or dew-point temperature , In
hot piping systems, the high
point area can corrode due to convective currents set up in the dead-leg.
At concrete-to-air and asphalt-to-air interfaces for buried piping without cathodic protection,
the inspector should look
for evidence that the caulking or seal at the interface has deteriorated and allowed moisture
ingress. If such a
condition exists on piping systems over 10 years old, it may be necessary to inspect for
corrosion beneath the surface
before resealing the joint.
See API 571 for additional information

Ss40004 is a Japanese and Chinese has has their own standard .

Section 2 Part A
The two most common carbon steel piping materials used in the petrochemical industry are
ASTM A53 and ASTM A106
4.1.1.4 Cast iron piping is generally used for nonhazardous service

4.1.2.5 Historically, many of the failures in FRP piping are related to poor construction
practice.
Standardized FRP piping systems
commonly called commodity piping are manufactured for a variety of services
Nipples are normally 6 in.
(152 mm) or less in length and are most often used in vents at piping high points and drains
at piping low points and
used to connect secondary/auxiliary piping.
Threaded joints that are
located adjacent to rotating equipment or other specific sources of high vibration can be
especially susceptible to
failure due to fatigue. Special consideration should be given to these situations.
t. The governing factor in the inspection plan for many piping circuits is the
piping service classification.
In systems
such as tower overhead systems and hydrotreater units where ammonium salts are present,
the corrosion can occur
in the area of the dead-leg where the metal is at the salting or dew-point temperature , In
hot piping systems, the high
point area can corrode due to convective currents set up in the dead-leg.
At concrete-to-air and asphalt-to-air interfaces for buried piping without cathodic protection,
the inspector should look
for evidence that the caulking or seal at the interface has deteriorated and allowed moisture
ingress. If such a
condition exists on piping systems over 10 years old, it may be necessary to inspect for
corrosion beneath the surface
before resealing the joint.
See API 571 for additional information

Ss40004 is a Japanese and Chinese has has their own standard .

Section 2 Part A
The two most common carbon steel piping materials used in the petrochemical industry are
ASTM A53 and ASTM A106
4.1.1.4 Cast iron piping is generally used for nonhazardous service
4.1.2.5 Historically, many of the failures in FRP piping are related to poor construction
practice.
Standardized FRP piping systems
commonly called commodity piping are manufactured for a variety of services
Nipples are normally 6 in.
(152 mm) or less in length and are most often used in vents at piping high points and drains
at piping low points and
used to connect secondary/auxiliary piping.
Threaded joints that are
located adjacent to rotating equipment or other specific sources of high vibration can be
especially susceptible to
failure due to fatigue. Special consideration should be given to these situations.
t. The governing factor in the inspection plan for many piping circuits is the
piping service classification.
In systems
such as tower overhead systems and hydrotreater units where ammonium salts are present,
the corrosion can occur
in the area of the dead-leg where the metal is at the salting or dew-point temperature , In
hot piping systems, the high
point area can corrode due to convective currents set up in the dead-leg.

At concrete-to-air and asphalt-to-air interfaces for buried piping without cathodic protection,
the inspector should look
for evidence that the caulking or seal at the interface has deteriorated and allowed moisture
ingress. If such a
condition exists on piping systems over 10 years old, it may be necessary to inspect for
corrosion beneath the surface
before resealing the joint.
See API 571 for additional information

Ss40004 is a Japanese and Chinese has has their own standard .

Section 2 Part A
The two most common carbon steel piping materials used in the petrochemical industry are
ASTM A53 and ASTM A106
4.1.1.4 Cast iron piping is generally used for nonhazardous service
4.1.2.5 Historically, many of the failures in FRP piping are related to poor construction
practice.
Standardized FRP piping systems
commonly called commodity piping are manufactured for a variety of services
Nipples are normally 6 in.
(152 mm) or less in length and are most often used in vents at piping high points and drains
at piping low points and
used to connect secondary/auxiliary piping.
Threaded joints that are
located adjacent to rotating equipment or other specific sources of high vibration can be
especially susceptible to
failure due to fatigue. Special consideration should be given to these situations.
t. The governing factor in the inspection plan for many piping circuits is the
piping service classification.
In systems
such as tower overhead systems and hydrotreater units where ammonium salts are present,
the corrosion can occur
in the area of the dead-leg where the metal is at the salting or dew-point temperature , In
hot piping systems, the high
point area can corrode due to convective currents set up in the dead-leg.
At concrete-to-air and asphalt-to-air interfaces for buried piping without cathodic protection,
the inspector should look
for evidence that the caulking or seal at the interface has deteriorated and allowed moisture
ingress. If such a
condition exists on piping systems over 10 years old, it may be necessary to inspect for
corrosion beneath the surface
before resealing the joint.
See API 571 for additional information

Ss40004 is a Japanese and Chinese has has their own standard .

Section 2 Part A
The two most common carbon steel piping materials used in the petrochemical industry are
ASTM A53 and ASTM A106
4.1.1.4 Cast iron piping is generally used for nonhazardous service
4.1.2.5 Historically, many of the failures in FRP piping are related to poor construction
practice.
Standardized FRP piping systems
commonly called commodity piping are manufactured for a variety of services

Nipples are normally 6 in.

(152 mm) or less in length and are most often used in vents at piping high points and drains
at piping low points and
used to connect secondary/auxiliary piping.
Threaded joints that are
located adjacent to rotating equipment or other specific sources of high vibration can be
especially susceptible to
failure due to fatigue. Special consideration should be given to these situations.
t. The governing factor in the inspection plan for many piping circuits is the
piping service classification.
In systems
such as tower overhead systems and hydrotreater units where ammonium salts are present,
the corrosion can occur
in the area of the dead-leg where the metal is at the salting or dew-point temperature , In
hot piping systems, the high
point area can corrode due to convective currents set up in the dead-leg.
At concrete-to-air and asphalt-to-air interfaces for buried piping without cathodic protection,
the inspector should look
for evidence that the caulking or seal at the interface has deteriorated and allowed moisture
ingress. If such a
condition exists on piping systems over 10 years old, it may be necessary to inspect for
corrosion beneath the surface
before resealing the joint.
See API 571 for additional information

Ss40004 is a Japanese and Chinese has has their own standard .

Section 2 Part A
The two most common carbon steel piping materials used in the petrochemical industry are
ASTM A53 and ASTM A106
4.1.1.4 Cast iron piping is generally used for nonhazardous service
4.1.2.5 Historically, many of the failures in FRP piping are related to poor construction
practice.
Standardized FRP piping systems
commonly called commodity piping are manufactured for a variety of services
Nipples are normally 6 in.
(152 mm) or less in length and are most often used in vents at piping high points and drains
at piping low points and
used to connect secondary/auxiliary piping.
Threaded joints that are
located adjacent to rotating equipment or other specific sources of high vibration can be
especially susceptible to
failure due to fatigue. Special consideration should be given to these situations.
t. The governing factor in the inspection plan for many piping circuits is the
piping service classification.
In systems
such as tower overhead systems and hydrotreater units where ammonium salts are present,
the corrosion can occur
in the area of the dead-leg where the metal is at the salting or dew-point temperature , In
hot piping systems, the high
point area can corrode due to convective currents set up in the dead-leg.
At concrete-to-air and asphalt-to-air interfaces for buried piping without cathodic protection,
the inspector should look
for evidence that the caulking or seal at the interface has deteriorated and allowed moisture
ingress. If such a

condition exists on piping systems over 10 years old, it may be necessary to inspect for
corrosion beneath the surface
before resealing the joint.
See API 571 for additional information

Ss40004 is a Japanese and Chinese has has their own standard .

Section 2 Part A
The two most common carbon steel piping materials used in the petrochemical industry are
ASTM A53 and ASTM A106
4.1.1.4 Cast iron piping is generally used for nonhazardous service
4.1.2.5 Historically, many of the failures in FRP piping are related to poor construction
practice.
Standardized FRP piping systems
commonly called commodity piping are manufactured for a variety of services
Nipples are normally 6 in.
(152 mm) or less in length and are most often used in vents at piping high points and drains
at piping low points and
used to connect secondary/auxiliary piping.
Threaded joints that are
located adjacent to rotating equipment or other specific sources of high vibration can be
especially susceptible to
failure due to fatigue. Special consideration should be given to these situations.
t. The governing factor in the inspection plan for many piping circuits is the
piping service classification.
In systems
such as tower overhead systems and hydrotreater units where ammonium salts are present,
the corrosion can occur
in the area of the dead-leg where the metal is at the salting or dew-point temperature , In
hot piping systems, the high
point area can corrode due to convective currents set up in the dead-leg.
At concrete-to-air and asphalt-to-air interfaces for buried piping without cathodic protection,
the inspector should look
for evidence that the caulking or seal at the interface has deteriorated and allowed moisture
ingress. If such a
condition exists on piping systems over 10 years old, it may be necessary to inspect for
corrosion beneath the surface
before resealing the joint.
See API 571 for additional information

Ss40004 is a Japanese and Chinese has has their own standard .

Section 2 Part A
The two most common carbon steel piping materials used in the petrochemical industry are
ASTM A53 and ASTM A106
4.1.1.4 Cast iron piping is generally used for nonhazardous service
4.1.2.5 Historically, many of the failures in FRP piping are related to poor construction
practice.
Standardized FRP piping systems
commonly called commodity piping are manufactured for a variety of services
Nipples are normally 6 in.
(152 mm) or less in length and are most often used in vents at piping high points and drains
at piping low points and
used to connect secondary/auxiliary piping.

Threaded joints that are

located adjacent to rotating equipment or other specific sources of high vibration can be
especially susceptible to
failure due to fatigue. Special consideration should be given to these situations.
t. The governing factor in the inspection plan for many piping circuits is the
piping service classification.
In systems
such as tower overhead systems and hydrotreater units where ammonium salts are present,
the corrosion can occur
in the area of the dead-leg where the metal is at the salting or dew-point temperature , In
hot piping systems, the high
point area can corrode due to convective currents set up in the dead-leg.
At concrete-to-air and asphalt-to-air interfaces for buried piping without cathodic protection,
the inspector should look
for evidence that the caulking or seal at the interface has deteriorated and allowed moisture
ingress. If such a
condition exists on piping systems over 10 years old, it may be necessary to inspect for
corrosion beneath the surface
before resealing the joint.
See API 571 for additional information

Ss40004 is a Japanese and Chinese has has their own standard .

Section 2 Part A
The two most common carbon steel piping materials used in the petrochemical industry are
ASTM A53 and ASTM A106
4.1.1.4 Cast iron piping is generally used for nonhazardous service
4.1.2.5 Historically, many of the failures in FRP piping are related to poor construction
practice.
Standardized FRP piping systems
commonly called commodity piping are manufactured for a variety of services
Nipples are normally 6 in.
(152 mm) or less in length and are most often used in vents at piping high points and drains
at piping low points and
used to connect secondary/auxiliary piping.
Threaded joints that are
located adjacent to rotating equipment or other specific sources of high vibration can be
especially susceptible to
failure due to fatigue. Special consideration should be given to these situations.
t. The governing factor in the inspection plan for many piping circuits is the
piping service classification.
In systems
such as tower overhead systems and hydrotreater units where ammonium salts are present,
the corrosion can occur
in the area of the dead-leg where the metal is at the salting or dew-point temperature , In
hot piping systems, the high
point area can corrode due to convective currents set up in the dead-leg.
At concrete-to-air and asphalt-to-air interfaces for buried piping without cathodic protection,
the inspector should look
for evidence that the caulking or seal at the interface has deteriorated and allowed moisture
ingress. If such a
condition exists on piping systems over 10 years old, it may be necessary to inspect for
corrosion beneath the surface
before resealing the joint.
See API 571 for additional information

Ss40004 is a Japanese and Chinese has has their own standard .

Section 2 Part A
The two most common carbon steel piping materials used in the petrochemical industry are
ASTM A53 and ASTM A106
4.1.1.4 Cast iron piping is generally used for nonhazardous service
4.1.2.5 Historically, many of the failures in FRP piping are related to poor construction
practice.
Standardized FRP piping systems
commonly called commodity piping are manufactured for a variety of services
Nipples are normally 6 in.
(152 mm) or less in length and are most often used in vents at piping high points and drains
at piping low points and
used to connect secondary/auxiliary piping.
Threaded joints that are
located adjacent to rotating equipment or other specific sources of high vibration can be
especially susceptible to
failure due to fatigue. Special consideration should be given to these situations.
t. The governing factor in the inspection plan for many piping circuits is the
piping service classification.
In systems
such as tower overhead systems and hydrotreater units where ammonium salts are present,
the corrosion can occur
in the area of the dead-leg where the metal is at the salting or dew-point temperature , In
hot piping systems, the high
point area can corrode due to convective currents set up in the dead-leg.
At concrete-to-air and asphalt-to-air interfaces for buried piping without cathodic protection,
the inspector should look
for evidence that the caulking or seal at the interface has deteriorated and allowed moisture
ingress. If such a
condition exists on piping systems over 10 years old, it may be necessary to inspect for
corrosion beneath the surface
before resealing the joint.
See API 571 for additional information

Ss40004 is a Japanese and Chinese has has their own standard .

Section 2 Part A
The two most common carbon steel piping materials used in the petrochemical industry are
ASTM A53 and ASTM A106
4.1.1.4 Cast iron piping is generally used for nonhazardous service
4.1.2.5 Historically, many of the failures in FRP piping are related to poor construction
practice.
Standardized FRP piping systems
commonly called commodity piping are manufactured for a variety of services
Nipples are normally 6 in.
(152 mm) or less in length and are most often used in vents at piping high points and drains
at piping low points and
used to connect secondary/auxiliary piping.
Threaded joints that are
located adjacent to rotating equipment or other specific sources of high vibration can be
especially susceptible to
failure due to fatigue. Special consideration should be given to these situations.

t. The governing factor in the inspection plan for many piping circuits is the
piping service classification.
In systems
such as tower overhead systems and hydrotreater units where ammonium salts are present,
the corrosion can occur
in the area of the dead-leg where the metal is at the salting or dew-point temperature , In
hot piping systems, the high
point area can corrode due to convective currents set up in the dead-leg.
At concrete-to-air and asphalt-to-air interfaces for buried piping without cathodic protection,
the inspector should look
for evidence that the caulking or seal at the interface has deteriorated and allowed moisture
ingress. If such a
condition exists on piping systems over 10 years old, it may be necessary to inspect for
corrosion beneath the surface
before resealing the joint.
See API 571 for additional information

Ss40004 is a Japanese and Chinese has has their own standard .

Section 2 Part A
The two most common carbon steel piping materials used in the petrochemical industry are
ASTM A53 and ASTM A106
4.1.1.4 Cast iron piping is generally used for nonhazardous service
4.1.2.5 Historically, many of the failures in FRP piping are related to poor construction
practice.
Standardized FRP piping systems
commonly called commodity piping are manufactured for a variety of services
Nipples are normally 6 in.
(152 mm) or less in length and are most often used in vents at piping high points and drains
at piping low points and
used to connect secondary/auxiliary piping.
Threaded joints that are
located adjacent to rotating equipment or other specific sources of high vibration can be
especially susceptible to
failure due to fatigue. Special consideration should be given to these situations.
t. The governing factor in the inspection plan for many piping circuits is the
piping service classification.
In systems
such as tower overhead systems and hydrotreater units where ammonium salts are present,
the corrosion can occur
in the area of the dead-leg where the metal is at the salting or dew-point temperature , In
hot piping systems, the high
point area can corrode due to convective currents set up in the dead-leg.
At concrete-to-air and asphalt-to-air interfaces for buried piping without cathodic protection,
the inspector should look
for evidence that the caulking or seal at the interface has deteriorated and allowed moisture
ingress. If such a
condition exists on piping systems over 10 years old, it may be necessary to inspect for
corrosion beneath the surface
before resealing the joint.
See API 571 for additional information

Ss40004 is a Japanese and Chinese has has their own standard .

Section 2 Part A

The two most common carbon steel piping materials used in the petrochemical industry are
ASTM A53 and ASTM A106
4.1.1.4 Cast iron piping is generally used for nonhazardous service
4.1.2.5 Historically, many of the failures in FRP piping are related to poor construction
practice.
Standardized FRP piping systems
commonly called commodity piping are manufactured for a variety of services
Nipples are normally 6 in.
(152 mm) or less in length and are most often used in vents at piping high points and drains
at piping low points and
used to connect secondary/auxiliary piping.
Threaded joints that are
located adjacent to rotating equipment or other specific sources of high vibration can be
especially susceptible to
failure due to fatigue. Special consideration should be given to these situations.
t. The governing factor in the inspection plan for many piping circuits is the
piping service classification.
In systems
such as tower overhead systems and hydrotreater units where ammonium salts are present,
the corrosion can occur
in the area of the dead-leg where the metal is at the salting or dew-point temperature , In
hot piping systems, the high
point area can corrode due to convective currents set up in the dead-leg.
At concrete-to-air and asphalt-to-air interfaces for buried piping without cathodic protection,
the inspector should look
for evidence that the caulking or seal at the interface has deteriorated and allowed moisture
ingress. If such a
condition exists on piping systems over 10 years old, it may be necessary to inspect for
corrosion beneath the surface
before resealing the joint.
See API 571 for additional information

Ss40004 is a Japanese and Chinese has has their own standard .

Section 2 Part A
The two most common carbon steel piping materials used in the petrochemical industry are
ASTM A53 and ASTM A106
4.1.1.4 Cast iron piping is generally used for nonhazardous service
4.1.2.5 Historically, many of the failures in FRP piping are related to poor construction
practice.
Standardized FRP piping systems
commonly called commodity piping are manufactured for a variety of services
Nipples are normally 6 in.
(152 mm) or less in length and are most often used in vents at piping high points and drains
at piping low points and
used to connect secondary/auxiliary piping.
Threaded joints that are
located adjacent to rotating equipment or other specific sources of high vibration can be
especially susceptible to
failure due to fatigue. Special consideration should be given to these situations.
t. The governing factor in the inspection plan for many piping circuits is the
piping service classification.
In systems

such as tower overhead systems and hydrotreater units where ammonium salts are present,
the corrosion can occur
in the area of the dead-leg where the metal is at the salting or dew-point temperature , In
hot piping systems, the high
point area can corrode due to convective currents set up in the dead-leg.
At concrete-to-air and asphalt-to-air interfaces for buried piping without cathodic protection,
the inspector should look
for evidence that the caulking or seal at the interface has deteriorated and allowed moisture
ingress. If such a
condition exists on piping systems over 10 years old, it may be necessary to inspect for
corrosion beneath the surface
before resealing the joint.
See API 571 for additional information

Ss40004 is a Japanese and Chinese has has their own standard .

Section 2 Part A
The two most common carbon steel piping materials used in the petrochemical industry are
ASTM A53 and ASTM A106
4.1.1.4 Cast iron piping is generally used for nonhazardous service
4.1.2.5 Historically, many of the failures in FRP piping are related to poor construction
practice.
Standardized FRP piping systems
commonly called commodity piping are manufactured for a variety of services
Nipples are normally 6 in.
(152 mm) or less in length and are most often used in vents at piping high points and drains
at piping low points and
used to connect secondary/auxiliary piping.
Threaded joints that are
located adjacent to rotating equipment or other specific sources of high vibration can be
especially susceptible to
failure due to fatigue. Special consideration should be given to these situations.
t. The governing factor in the inspection plan for many piping circuits is the
piping service classification.
In systems
such as tower overhead systems and hydrotreater units where ammonium salts are present,
the corrosion can occur
in the area of the dead-leg where the metal is at the salting or dew-point temperature , In
hot piping systems, the high
point area can corrode due to convective currents set up in the dead-leg.
At concrete-to-air and asphalt-to-air interfaces for buried piping without cathodic protection,
the inspector should look
for evidence that the caulking or seal at the interface has deteriorated and allowed moisture
ingress. If such a
condition exists on piping systems over 10 years old, it may be necessary to inspect for
corrosion beneath the surface
before resealing the joint.
See API 571 for additional information

Ss40004 is a Japanese and Chinese has has their own standard .

Section 2 Part A
The two most common carbon steel piping materials used in the petrochemical industry are
ASTM A53 and ASTM A106

4.1.1.4 Cast iron piping is generally used for nonhazardous service

4.1.2.5 Historically, many of the failures in FRP piping are related to poor construction
practice.
Standardized FRP piping systems
commonly called commodity piping are manufactured for a variety of services
Nipples are normally 6 in.
(152 mm) or less in length and are most often used in vents at piping high points and drains
at piping low points and
used to connect secondary/auxiliary piping.
Threaded joints that are
located adjacent to rotating equipment or other specific sources of high vibration can be
especially susceptible to
failure due to fatigue. Special consideration should be given to these situations.
t. The governing factor in the inspection plan for many piping circuits is the
piping service classification.
In systems
such as tower overhead systems and hydrotreater units where ammonium salts are present,
the corrosion can occur
in the area of the dead-leg where the metal is at the salting or dew-point temperature , In
hot piping systems, the high
point area can corrode due to convective currents set up in the dead-leg.
At concrete-to-air and asphalt-to-air interfaces for buried piping without cathodic protection,
the inspector should look
for evidence that the caulking or seal at the interface has deteriorated and allowed moisture
ingress. If such a
condition exists on piping systems over 10 years old, it may be necessary to inspect for
corrosion beneath the surface
before resealing the joint.
See API 571 for additional information

Ss40004 is a Japanese and Chinese has has their own standard .

Section 2 Part A
The two most common carbon steel piping materials used in the petrochemical industry are
ASTM A53 and ASTM A106
4.1.1.4 Cast iron piping is generally used for nonhazardous service
4.1.2.5 Historically, many of the failures in FRP piping are related to poor construction
practice.
Standardized FRP piping systems
commonly called commodity piping are manufactured for a variety of services
Nipples are normally 6 in.
(152 mm) or less in length and are most often used in vents at piping high points and drains
at piping low points and
used to connect secondary/auxiliary piping.
Threaded joints that are
located adjacent to rotating equipment or other specific sources of high vibration can be
especially susceptible to
failure due to fatigue. Special consideration should be given to these situations.
t. The governing factor in the inspection plan for many piping circuits is the
piping service classification.
In systems
such as tower overhead systems and hydrotreater units where ammonium salts are present,
the corrosion can occur
in the area of the dead-leg where the metal is at the salting or dew-point temperature , In
hot piping systems, the high

point area can corrode due to convective currents set up in the dead-leg.
At concrete-to-air and asphalt-to-air interfaces for buried piping without cathodic protection,
the inspector should look
for evidence that the caulking or seal at the interface has deteriorated and allowed moisture
ingress. If such a
condition exists on piping systems over 10 years old, it may be necessary to inspect for
corrosion beneath the surface
before resealing the joint.
See API 571 for additional information

Ss40004 is a Japanese and Chinese has has their own standard .

Section 2 Part A
The two most common carbon steel piping materials used in the petrochemical industry are
ASTM A53 and ASTM A106
4.1.1.4 Cast iron piping is generally used for nonhazardous service
4.1.2.5 Historically, many of the failures in FRP piping are related to poor construction
practice.
Standardized FRP piping systems
commonly called commodity piping are manufactured for a variety of services
Nipples are normally 6 in.
(152 mm) or less in length and are most often used in vents at piping high points and drains
at piping low points and
used to connect secondary/auxiliary piping.
Threaded joints that are
located adjacent to rotating equipment or other specific sources of high vibration can be
especially susceptible to
failure due to fatigue. Special consideration should be given to these situations.
t. The governing factor in the inspection plan for many piping circuits is the
piping service classification.
In systems
such as tower overhead systems and hydrotreater units where ammonium salts are present,
the corrosion can occur
in the area of the dead-leg where the metal is at the salting or dew-point temperature , In
hot piping systems, the high
point area can corrode due to convective currents set up in the dead-leg.
At concrete-to-air and asphalt-to-air interfaces for buried piping without cathodic protection,
the inspector should look
for evidence that the caulking or seal at the interface has deteriorated and allowed moisture
ingress. If such a
condition exists on piping systems over 10 years old, it may be necessary to inspect for
corrosion beneath the surface
before resealing the joint.
See API 571 for additional information

Ss40004 is a Japanese and Chinese has has their own standard .

Section 2 Part A
The two most common carbon steel piping materials used in the petrochemical industry are
ASTM A53 and ASTM A106
4.1.1.4 Cast iron piping is generally used for nonhazardous service
4.1.2.5 Historically, many of the failures in FRP piping are related to poor construction
practice.
Standardized FRP piping systems

commonly called commodity piping are manufactured for a variety of services

Nipples are normally 6 in.
(152 mm) or less in length and are most often used in vents at piping high points and drains
at piping low points and
used to connect secondary/auxiliary piping.
Threaded joints that are
located adjacent to rotating equipment or other specific sources of high vibration can be
especially susceptible to
failure due to fatigue. Special consideration should be given to these situations.
t. The governing factor in the inspection plan for many piping circuits is the
piping service classification.
In systems
such as tower overhead systems and hydrotreater units where ammonium salts are present,
the corrosion can occur
in the area of the dead-leg where the metal is at the salting or dew-point temperature , In
hot piping systems, the high
point area can corrode due to convective currents set up in the dead-leg.
At concrete-to-air and asphalt-to-air interfaces for buried piping without cathodic protection,
the inspector should look
for evidence that the caulking or seal at the interface has deteriorated and allowed moisture
ingress. If such a
condition exists on piping systems over 10 years old, it may be necessary to inspect for
corrosion beneath the surface
before resealing the joint.
See API 571 for additional information

Ss40004 is a Japanese and Chinese has has their own standard .

Section 2 Part A
The two most common carbon steel piping materials used in the petrochemical industry are
ASTM A53 and ASTM A106
4.1.1.4 Cast iron piping is generally used for nonhazardous service
4.1.2.5 Historically, many of the failures in FRP piping are related to poor construction
practice.
Standardized FRP piping systems
commonly called commodity piping are manufactured for a variety of services
Nipples are normally 6 in.
(152 mm) or less in length and are most often used in vents at piping high points and drains
at piping low points and
used to connect secondary/auxiliary piping.
Threaded joints that are
located adjacent to rotating equipment or other specific sources of high vibration can be
especially susceptible to
failure due to fatigue. Special consideration should be given to these situations.
t. The governing factor in the inspection plan for many piping circuits is the
piping service classification.
In systems
such as tower overhead systems and hydrotreater units where ammonium salts are present,
the corrosion can occur
in the area of the dead-leg where the metal is at the salting or dew-point temperature , In
hot piping systems, the high
point area can corrode due to convective currents set up in the dead-leg.
At concrete-to-air and asphalt-to-air interfaces for buried piping without cathodic protection,
the inspector should look

for evidence that the caulking or seal at the interface has deteriorated and allowed moisture
ingress. If such a
condition exists on piping systems over 10 years old, it may be necessary to inspect for
corrosion beneath the surface
before resealing the joint.
See API 571 for additional information

Ss40004 is a Japanese and Chinese has has their own standard .

Section 2 Part A
The two most common carbon steel piping materials used in the petrochemical industry are
ASTM A53 and ASTM A106
4.1.1.4 Cast iron piping is generally used for nonhazardous service
4.1.2.5 Historically, many of the failures in FRP piping are related to poor construction
practice.
Standardized FRP piping systems
commonly called commodity piping are manufactured for a variety of services
Nipples are normally 6 in.
(152 mm) or less in length and are most often used in vents at piping high points and drains
at piping low points and
used to connect secondary/auxiliary piping.
Threaded joints that are
located adjacent to rotating equipment or other specific sources of high vibration can be
especially susceptible to
failure due to fatigue. Special consideration should be given to these situations.
t. The governing factor in the inspection plan for many piping circuits is the
piping service classification.
In systems
such as tower overhead systems and hydrotreater units where ammonium salts are present,
the corrosion can occur
in the area of the dead-leg where the metal is at the salting or dew-point temperature , In
hot piping systems, the high
point area can corrode due to convective currents set up in the dead-leg.
At concrete-to-air and asphalt-to-air interfaces for buried piping without cathodic protection,
the inspector should look
for evidence that the caulking or seal at the interface has deteriorated and allowed moisture
ingress. If such a
condition exists on piping systems over 10 years old, it may be necessary to inspect for
corrosion beneath the surface
before resealing the joint.
See API 571 for additional information

Ss40004 is a Japanese and Chinese has has their own standard .

Section 2 Part A
The two most common carbon steel piping materials used in the petrochemical industry are
ASTM A53 and ASTM A106
4.1.1.4 Cast iron piping is generally used for nonhazardous service
4.1.2.5 Historically, many of the failures in FRP piping are related to poor construction
practice.
Standardized FRP piping systems
commonly called commodity piping are manufactured for a variety of services
Nipples are normally 6 in.

(152 mm) or less in length and are most often used in vents at piping high points and drains
at piping low points and
used to connect secondary/auxiliary piping.
Threaded joints that are
located adjacent to rotating equipment or other specific sources of high vibration can be
especially susceptible to
failure due to fatigue. Special consideration should be given to these situations.
t. The governing factor in the inspection plan for many piping circuits is the
piping service classification.
In systems
such as tower overhead systems and hydrotreater units where ammonium salts are present,
the corrosion can occur
in the area of the dead-leg where the metal is at the salting or dew-point temperature , In
hot piping systems, the high
point area can corrode due to convective currents set up in the dead-leg.
At concrete-to-air and asphalt-to-air interfaces for buried piping without cathodic protection,
the inspector should look
for evidence that the caulking or seal at the interface has deteriorated and allowed moisture
ingress. If such a
condition exists on piping systems over 10 years old, it may be necessary to inspect for
corrosion beneath the surface
before resealing the joint.
See API 571 for additional information

Ss40004 is a Japanese and Chinese has has their own standard .

Section 2 Part A
The two most common carbon steel piping materials used in the petrochemical industry are
ASTM A53 and ASTM A106
4.1.1.4 Cast iron piping is generally used for nonhazardous service
4.1.2.5 Historically, many of the failures in FRP piping are related to poor construction
practice.
Standardized FRP piping systems
commonly called commodity piping are manufactured for a variety of services
Nipples are normally 6 in.
(152 mm) or less in length and are most often used in vents at piping high points and drains
at piping low points and
used to connect secondary/auxiliary piping.
Threaded joints that are
located adjacent to rotating equipment or other specific sources of high vibration can be
especially susceptible to
failure due to fatigue. Special consideration should be given to these situations.
t. The governing factor in the inspection plan for many piping circuits is the
piping service classification.
In systems
such as tower overhead systems and hydrotreater units where ammonium salts are present,
the corrosion can occur
in the area of the dead-leg where the metal is at the salting or dew-point temperature , In
hot piping systems, the high
point area can corrode due to convective currents set up in the dead-leg.
At concrete-to-air and asphalt-to-air interfaces for buried piping without cathodic protection,
the inspector should look
for evidence that the caulking or seal at the interface has deteriorated and allowed moisture
ingress. If such a

condition exists on piping systems over 10 years old, it may be necessary to inspect for
corrosion beneath the surface
before resealing the joint.
See API 571 for additional information

Ss40004 is a Japanese and Chinese has has their own standard .

Section 2 Part A
The two most common carbon steel piping materials used in the petrochemical industry are
ASTM A53 and ASTM A106
4.1.1.4 Cast iron piping is generally used for nonhazardous service
4.1.2.5 Historically, many of the failures in FRP piping are related to poor construction
practice.
Standardized FRP piping systems
commonly called commodity piping are manufactured for a variety of services
Nipples are normally 6 in.
(152 mm) or less in length and are most often used in vents at piping high points and drains
at piping low points and
used to connect secondary/auxiliary piping.
Threaded joints that are
located adjacent to rotating equipment or other specific sources of high vibration can be
especially susceptible to
failure due to fatigue. Special consideration should be given to these situations.
t. The governing factor in the inspection plan for many piping circuits is the
piping service classification.
In systems
such as tower overhead systems and hydrotreater units where ammonium salts are present,
the corrosion can occur
in the area of the dead-leg where the metal is at the salting or dew-point temperature , In
hot piping systems, the high
point area can corrode due to convective currents set up in the dead-leg.
At concrete-to-air and asphalt-to-air interfaces for buried piping without cathodic protection,
the inspector should look
for evidence that the caulking or seal at the interface has deteriorated and allowed moisture
ingress. If such a
condition exists on piping systems over 10 years old, it may be necessary to inspect for
corrosion beneath the surface
before resealing the joint.
See API 571 for additional information

Ss40004 is a Japanese and Chinese has has their own standard .

Section 2 Part A
The two most common carbon steel piping materials used in the petrochemical industry are
ASTM A53 and ASTM A106
4.1.1.4 Cast iron piping is generally used for nonhazardous service
4.1.2.5 Historically, many of the failures in FRP piping are related to poor construction
practice.
Standardized FRP piping systems
commonly called commodity piping are manufactured for a variety of services
Nipples are normally 6 in.
(152 mm) or less in length and are most often used in vents at piping high points and drains
at piping low points and
used to connect secondary/auxiliary piping.

Threaded joints that are

located adjacent to rotating equipment or other specific sources of high vibration can be
especially susceptible to
failure due to fatigue. Special consideration should be given to these situations.
t. The governing factor in the inspection plan for many piping circuits is the
piping service classification.
In systems
such as tower overhead systems and hydrotreater units where ammonium salts are present,
the corrosion can occur
in the area of the dead-leg where the metal is at the salting or dew-point temperature , In
hot piping systems, the high
point area can corrode due to convective currents set up in the dead-leg.
At concrete-to-air and asphalt-to-air interfaces for buried piping without cathodic protection,
the inspector should look
for evidence that the caulking or seal at the interface has deteriorated and allowed moisture
ingress. If such a
condition exists on piping systems over 10 years old, it may be necessary to inspect for
corrosion beneath the surface
before resealing the joint.
See API 571 for additional information

Ss40004 is a Japanese and Chinese has has their own standard .

Section 2 Part A
The two most common carbon steel piping materials used in the petrochemical industry are
ASTM A53 and ASTM A106
4.1.1.4 Cast iron piping is generally used for nonhazardous service
4.1.2.5 Historically, many of the failures in FRP piping are related to poor construction
practice.
Standardized FRP piping systems
commonly called commodity piping are manufactured for a variety of services
Nipples are normally 6 in.
(152 mm) or less in length and are most often used in vents at piping high points and drains
at piping low points and
used to connect secondary/auxiliary piping.
Threaded joints that are
located adjacent to rotating equipment or other specific sources of high vibration can be
especially susceptible to
failure due to fatigue. Special consideration should be given to these situations.
t. The governing factor in the inspection plan for many piping circuits is the
piping service classification.
In systems
such as tower overhead systems and hydrotreater units where ammonium salts are present,
the corrosion can occur
in the area of the dead-leg where the metal is at the salting or dew-point temperature , In
hot piping systems, the high
point area can corrode due to convective currents set up in the dead-leg.
At concrete-to-air and asphalt-to-air interfaces for buried piping without cathodic protection,
the inspector should look
for evidence that the caulking or seal at the interface has deteriorated and allowed moisture
ingress. If such a
condition exists on piping systems over 10 years old, it may be necessary to inspect for
corrosion beneath the surface
before resealing the joint.
See API 571 for additional information

Ss40004 is a Japanese and Chinese has has their own standard .

Section 2 Part A
The two most common carbon steel piping materials used in the petrochemical industry are
ASTM A53 and ASTM A106
4.1.1.4 Cast iron piping is generally used for nonhazardous service
4.1.2.5 Historically, many of the failures in FRP piping are related to poor construction
practice.
Standardized FRP piping systems
commonly called commodity piping are manufactured for a variety of services
Nipples are normally 6 in.
(152 mm) or less in length and are most often used in vents at piping high points and drains
at piping low points and
used to connect secondary/auxiliary piping.
Threaded joints that are
located adjacent to rotating equipment or other specific sources of high vibration can be
especially susceptible to
failure due to fatigue. Special consideration should be given to these situations.
t. The governing factor in the inspection plan for many piping circuits is the
piping service classification.
In systems
such as tower overhead systems and hydrotreater units where ammonium salts are present,
the corrosion can occur
in the area of the dead-leg where the metal is at the salting or dew-point temperature , In
hot piping systems, the high
point area can corrode due to convective currents set up in the dead-leg.
At concrete-to-air and asphalt-to-air interfaces for buried piping without cathodic protection,
the inspector should look
for evidence that the caulking or seal at the interface has deteriorated and allowed moisture
ingress. If such a
condition exists on piping systems over 10 years old, it may be necessary to inspect for
corrosion beneath the surface
before resealing the joint.
See API 571 for additional information

Ss40004 is a Japanese and Chinese has has their own standard .

Section 2 Part A
The two most common carbon steel piping materials used in the petrochemical industry are
ASTM A53 and ASTM A106
4.1.1.4 Cast iron piping is generally used for nonhazardous service
4.1.2.5 Historically, many of the failures in FRP piping are related to poor construction
practice.
Standardized FRP piping systems
commonly called commodity piping are manufactured for a variety of services
Nipples are normally 6 in.
(152 mm) or less in length and are most often used in vents at piping high points and drains
at piping low points and
used to connect secondary/auxiliary piping.
Threaded joints that are
located adjacent to rotating equipment or other specific sources of high vibration can be
especially susceptible to
failure due to fatigue. Special consideration should be given to these situations.

t. The governing factor in the inspection plan for many piping circuits is the
piping service classification.
In systems
such as tower overhead systems and hydrotreater units where ammonium salts are present,
the corrosion can occur
in the area of the dead-leg where the metal is at the salting or dew-point temperature , In
hot piping systems, the high
point area can corrode due to convective currents set up in the dead-leg.
At concrete-to-air and asphalt-to-air interfaces for buried piping without cathodic protection,
the inspector should look
for evidence that the caulking or seal at the interface has deteriorated and allowed moisture
ingress. If such a
condition exists on piping systems over 10 years old, it may be necessary to inspect for
corrosion beneath the surface
before resealing the joint.
See API 571 for additional information

Ss40004 is a Japanese and Chinese has has their own standard .

Section 2 Part A
The two most common carbon steel piping materials used in the petrochemical industry are
ASTM A53 and ASTM A106
4.1.1.4 Cast iron piping is generally used for nonhazardous service
4.1.2.5 Historically, many of the failures in FRP piping are related to poor construction
practice.
Standardized FRP piping systems
commonly called commodity piping are manufactured for a variety of services
Nipples are normally 6 in.
(152 mm) or less in length and are most often used in vents at piping high points and drains
at piping low points and
used to connect secondary/auxiliary piping.
Threaded joints that are
located adjacent to rotating equipment or other specific sources of high vibration can be
especially susceptible to
failure due to fatigue. Special consideration should be given to these situations.
t. The governing factor in the inspection plan for many piping circuits is the
piping service classification.
In systems
such as tower overhead systems and hydrotreater units where ammonium salts are present,
the corrosion can occur
in the area of the dead-leg where the metal is at the salting or dew-point temperature , In
hot piping systems, the high
point area can corrode due to convective currents set up in the dead-leg.
At concrete-to-air and asphalt-to-air interfaces for buried piping without cathodic protection,
the inspector should look
for evidence that the caulking or seal at the interface has deteriorated and allowed moisture
ingress. If such a
condition exists on piping systems over 10 years old, it may be necessary to inspect for
corrosion beneath the surface
before resealing the joint.
See API 571 for additional information

Ss40004 is a Japanese and Chinese has has their own standard .

Section 2 Part A

The two most common carbon steel piping materials used in the petrochemical industry are
ASTM A53 and ASTM A106
4.1.1.4 Cast iron piping is generally used for nonhazardous service
4.1.2.5 Historically, many of the failures in FRP piping are related to poor construction
practice.
Standardized FRP piping systems
commonly called commodity piping are manufactured for a variety of services
Nipples are normally 6 in.
(152 mm) or less in length and are most often used in vents at piping high points and drains
at piping low points and
used to connect secondary/auxiliary piping.
Threaded joints that are
located adjacent to rotating equipment or other specific sources of high vibration can be
especially susceptible to
failure due to fatigue. Special consideration should be given to these situations.
t. The governing factor in the inspection plan for many piping circuits is the
piping service classification.
In systems
such as tower overhead systems and hydrotreater units where ammonium salts are present,
the corrosion can occur
in the area of the dead-leg where the metal is at the salting or dew-point temperature , In
hot piping systems, the high
point area can corrode due to convective currents set up in the dead-leg.
At concrete-to-air and asphalt-to-air interfaces for buried piping without cathodic protection,
the inspector should look
for evidence that the caulking or seal at the interface has deteriorated and allowed moisture
ingress. If such a
condition exists on piping systems over 10 years old, it may be necessary to inspect for
corrosion beneath the surface
before resealing the joint.
See API 571 for additional information

Ss40004 is a Japanese and Chinese has has their own standard .

Section 2 Part A
The two most common carbon steel piping materials used in the petrochemical industry are
ASTM A53 and ASTM A106
4.1.1.4 Cast iron piping is generally used for nonhazardous service
4.1.2.5 Historically, many of the failures in FRP piping are related to poor construction
practice.
Standardized FRP piping systems
commonly called commodity piping are manufactured for a variety of services
Nipples are normally 6 in.
(152 mm) or less in length and are most often used in vents at piping high points and drains
at piping low points and
used to connect secondary/auxiliary piping.
Threaded joints that are
located adjacent to rotating equipment or other specific sources of high vibration can be
especially susceptible to
failure due to fatigue. Special consideration should be given to these situations.
t. The governing factor in the inspection plan for many piping circuits is the
piping service classification.
In systems

such as tower overhead systems and hydrotreater units where ammonium salts are present,
the corrosion can occur
in the area of the dead-leg where the metal is at the salting or dew-point temperature , In
hot piping systems, the high
point area can corrode due to convective currents set up in the dead-leg.
At concrete-to-air and asphalt-to-air interfaces for buried piping without cathodic protection,
the inspector should look
for evidence that the caulking or seal at the interface has deteriorated and allowed moisture
ingress. If such a
condition exists on piping systems over 10 years old, it may be necessary to inspect for
corrosion beneath the surface
before resealing the joint.
See API 571 for additional information

Ss40004 is a Japanese and Chinese has has their own standard .

Section 2 Part A
The two most common carbon steel piping materials used in the petrochemical industry are
ASTM A53 and ASTM A106
4.1.1.4 Cast iron piping is generally used for nonhazardous service
4.1.2.5 Historically, many of the failures in FRP piping are related to poor construction
practice.
Standardized FRP piping systems
commonly called commodity piping are manufactured for a variety of services
Nipples are normally 6 in.
(152 mm) or less in length and are most often used in vents at piping high points and drains
at piping low points and
used to connect secondary/auxiliary piping.
Threaded joints that are
located adjacent to rotating equipment or other specific sources of high vibration can be
especially susceptible to
failure due to fatigue. Special consideration should be given to these situations.
t. The governing factor in the inspection plan for many piping circuits is the
piping service classification.
In systems
such as tower overhead systems and hydrotreater units where ammonium salts are present,
the corrosion can occur
in the area of the dead-leg where the metal is at the salting or dew-point temperature , In
hot piping systems, the high
point area can corrode due to convective currents set up in the dead-leg.
At concrete-to-air and asphalt-to-air interfaces for buried piping without cathodic protection,
the inspector should look
for evidence that the caulking or seal at the interface has deteriorated and allowed moisture
ingress. If such a
condition exists on piping systems over 10 years old, it may be necessary to inspect for
corrosion beneath the surface
before resealing the joint.
See API 571 for additional information

Ss40004 is a Japanese and Chinese has has their own standard .

Section 2 Part A
The two most common carbon steel piping materials used in the petrochemical industry are
ASTM A53 and ASTM A106

4.1.1.4 Cast iron piping is generally used for nonhazardous service

4.1.2.5 Historically, many of the failures in FRP piping are related to poor construction
practice.
Standardized FRP piping systems
commonly called commodity piping are manufactured for a variety of services
Nipples are normally 6 in.
(152 mm) or less in length and are most often used in vents at piping high points and drains
at piping low points and
used to connect secondary/auxiliary piping.
Threaded joints that are
located adjacent to rotating equipment or other specific sources of high vibration can be
especially susceptible to
failure due to fatigue. Special consideration should be given to these situations.
t. The governing factor in the inspection plan for many piping circuits is the
piping service classification.
In systems
such as tower overhead systems and hydrotreater units where ammonium salts are present,
the corrosion can occur
in the area of the dead-leg where the metal is at the salting or dew-point temperature , In
hot piping systems, the high
point area can corrode due to convective currents set up in the dead-leg.
At concrete-to-air and asphalt-to-air interfaces for buried piping without cathodic protection,
the inspector should look
for evidence that the caulking or seal at the interface has deteriorated and allowed moisture
ingress. If such a
condition exists on piping systems over 10 years old, it may be necessary to inspect for
corrosion beneath the surface
before resealing the joint.
See API 571 for additional information

Ss40004 is a Japanese and Chinese has has their own standard .

Section 2 Part A
The two most common carbon steel piping materials used in the petrochemical industry are
ASTM A53 and ASTM A106
4.1.1.4 Cast iron piping is generally used for nonhazardous service
4.1.2.5 Historically, many of the failures in FRP piping are related to poor construction
practice.
Standardized FRP piping systems
commonly called commodity piping are manufactured for a variety of services
Nipples are normally 6 in.
(152 mm) or less in length and are most often used in vents at piping high points and drains
at piping low points and
used to connect secondary/auxiliary piping.
Threaded joints that are
located adjacent to rotating equipment or other specific sources of high vibration can be
especially susceptible to
failure due to fatigue. Special consideration should be given to these situations.
t. The governing factor in the inspection plan for many piping circuits is the
piping service classification.
In systems
such as tower overhead systems and hydrotreater units where ammonium salts are present,
the corrosion can occur
in the area of the dead-leg where the metal is at the salting or dew-point temperature , In
hot piping systems, the high

point area can corrode due to convective currents set up in the dead-leg.
At concrete-to-air and asphalt-to-air interfaces for buried piping without cathodic protection,
the inspector should look
for evidence that the caulking or seal at the interface has deteriorated and allowed moisture
ingress. If such a
condition exists on piping systems over 10 years old, it may be necessary to inspect for
corrosion beneath the surface
before resealing the joint.
See API 571 for additional information

Ss40004 is a Japanese and Chinese has has their own standard .

Section 2 Part A
The two most common carbon steel piping materials used in the petrochemical industry are
ASTM A53 and ASTM A106
4.1.1.4 Cast iron piping is generally used for nonhazardous service
4.1.2.5 Historically, many of the failures in FRP piping are related to poor construction
practice.
Standardized FRP piping systems
commonly called commodity piping are manufactured for a variety of services
Nipples are normally 6 in.
(152 mm) or less in length and are most often used in vents at piping high points and drains
at piping low points and
used to connect secondary/auxiliary piping.
Threaded joints that are
located adjacent to rotating equipment or other specific sources of high vibration can be
especially susceptible to
failure due to fatigue. Special consideration should be given to these situations.
t. The governing factor in the inspection plan for many piping circuits is the
piping service classification.
In systems
such as tower overhead systems and hydrotreater units where ammonium salts are present,
the corrosion can occur
in the area of the dead-leg where the metal is at the salting or dew-point temperature , In
hot piping systems, the high
point area can corrode due to convective currents set up in the dead-leg.
At concrete-to-air and asphalt-to-air interfaces for buried piping without cathodic protection,
the inspector should look
for evidence that the caulking or seal at the interface has deteriorated and allowed moisture
ingress. If such a
condition exists on piping systems over 10 years old, it may be necessary to inspect for
corrosion beneath the surface
before resealing the joint.
See API 571 for additional information

Ss40004 is a Japanese and Chinese has has their own standard .

Section 2 Part A
The two most common carbon steel piping materials used in the petrochemical industry are
ASTM A53 and ASTM A106
4.1.1.4 Cast iron piping is generally used for nonhazardous service
4.1.2.5 Historically, many of the failures in FRP piping are related to poor construction
practice.
Standardized FRP piping systems

commonly called commodity piping are manufactured for a variety of services

Nipples are normally 6 in.
(152 mm) or less in length and are most often used in vents at piping high points and drains
at piping low points and
used to connect secondary/auxiliary piping.
Threaded joints that are
located adjacent to rotating equipment or other specific sources of high vibration can be
especially susceptible to
failure due to fatigue. Special consideration should be given to these situations.
t. The governing factor in the inspection plan for many piping circuits is the
piping service classification.
In systems
such as tower overhead systems and hydrotreater units where ammonium salts are present,
the corrosion can occur
in the area of the dead-leg where the metal is at the salting or dew-point temperature , In
hot piping systems, the high
point area can corrode due to convective currents set up in the dead-leg.
At concrete-to-air and asphalt-to-air interfaces for buried piping without cathodic protection,
the inspector should look
for evidence that the caulking or seal at the interface has deteriorated and allowed moisture
ingress. If such a
condition exists on piping systems over 10 years old, it may be necessary to inspect for
corrosion beneath the surface
before resealing the joint.
See API 571 for additional information

Ss40004 is a Japanese and Chinese has has their own standard .

Section 2 Part A
The two most common carbon steel piping materials used in the petrochemical industry are
ASTM A53 and ASTM A106
4.1.1.4 Cast iron piping is generally used for nonhazardous service
4.1.2.5 Historically, many of the failures in FRP piping are related to poor construction
practice.
Standardized FRP piping systems
commonly called commodity piping are manufactured for a variety of services
Nipples are normally 6 in.
(152 mm) or less in length and are most often used in vents at piping high points and drains
at piping low points and
used to connect secondary/auxiliary piping.
Threaded joints that are
located adjacent to rotating equipment or other specific sources of high vibration can be
especially susceptible to
failure due to fatigue. Special consideration should be given to these situations.
t. The governing factor in the inspection plan for many piping circuits is the
piping service classification.
In systems
such as tower overhead systems and hydrotreater units where ammonium salts are present,
the corrosion can occur
in the area of the dead-leg where the metal is at the salting or dew-point temperature , In
hot piping systems, the high
point area can corrode due to convective currents set up in the dead-leg.
At concrete-to-air and asphalt-to-air interfaces for buried piping without cathodic protection,
the inspector should look

for evidence that the caulking or seal at the interface has deteriorated and allowed moisture
ingress. If such a
condition exists on piping systems over 10 years old, it may be necessary to inspect for
corrosion beneath the surface
before resealing the joint.
See API 571 for additional information

Ss40004 is a Japanese and Chinese has has their own standard .

Section 2 Part A
The two most common carbon steel piping materials used in the petrochemical industry are
ASTM A53 and ASTM A106
4.1.1.4 Cast iron piping is generally used for nonhazardous service
4.1.2.5 Historically, many of the failures in FRP piping are related to poor construction
practice.
Standardized FRP piping systems
commonly called commodity piping are manufactured for a variety of services
Nipples are normally 6 in.
(152 mm) or less in length and are most often used in vents at piping high points and drains
at piping low points and
used to connect secondary/auxiliary piping.
Threaded joints that are
located adjacent to rotating equipment or other specific sources of high vibration can be
especially susceptible to
failure due to fatigue. Special consideration should be given to these situations.
t. The governing factor in the inspection plan for many piping circuits is the
piping service classification.
In systems
such as tower overhead systems and hydrotreater units where ammonium salts are present,
the corrosion can occur
in the area of the dead-leg where the metal is at the salting or dew-point temperature , In
hot piping systems, the high
point area can corrode due to convective currents set up in the dead-leg.
At concrete-to-air and asphalt-to-air interfaces for buried piping without cathodic protection,
the inspector should look
for evidence that the caulking or seal at the interface has deteriorated and allowed moisture
ingress. If such a
condition exists on piping systems over 10 years old, it may be necessary to inspect for
corrosion beneath the surface
before resealing the joint.
See API 571 for additional information

Ss40004 is a Japanese and Chinese has has their own standard .

Section 2 Part A
The two most common carbon steel piping materials used in the petrochemical industry are
ASTM A53 and ASTM A106
4.1.1.4 Cast iron piping is generally used for nonhazardous service
4.1.2.5 Historically, many of the failures in FRP piping are related to poor construction
practice.
Standardized FRP piping systems
commonly called commodity piping are manufactured for a variety of services
Nipples are normally 6 in.

(152 mm) or less in length and are most often used in vents at piping high points and drains
at piping low points and
used to connect secondary/auxiliary piping.
Threaded joints that are
located adjacent to rotating equipment or other specific sources of high vibration can be
especially susceptible to
failure due to fatigue. Special consideration should be given to these situations.
t. The governing factor in the inspection plan for many piping circuits is the
piping service classification.
In systems
such as tower overhead systems and hydrotreater units where ammonium salts are present,
the corrosion can occur
in the area of the dead-leg where the metal is at the salting or dew-point temperature , In
hot piping systems, the high
point area can corrode due to convective currents set up in the dead-leg.
At concrete-to-air and asphalt-to-air interfaces for buried piping without cathodic protection,
the inspector should look
for evidence that the caulking or seal at the interface has deteriorated and allowed moisture
ingress. If such a
condition exists on piping systems over 10 years old, it may be necessary to inspect for
corrosion beneath the surface
before resealing the joint.
See API 571 for additional information

Ss40004 is a Japanese and Chinese has has their own standard .

Section 2 Part A
The two most common carbon steel piping materials used in the petrochemical industry are
ASTM A53 and ASTM A106
4.1.1.4 Cast iron piping is generally used for nonhazardous service
4.1.2.5 Historically, many of the failures in FRP piping are related to poor construction
practice.
Standardized FRP piping systems
commonly called commodity piping are manufactured for a variety of services
Nipples are normally 6 in.
(152 mm) or less in length and are most often used in vents at piping high points and drains
at piping low points and
used to connect secondary/auxiliary piping.
Threaded joints that are
located adjacent to rotating equipment or other specific sources of high vibration can be
especially susceptible to
failure due to fatigue. Special consideration should be given to these situations.
t. The governing factor in the inspection plan for many piping circuits is the
piping service classification.
In systems
such as tower overhead systems and hydrotreater units where ammonium salts are present,
the corrosion can occur
in the area of the dead-leg where the metal is at the salting or dew-point temperature , In
hot piping systems, the high
point area can corrode due to convective currents set up in the dead-leg.
At concrete-to-air and asphalt-to-air interfaces for buried piping without cathodic protection,
the inspector should look
for evidence that the caulking or seal at the interface has deteriorated and allowed moisture
ingress. If such a

condition exists on piping systems over 10 years old, it may be necessary to inspect for
corrosion beneath the surface
before resealing the joint.
See API 571 for additional information

Ss40004 is a Japanese and Chinese has has their own standard .

Section 2 Part A
The two most common carbon steel piping materials used in the petrochemical industry are
ASTM A53 and ASTM A106
4.1.1.4 Cast iron piping is generally used for nonhazardous service
4.1.2.5 Historically, many of the failures in FRP piping are related to poor construction
practice.
Standardized FRP piping systems
commonly called commodity piping are manufactured for a variety of services
Nipples are normally 6 in.
(152 mm) or less in length and are most often used in vents at piping high points and drains
at piping low points and
used to connect secondary/auxiliary piping.
Threaded joints that are
located adjacent to rotating equipment or other specific sources of high vibration can be
especially susceptible to
failure due to fatigue. Special consideration should be given to these situations.
t. The governing factor in the inspection plan for many piping circuits is the
piping service classification.
In systems
such as tower overhead systems and hydrotreater units where ammonium salts are present,
the corrosion can occur
in the area of the dead-leg where the metal is at the salting or dew-point temperature , In
hot piping systems, the high
point area can corrode due to convective currents set up in the dead-leg.
At concrete-to-air and asphalt-to-air interfaces for buried piping without cathodic protection,
the inspector should look
for evidence that the caulking or seal at the interface has deteriorated and allowed moisture
ingress. If such a
condition exists on piping systems over 10 years old, it may be necessary to inspect for
corrosion beneath the surface
before resealing the joint.
See API 571 for additional information

Ss40004 is a Japanese and Chinese has has their own standard .

Section 2 Part A
The two most common carbon steel piping materials used in the petrochemical industry are
ASTM A53 and ASTM A106
4.1.1.4 Cast iron piping is generally used for nonhazardous service
4.1.2.5 Historically, many of the failures in FRP piping are related to poor construction
practice.
Standardized FRP piping systems
commonly called commodity piping are manufactured for a variety of services
Nipples are normally 6 in.
(152 mm) or less in length and are most often used in vents at piping high points and drains
at piping low points and
used to connect secondary/auxiliary piping.

Threaded joints that are

located adjacent to rotating equipment or other specific sources of high vibration can be
especially susceptible to
failure due to fatigue. Special consideration should be given to these situations.
t. The governing factor in the inspection plan for many piping circuits is the
piping service classification.
In systems
such as tower overhead systems and hydrotreater units where ammonium salts are present,
the corrosion can occur
in the area of the dead-leg where the metal is at the salting or dew-point temperature , In
hot piping systems, the high
point area can corrode due to convective currents set up in the dead-leg.
At concrete-to-air and asphalt-to-air interfaces for buried piping without cathodic protection,
the inspector should look
for evidence that the caulking or seal at the interface has deteriorated and allowed moisture
ingress. If such a
condition exists on piping systems over 10 years old, it may be necessary to inspect for
corrosion beneath the surface
before resealing the joint.
See API 571 for additional information

Ss40004 is a Japanese and Chinese has has their own standard .

Section 2 Part A
The two most common carbon steel piping materials used in the petrochemical industry are
ASTM A53 and ASTM A106
4.1.1.4 Cast iron piping is generally used for nonhazardous service
4.1.2.5 Historically, many of the failures in FRP piping are related to poor construction
practice.
Standardized FRP piping systems
commonly called commodity piping are manufactured for a variety of services
Nipples are normally 6 in.
(152 mm) or less in length and are most often used in vents at piping high points and drains
at piping low points and
used to connect secondary/auxiliary piping.
Threaded joints that are
located adjacent to rotating equipment or other specific sources of high vibration can be
especially susceptible to
failure due to fatigue. Special consideration should be given to these situations.
t. The governing factor in the inspection plan for many piping circuits is the
piping service classification.
In systems
such as tower overhead systems and hydrotreater units where ammonium salts are present,
the corrosion can occur
in the area of the dead-leg where the metal is at the salting or dew-point temperature , In
hot piping systems, the high
point area can corrode due to convective currents set up in the dead-leg.
At concrete-to-air and asphalt-to-air interfaces for buried piping without cathodic protection,
the inspector should look
for evidence that the caulking or seal at the interface has deteriorated and allowed moisture
ingress. If such a
condition exists on piping systems over 10 years old, it may be necessary to inspect for
corrosion beneath the surface
before resealing the joint.
See API 571 for additional information

Ss40004 is a Japanese and Chinese has has their own standard .

Section 2 Part A
The two most common carbon steel piping materials used in the petrochemical industry are
ASTM A53 and ASTM A106
4.1.1.4 Cast iron piping is generally used for nonhazardous service
4.1.2.5 Historically, many of the failures in FRP piping are related to poor construction
practice.
Standardized FRP piping systems
commonly called commodity piping are manufactured for a variety of services
Nipples are normally 6 in.
(152 mm) or less in length and are most often used in vents at piping high points and drains
at piping low points and
used to connect secondary/auxiliary piping.
Threaded joints that are
located adjacent to rotating equipment or other specific sources of high vibration can be
especially susceptible to
failure due to fatigue. Special consideration should be given to these situations.
t. The governing factor in the inspection plan for many piping circuits is the
piping service classification.
In systems
such as tower overhead systems and hydrotreater units where ammonium salts are present,
the corrosion can occur
in the area of the dead-leg where the metal is at the salting or dew-point temperature , In
hot piping systems, the high
point area can corrode due to convective currents set up in the dead-leg.
At concrete-to-air and asphalt-to-air interfaces for buried piping without cathodic protection,
the inspector should look
for evidence that the caulking or seal at the interface has deteriorated and allowed moisture
ingress. If such a
condition exists on piping systems over 10 years old, it may be necessary to inspect for
corrosion beneath the surface
before resealing the joint.
See API 571 for additional information

Ss40004 is a Japanese and Chinese has has their own standard .

Section 2 Part A
The two most common carbon steel piping materials used in the petrochemical industry are
ASTM A53 and ASTM A106
4.1.1.4 Cast iron piping is generally used for nonhazardous service
4.1.2.5 Historically, many of the failures in FRP piping are related to poor construction
practice.
Standardized FRP piping systems
commonly called commodity piping are manufactured for a variety of services
Nipples are normally 6 in.
(152 mm) or less in length and are most often used in vents at piping high points and drains
at piping low points and
used to connect secondary/auxiliary piping.
Threaded joints that are
located adjacent to rotating equipment or other specific sources of high vibration can be
especially susceptible to
failure due to fatigue. Special consideration should be given to these situations.

t. The governing factor in the inspection plan for many piping circuits is the
piping service classification.
In systems
such as tower overhead systems and hydrotreater units where ammonium salts are present,
the corrosion can occur
in the area of the dead-leg where the metal is at the salting or dew-point temperature , In
hot piping systems, the high
point area can corrode due to convective currents set up in the dead-leg.
At concrete-to-air and asphalt-to-air interfaces for buried piping without cathodic protection,
the inspector should look
for evidence that the caulking or seal at the interface has deteriorated and allowed moisture
ingress. If such a
condition exists on piping systems over 10 years old, it may be necessary to inspect for
corrosion beneath the surface
before resealing the joint.
See API 571 for additional information

Ss40004 is a Japanese and Chinese has has their own standard .

Section 2 Part A
The two most common carbon steel piping materials used in the petrochemical industry are
ASTM A53 and ASTM A106
4.1.1.4 Cast iron piping is generally used for nonhazardous service
4.1.2.5 Historically, many of the failures in FRP piping are related to poor construction
practice.
Standardized FRP piping systems
commonly called commodity piping are manufactured for a variety of services
Nipples are normally 6 in.
(152 mm) or less in length and are most often used in vents at piping high points and drains
at piping low points and
used to connect secondary/auxiliary piping.
Threaded joints that are
located adjacent to rotating equipment or other specific sources of high vibration can be
especially susceptible to
failure due to fatigue. Special consideration should be given to these situations.
t. The governing factor in the inspection plan for many piping circuits is the
piping service classification.
In systems
such as tower overhead systems and hydrotreater units where ammonium salts are present,
the corrosion can occur
in the area of the dead-leg where the metal is at the salting or dew-point temperature , In
hot piping systems, the high
point area can corrode due to convective currents set up in the dead-leg.
At concrete-to-air and asphalt-to-air interfaces for buried piping without cathodic protection,
the inspector should look
for evidence that the caulking or seal at the interface has deteriorated and allowed moisture
ingress. If such a
condition exists on piping systems over 10 years old, it may be necessary to inspect for
corrosion beneath the surface
before resealing the joint.
See API 571 for additional information

Ss40004 is a Japanese and Chinese has has their own standard .

Section 2 Part A

The two most common carbon steel piping materials used in the petrochemical industry are
ASTM A53 and ASTM A106
4.1.1.4 Cast iron piping is generally used for nonhazardous service
4.1.2.5 Historically, many of the failures in FRP piping are related to poor construction
practice.
Standardized FRP piping systems
commonly called commodity piping are manufactured for a variety of services
Nipples are normally 6 in.
(152 mm) or less in length and are most often used in vents at piping high points and drains
at piping low points and
used to connect secondary/auxiliary piping.
Threaded joints that are
located adjacent to rotating equipment or other specific sources of high vibration can be
especially susceptible to
failure due to fatigue. Special consideration should be given to these situations.
t. The governing factor in the inspection plan for many piping circuits is the
piping service classification.
In systems
such as tower overhead systems and hydrotreater units where ammonium salts are present,
the corrosion can occur
in the area of the dead-leg where the metal is at the salting or dew-point temperature , In
hot piping systems, the high
point area can corrode due to convective currents set up in the dead-leg.
At concrete-to-air and asphalt-to-air interfaces for buried piping without cathodic protection,
the inspector should look
for evidence that the caulking or seal at the interface has deteriorated and allowed moisture
ingress. If such a
condition exists on piping systems over 10 years old, it may be necessary to inspect for
corrosion beneath the surface
before resealing the joint.
See API 571 for additional information

Ss40004 is a Japanese and Chinese has has their own standard .

Section 2 Part A
The two most common carbon steel piping materials used in the petrochemical industry are
ASTM A53 and ASTM A106
4.1.1.4 Cast iron piping is generally used for nonhazardous service
4.1.2.5 Historically, many of the failures in FRP piping are related to poor construction
practice.
Standardized FRP piping systems
commonly called commodity piping are manufactured for a variety of services
Nipples are normally 6 in.
(152 mm) or less in length and are most often used in vents at piping high points and drains
at piping low points and
used to connect secondary/auxiliary piping.
Threaded joints that are
located adjacent to rotating equipment or other specific sources of high vibration can be
especially susceptible to
failure due to fatigue. Special consideration should be given to these situations.
t. The governing factor in the inspection plan for many piping circuits is the
piping service classification.
In systems

such as tower overhead systems and hydrotreater units where ammonium salts are present,
the corrosion can occur
in the area of the dead-leg where the metal is at the salting or dew-point temperature , In
hot piping systems, the high
point area can corrode due to convective currents set up in the dead-leg.
At concrete-to-air and asphalt-to-air interfaces for buried piping without cathodic protection,
the inspector should look
for evidence that the caulking or seal at the interface has deteriorated and allowed moisture
ingress. If such a
condition exists on piping systems over 10 years old, it may be necessary to inspect for
corrosion beneath the surface
before resealing the joint.
See API 571 for additional information

Ss40004 is a Japanese and Chinese has has their own standard .

Section 2 Part A
The two most common carbon steel piping materials used in the petrochemical industry are
ASTM A53 and ASTM A106
4.1.1.4 Cast iron piping is generally used for nonhazardous service
4.1.2.5 Historically, many of the failures in FRP piping are related to poor construction
practice.
Standardized FRP piping systems
commonly called commodity piping are manufactured for a variety of services
Nipples are normally 6 in.
(152 mm) or less in length and are most often used in vents at piping high points and drains
at piping low points and
used to connect secondary/auxiliary piping.
Threaded joints that are
located adjacent to rotating equipment or other specific sources of high vibration can be
especially susceptible to
failure due to fatigue. Special consideration should be given to these situations.
t. The governing factor in the inspection plan for many piping circuits is the
piping service classification.
In systems
such as tower overhead systems and hydrotreater units where ammonium salts are present,
the corrosion can occur
in the area of the dead-leg where the metal is at the salting or dew-point temperature , In
hot piping systems, the high
point area can corrode due to convective currents set up in the dead-leg.
At concrete-to-air and asphalt-to-air interfaces for buried piping without cathodic protection,
the inspector should look
for evidence that the caulking or seal at the interface has deteriorated and allowed moisture
ingress. If such a
condition exists on piping systems over 10 years old, it may be necessary to inspect for
corrosion beneath the surface
before resealing the joint.
See API 571 for additional information

Ss40004 is a Japanese and Chinese has has their own standard .

Section 2 Part A
The two most common carbon steel piping materials used in the petrochemical industry are
ASTM A53 and ASTM A106

4.1.1.4 Cast iron piping is generally used for nonhazardous service

4.1.2.5 Historically, many of the failures in FRP piping are related to poor construction
practice.
Standardized FRP piping systems
commonly called commodity piping are manufactured for a variety of services
Nipples are normally 6 in.
(152 mm) or less in length and are most often used in vents at piping high points and drains
at piping low points and
used to connect secondary/auxiliary piping.
Threaded joints that are
located adjacent to rotating equipment or other specific sources of high vibration can be
especially susceptible to
failure due to fatigue. Special consideration should be given to these situations.
t. The governing factor in the inspection plan for many piping circuits is the
piping service classification.
In systems
such as tower overhead systems and hydrotreater units where ammonium salts are present,
the corrosion can occur
in the area of the dead-leg where the metal is at the salting or dew-point temperature , In
hot piping systems, the high
point area can corrode due to convective currents set up in the dead-leg.
At concrete-to-air and asphalt-to-air interfaces for buried piping without cathodic protection,
the inspector should look
for evidence that the caulking or seal at the interface has deteriorated and allowed moisture
ingress. If such a
condition exists on piping systems over 10 years old, it may be necessary to inspect for
corrosion beneath the surface
before resealing the joint.
See API 571 for additional information

Ss40004 is a Japanese and Chinese has has their own standard .

Section 2 Part A
The two most common carbon steel piping materials used in the petrochemical industry are
ASTM A53 and ASTM A106
4.1.1.4 Cast iron piping is generally used for nonhazardous service
4.1.2.5 Historically, many of the failures in FRP piping are related to poor construction
practice.
Standardized FRP piping systems
commonly called commodity piping are manufactured for a variety of services
Nipples are normally 6 in.
(152 mm) or less in length and are most often used in vents at piping high points and drains
at piping low points and
used to connect secondary/auxiliary piping.
Threaded joints that are
located adjacent to rotating equipment or other specific sources of high vibration can be
especially susceptible to
failure due to fatigue. Special consideration should be given to these situations.
t. The governing factor in the inspection plan for many piping circuits is the
piping service classification.
In systems
such as tower overhead systems and hydrotreater units where ammonium salts are present,
the corrosion can occur
in the area of the dead-leg where the metal is at the salting or dew-point temperature , In
hot piping systems, the high

point area can corrode due to convective currents set up in the dead-leg.
At concrete-to-air and asphalt-to-air interfaces for buried piping without cathodic protection,
the inspector should look
for evidence that the caulking or seal at the interface has deteriorated and allowed moisture
ingress. If such a
condition exists on piping systems over 10 years old, it may be necessary to inspect for
corrosion beneath the surface
before resealing the joint.
See API 571 for additional information

Ss40004 is a Japanese and Chinese has has their own standard .

Section 2 Part A
The two most common carbon steel piping materials used in the petrochemical industry are
ASTM A53 and ASTM A106
4.1.1.4 Cast iron piping is generally used for nonhazardous service
4.1.2.5 Historically, many of the failures in FRP piping are related to poor construction
practice.
Standardized FRP piping systems
commonly called commodity piping are manufactured for a variety of services
Nipples are normally 6 in.
(152 mm) or less in length and are most often used in vents at piping high points and drains
at piping low points and
used to connect secondary/auxiliary piping.
Threaded joints that are
located adjacent to rotating equipment or other specific sources of high vibration can be
especially susceptible to
failure due to fatigue. Special consideration should be given to these situations.
t. The governing factor in the inspection plan for many piping circuits is the
piping service classification.
In systems
such as tower overhead systems and hydrotreater units where ammonium salts are present,
the corrosion can occur
in the area of the dead-leg where the metal is at the salting or dew-point temperature , In
hot piping systems, the high
point area can corrode due to convective currents set up in the dead-leg.
At concrete-to-air and asphalt-to-air interfaces for buried piping without cathodic protection,
the inspector should look
for evidence that the caulking or seal at the interface has deteriorated and allowed moisture
ingress. If such a
condition exists on piping systems over 10 years old, it may be necessary to inspect for
corrosion beneath the surface
before resealing the joint.
See API 571 for additional information

Ss40004 is a Japanese and Chinese has has their own standard .

Section 2 Part A
The two most common carbon steel piping materials used in the petrochemical industry are
ASTM A53 and ASTM A106
4.1.1.4 Cast iron piping is generally used for nonhazardous service
4.1.2.5 Historically, many of the failures in FRP piping are related to poor construction
practice.
Standardized FRP piping systems

commonly called commodity piping are manufactured for a variety of services

Nipples are normally 6 in.
(152 mm) or less in length and are most often used in vents at piping high points and drains
at piping low points and
used to connect secondary/auxiliary piping.
Threaded joints that are
located adjacent to rotating equipment or other specific sources of high vibration can be
especially susceptible to
failure due to fatigue. Special consideration should be given to these situations.
t. The governing factor in the inspection plan for many piping circuits is the
piping service classification.
In systems
such as tower overhead systems and hydrotreater units where ammonium salts are present,
the corrosion can occur
in the area of the dead-leg where the metal is at the salting or dew-point temperature , In
hot piping systems, the high
point area can corrode due to convective currents set up in the dead-leg.
At concrete-to-air and asphalt-to-air interfaces for buried piping without cathodic protection,
the inspector should look
for evidence that the caulking or seal at the interface has deteriorated and allowed moisture
ingress. If such a
condition exists on piping systems over 10 years old, it may be necessary to inspect for
corrosion beneath the surface
before resealing the joint.
See API 571 for additional information

Ss40004 is a Japanese and Chinese has has their own standard .

Section 2 Part A
The two most common carbon steel piping materials used in the petrochemical industry are
ASTM A53 and ASTM A106
4.1.1.4 Cast iron piping is generally used for nonhazardous service
4.1.2.5 Historically, many of the failures in FRP piping are related to poor construction
practice.
Standardized FRP piping systems
commonly called commodity piping are manufactured for a variety of services
Nipples are normally 6 in.
(152 mm) or less in length and are most often used in vents at piping high points and drains
at piping low points and
used to connect secondary/auxiliary piping.
Threaded joints that are
located adjacent to rotating equipment or other specific sources of high vibration can be
especially susceptible to
failure due to fatigue. Special consideration should be given to these situations.
t. The governing factor in the inspection plan for many piping circuits is the
piping service classification.
In systems
such as tower overhead systems and hydrotreater units where ammonium salts are present,
the corrosion can occur
in the area of the dead-leg where the metal is at the salting or dew-point temperature , In
hot piping systems, the high
point area can corrode due to convective currents set up in the dead-leg.
At concrete-to-air and asphalt-to-air interfaces for buried piping without cathodic protection,
the inspector should look

for evidence that the caulking or seal at the interface has deteriorated and allowed moisture
ingress. If such a
condition exists on piping systems over 10 years old, it may be necessary to inspect for
corrosion beneath the surface
before resealing the joint.
See API 571 for additional information

Ss40004 is a Japanese and Chinese has has their own standard .

Section 2 Part A
The two most common carbon steel piping materials used in the petrochemical industry are
ASTM A53 and ASTM A106
4.1.1.4 Cast iron piping is generally used for nonhazardous service
4.1.2.5 Historically, many of the failures in FRP piping are related to poor construction
practice.
Standardized FRP piping systems
commonly called commodity piping are manufactured for a variety of services
Nipples are normally 6 in.
(152 mm) or less in length and are most often used in vents at piping high points and drains
at piping low points and
used to connect secondary/auxiliary piping.
Threaded joints that are
located adjacent to rotating equipment or other specific sources of high vibration can be
especially susceptible to
failure due to fatigue. Special consideration should be given to these situations.
t. The governing factor in the inspection plan for many piping circuits is the
piping service classification.
In systems
such as tower overhead systems and hydrotreater units where ammonium salts are present,
the corrosion can occur
in the area of the dead-leg where the metal is at the salting or dew-point temperature , In
hot piping systems, the high
point area can corrode due to convective currents set up in the dead-leg.
At concrete-to-air and asphalt-to-air interfaces for buried piping without cathodic protection,
the inspector should look
for evidence that the caulking or seal at the interface has deteriorated and allowed moisture
ingress. If such a
condition exists on piping systems over 10 years old, it may be necessary to inspect for
corrosion beneath the surface
before resealing the joint.
See API 571 for additional information

Ss40004 is a Japanese and Chinese has has their own standard .

Section 2 Part A
The two most common carbon steel piping materials used in the petrochemical industry are
ASTM A53 and ASTM A106
4.1.1.4 Cast iron piping is generally used for nonhazardous service
4.1.2.5 Historically, many of the failures in FRP piping are related to poor construction
practice.
Standardized FRP piping systems
commonly called commodity piping are manufactured for a variety of services
Nipples are normally 6 in.

(152 mm) or less in length and are most often used in vents at piping high points and drains
at piping low points and
used to connect secondary/auxiliary piping.
Threaded joints that are
located adjacent to rotating equipment or other specific sources of high vibration can be
especially susceptible to
failure due to fatigue. Special consideration should be given to these situations.
t. The governing factor in the inspection plan for many piping circuits is the
piping service classification.
In systems
such as tower overhead systems and hydrotreater units where ammonium salts are present,
the corrosion can occur
in the area of the dead-leg where the metal is at the salting or dew-point temperature , In
hot piping systems, the high
point area can corrode due to convective currents set up in the dead-leg.
At concrete-to-air and asphalt-to-air interfaces for buried piping without cathodic protection,
the inspector should look
for evidence that the caulking or seal at the interface has deteriorated and allowed moisture
ingress. If such a
condition exists on piping systems over 10 years old, it may be necessary to inspect for
corrosion beneath the surface
before resealing the joint.
See API 571 for additional information

Ss40004 is a Japanese and Chinese has has their own standard .

Section 2 Part A
The two most common carbon steel piping materials used in the petrochemical industry are
ASTM A53 and ASTM A106
4.1.1.4 Cast iron piping is generally used for nonhazardous service
4.1.2.5 Historically, many of the failures in FRP piping are related to poor construction
practice.
Standardized FRP piping systems
commonly called commodity piping are manufactured for a variety of services
Nipples are normally 6 in.
(152 mm) or less in length and are most often used in vents at piping high points and drains
at piping low points and
used to connect secondary/auxiliary piping.
Threaded joints that are
located adjacent to rotating equipment or other specific sources of high vibration can be
especially susceptible to
failure due to fatigue. Special consideration should be given to these situations.
t. The governing factor in the inspection plan for many piping circuits is the
piping service classification.
In systems
such as tower overhead systems and hydrotreater units where ammonium salts are present,
the corrosion can occur
in the area of the dead-leg where the metal is at the salting or dew-point temperature , In
hot piping systems, the high
point area can corrode due to convective currents set up in the dead-leg.
At concrete-to-air and asphalt-to-air interfaces for buried piping without cathodic protection,
the inspector should look
for evidence that the caulking or seal at the interface has deteriorated and allowed moisture
ingress. If such a

condition exists on piping systems over 10 years old, it may be necessary to inspect for
corrosion beneath the surface
before resealing the joint.
See API 571 for additional information

Ss40004 is a Japanese and Chinese has has their own standard .

Section 2 Part A
The two most common carbon steel piping materials used in the petrochemical industry are
ASTM A53 and ASTM A106
4.1.1.4 Cast iron piping is generally used for nonhazardous service
4.1.2.5 Historically, many of the failures in FRP piping are related to poor construction
practice.
Standardized FRP piping systems
commonly called commodity piping are manufactured for a variety of services
Nipples are normally 6 in.
(152 mm) or less in length and are most often used in vents at piping high points and drains
at piping low points and
used to connect secondary/auxiliary piping.
Threaded joints that are
located adjacent to rotating equipment or other specific sources of high vibration can be
especially susceptible to
failure due to fatigue. Special consideration should be given to these situations.
t. The governing factor in the inspection plan for many piping circuits is the
piping service classification.
In systems
such as tower overhead systems and hydrotreater units where ammonium salts are present,
the corrosion can occur
in the area of the dead-leg where the metal is at the salting or dew-point temperature , In
hot piping systems, the high
point area can corrode due to convective currents set up in the dead-leg.
At concrete-to-air and asphalt-to-air interfaces for buried piping without cathodic protection,
the inspector should look
for evidence that the caulking or seal at the interface has deteriorated and allowed moisture
ingress. If such a
condition exists on piping systems over 10 years old, it may be necessary to inspect for
corrosion beneath the surface
before resealing the joint.
See API 571 for additional information

Ss40004 is a Japanese and Chinese has has their own standard .

Section 2 Part A
The two most common carbon steel piping materials used in the petrochemical industry are
ASTM A53 and ASTM A106
4.1.1.4 Cast iron piping is generally used for nonhazardous service
4.1.2.5 Historically, many of the failures in FRP piping are related to poor construction
practice.
Standardized FRP piping systems
commonly called commodity piping are manufactured for a variety of services
Nipples are normally 6 in.
(152 mm) or less in length and are most often used in vents at piping high points and drains
at piping low points and
used to connect secondary/auxiliary piping.

Threaded joints that are

located adjacent to rotating equipment or other specific sources of high vibration can be
especially susceptible to
failure due to fatigue. Special consideration should be given to these situations.
t. The governing factor in the inspection plan for many piping circuits is the
piping service classification.
In systems
such as tower overhead systems and hydrotreater units where ammonium salts are present,
the corrosion can occur
in the area of the dead-leg where the metal is at the salting or dew-point temperature , In
hot piping systems, the high
point area can corrode due to convective currents set up in the dead-leg.
At concrete-to-air and asphalt-to-air interfaces for buried piping without cathodic protection,
the inspector should look
for evidence that the caulking or seal at the interface has deteriorated and allowed moisture
ingress. If such a
condition exists on piping systems over 10 years old, it may be necessary to inspect for
corrosion beneath the surface
before resealing the joint.
See API 571 for additional information

Ss40004 is a Japanese and Chinese has has their own standard .

Section 2 Part A
The two most common carbon steel piping materials used in the petrochemical industry are
ASTM A53 and ASTM A106
4.1.1.4 Cast iron piping is generally used for nonhazardous service
4.1.2.5 Historically, many of the failures in FRP piping are related to poor construction
practice.
Standardized FRP piping systems
commonly called commodity piping are manufactured for a variety of services
Nipples are normally 6 in.
(152 mm) or less in length and are most often used in vents at piping high points and drains
at piping low points and
used to connect secondary/auxiliary piping.
Threaded joints that are
located adjacent to rotating equipment or other specific sources of high vibration can be
especially susceptible to
failure due to fatigue. Special consideration should be given to these situations.
t. The governing factor in the inspection plan for many piping circuits is the
piping service classification.
In systems
such as tower overhead systems and hydrotreater units where ammonium salts are present,
the corrosion can occur
in the area of the dead-leg where the metal is at the salting or dew-point temperature , In
hot piping systems, the high
point area can corrode due to convective currents set up in the dead-leg.
At concrete-to-air and asphalt-to-air interfaces for buried piping without cathodic protection,
the inspector should look
for evidence that the caulking or seal at the interface has deteriorated and allowed moisture
ingress. If such a
condition exists on piping systems over 10 years old, it may be necessary to inspect for
corrosion beneath the surface
before resealing the joint.
See API 571 for additional information

Ss40004 is a Japanese and Chinese has has their own standard .

Section 2 Part A
The two most common carbon steel piping materials used in the petrochemical industry are
ASTM A53 and ASTM A106
4.1.1.4 Cast iron piping is generally used for nonhazardous service
4.1.2.5 Historically, many of the failures in FRP piping are related to poor construction
practice.
Standardized FRP piping systems
commonly called commodity piping are manufactured for a variety of services
Nipples are normally 6 in.
(152 mm) or less in length and are most often used in vents at piping high points and drains
at piping low points and
used to connect secondary/auxiliary piping.
Threaded joints that are
located adjacent to rotating equipment or other specific sources of high vibration can be
especially susceptible to
failure due to fatigue. Special consideration should be given to these situations.
t. The governing factor in the inspection plan for many piping circuits is the
piping service classification.
In systems
such as tower overhead systems and hydrotreater units where ammonium salts are present,
the corrosion can occur
in the area of the dead-leg where the metal is at the salting or dew-point temperature , In
hot piping systems, the high
point area can corrode due to convective currents set up in the dead-leg.
At concrete-to-air and asphalt-to-air interfaces for buried piping without cathodic protection,
the inspector should look
for evidence that the caulking or seal at the interface has deteriorated and allowed moisture
ingress. If such a
condition exists on piping systems over 10 years old, it may be necessary to inspect for
corrosion beneath the surface
before resealing the joint.
See API 571 for additional information

Ss40004 is a Japanese and Chinese has has their own standard .

Section 2 Part A
The two most common carbon steel piping materials used in the petrochemical industry are
ASTM A53 and ASTM A106
4.1.1.4 Cast iron piping is generally used for nonhazardous service
4.1.2.5 Historically, many of the failures in FRP piping are related to poor construction
practice.
Standardized FRP piping systems
commonly called commodity piping are manufactured for a variety of services
Nipples are normally 6 in.
(152 mm) or less in length and are most often used in vents at piping high points and drains
at piping low points and
used to connect secondary/auxiliary piping.
Threaded joints that are
located adjacent to rotating equipment or other specific sources of high vibration can be
especially susceptible to
failure due to fatigue. Special consideration should be given to these situations.

t. The governing factor in the inspection plan for many piping circuits is the
piping service classification.
In systems
such as tower overhead systems and hydrotreater units where ammonium salts are present,
the corrosion can occur
in the area of the dead-leg where the metal is at the salting or dew-point temperature , In
hot piping systems, the high
point area can corrode due to convective currents set up in the dead-leg.
At concrete-to-air and asphalt-to-air interfaces for buried piping without cathodic protection,
the inspector should look
for evidence that the caulking or seal at the interface has deteriorated and allowed moisture
ingress. If such a
condition exists on piping systems over 10 years old, it may be necessary to inspect for
corrosion beneath the surface
before resealing the joint.
See API 571 for additional information

Ss40004 is a Japanese and Chinese has has their own standard .

Section 2 Part A
The two most common carbon steel piping materials used in the petrochemical industry are
ASTM A53 and ASTM A106
4.1.1.4 Cast iron piping is generally used for nonhazardous service
4.1.2.5 Historically, many of the failures in FRP piping are related to poor construction
practice.
Standardized FRP piping systems
commonly called commodity piping are manufactured for a variety of services
Nipples are normally 6 in.
(152 mm) or less in length and are most often used in vents at piping high points and drains
at piping low points and
used to connect secondary/auxiliary piping.
Threaded joints that are
located adjacent to rotating equipment or other specific sources of high vibration can be
especially susceptible to
failure due to fatigue. Special consideration should be given to these situations.
t. The governing factor in the inspection plan for many piping circuits is the
piping service classification.
In systems
such as tower overhead systems and hydrotreater units where ammonium salts are present,
the corrosion can occur
in the area of the dead-leg where the metal is at the salting or dew-point temperature , In
hot piping systems, the high
point area can corrode due to convective currents set up in the dead-leg.
At concrete-to-air and asphalt-to-air interfaces for buried piping without cathodic protection,
the inspector should look
for evidence that the caulking or seal at the interface has deteriorated and allowed moisture
ingress. If such a
condition exists on piping systems over 10 years old, it may be necessary to inspect for
corrosion beneath the surface
before resealing the joint.
See API 571 for additional information

Ss40004 is a Japanese and Chinese has has their own standard .

Section 2 Part A

The two most common carbon steel piping materials used in the petrochemical industry are
ASTM A53 and ASTM A106
4.1.1.4 Cast iron piping is generally used for nonhazardous service
4.1.2.5 Historically, many of the failures in FRP piping are related to poor construction
practice.
Standardized FRP piping systems
commonly called commodity piping are manufactured for a variety of services
Nipples are normally 6 in.
(152 mm) or less in length and are most often used in vents at piping high points and drains
at piping low points and
used to connect secondary/auxiliary piping.
Threaded joints that are
located adjacent to rotating equipment or other specific sources of high vibration can be
especially susceptible to
failure due to fatigue. Special consideration should be given to these situations.
t. The governing factor in the inspection plan for many piping circuits is the
piping service classification.
In systems
such as tower overhead systems and hydrotreater units where ammonium salts are present,
the corrosion can occur
in the area of the dead-leg where the metal is at the salting or dew-point temperature , In
hot piping systems, the high
point area can corrode due to convective currents set up in the dead-leg.
At concrete-to-air and asphalt-to-air interfaces for buried piping without cathodic protection,
the inspector should look
for evidence that the caulking or seal at the interface has deteriorated and allowed moisture
ingress. If such a
condition exists on piping systems over 10 years old, it may be necessary to inspect for
corrosion beneath the surface
before resealing the joint.
See API 571 for additional information

Ss40004 is a Japanese and Chinese has has their own standard .

Section 2 Part A
The two most common carbon steel piping materials used in the petrochemical industry are
ASTM A53 and ASTM A106
4.1.1.4 Cast iron piping is generally used for nonhazardous service
4.1.2.5 Historically, many of the failures in FRP piping are related to poor construction
practice.
Standardized FRP piping systems
commonly called commodity piping are manufactured for a variety of services
Nipples are normally 6 in.
(152 mm) or less in length and are most often used in vents at piping high points and drains
at piping low points and
used to connect secondary/auxiliary piping.
Threaded joints that are
located adjacent to rotating equipment or other specific sources of high vibration can be
especially susceptible to
failure due to fatigue. Special consideration should be given to these situations.
t. The governing factor in the inspection plan for many piping circuits is the
piping service classification.
In systems

such as tower overhead systems and hydrotreater units where ammonium salts are present,
the corrosion can occur
in the area of the dead-leg where the metal is at the salting or dew-point temperature , In
hot piping systems, the high
point area can corrode due to convective currents set up in the dead-leg.
At concrete-to-air and asphalt-to-air interfaces for buried piping without cathodic protection,
the inspector should look
for evidence that the caulking or seal at the interface has deteriorated and allowed moisture
ingress. If such a
condition exists on piping systems over 10 years old, it may be necessary to inspect for
corrosion beneath the surface
before resealing the joint.
See API 571 for additional information

Ss40004 is a Japanese and Chinese has has their own standard .

Section 2 Part A
The two most common carbon steel piping materials used in the petrochemical industry are
ASTM A53 and ASTM A106
4.1.1.4 Cast iron piping is generally used for nonhazardous service
4.1.2.5 Historically, many of the failures in FRP piping are related to poor construction
practice.
Standardized FRP piping systems
commonly called commodity piping are manufactured for a variety of services
Nipples are normally 6 in.
(152 mm) or less in length and are most often used in vents at piping high points and drains
at piping low points and
used to connect secondary/auxiliary piping.
Threaded joints that are
located adjacent to rotating equipment or other specific sources of high vibration can be
especially susceptible to
failure due to fatigue. Special consideration should be given to these situations.
t. The governing factor in the inspection plan for many piping circuits is the
piping service classification.
In systems
such as tower overhead systems and hydrotreater units where ammonium salts are present,
the corrosion can occur
in the area of the dead-leg where the metal is at the salting or dew-point temperature , In
hot piping systems, the high
point area can corrode due to convective currents set up in the dead-leg.
At concrete-to-air and asphalt-to-air interfaces for buried piping without cathodic protection,
the inspector should look
for evidence that the caulking or seal at the interface has deteriorated and allowed moisture
ingress. If such a
condition exists on piping systems over 10 years old, it may be necessary to inspect for
corrosion beneath the surface
before resealing the joint.
See API 571 for additional information

Ss40004 is a Japanese and Chinese has has their own standard .

Section 2 Part A
The two most common carbon steel piping materials used in the petrochemical industry are
ASTM A53 and ASTM A106

4.1.1.4 Cast iron piping is generally used for nonhazardous service

4.1.2.5 Historically, many of the failures in FRP piping are related to poor construction
practice.
Standardized FRP piping systems
commonly called commodity piping are manufactured for a variety of services
Nipples are normally 6 in.
(152 mm) or less in length and are most often used in vents at piping high points and drains
at piping low points and
used to connect secondary/auxiliary piping.
Threaded joints that are
located adjacent to rotating equipment or other specific sources of high vibration can be
especially susceptible to
failure due to fatigue. Special consideration should be given to these situations.
t. The governing factor in the inspection plan for many piping circuits is the
piping service classification.
In systems
such as tower overhead systems and hydrotreater units where ammonium salts are present,
the corrosion can occur
in the area of the dead-leg where the metal is at the salting or dew-point temperature , In
hot piping systems, the high
point area can corrode due to convective currents set up in the dead-leg.
At concrete-to-air and asphalt-to-air interfaces for buried piping without cathodic protection,
the inspector should look
for evidence that the caulking or seal at the interface has deteriorated and allowed moisture
ingress. If such a
condition exists on piping systems over 10 years old, it may be necessary to inspect for
corrosion beneath the surface
before resealing the joint.
See API 571 for additional information

Ss40004 is a Japanese and Chinese has has their own standard .

Section 2 Part A
The two most common carbon steel piping materials used in the petrochemical industry are
ASTM A53 and ASTM A106
4.1.1.4 Cast iron piping is generally used for nonhazardous service
4.1.2.5 Historically, many of the failures in FRP piping are related to poor construction
practice.
Standardized FRP piping systems
commonly called commodity piping are manufactured for a variety of services
Nipples are normally 6 in.
(152 mm) or less in length and are most often used in vents at piping high points and drains
at piping low points and
used to connect secondary/auxiliary piping.
Threaded joints that are
located adjacent to rotating equipment or other specific sources of high vibration can be
especially susceptible to
failure due to fatigue. Special consideration should be given to these situations.
t. The governing factor in the inspection plan for many piping circuits is the
piping service classification.
In systems
such as tower overhead systems and hydrotreater units where ammonium salts are present,
the corrosion can occur
in the area of the dead-leg where the metal is at the salting or dew-point temperature , In
hot piping systems, the high

point area can corrode due to convective currents set up in the dead-leg.
At concrete-to-air and asphalt-to-air interfaces for buried piping without cathodic protection,
the inspector should look
for evidence that the caulking or seal at the interface has deteriorated and allowed moisture
ingress. If such a
condition exists on piping systems over 10 years old, it may be necessary to inspect for
corrosion beneath the surface
before resealing the joint.
See API 571 for additional information

Ss40004 is a Japanese and Chinese has has their own standard .

Section 2 Part A
The two most common carbon steel piping materials used in the petrochemical industry are
ASTM A53 and ASTM A106
4.1.1.4 Cast iron piping is generally used for nonhazardous service
4.1.2.5 Historically, many of the failures in FRP piping are related to poor construction
practice.
Standardized FRP piping systems
commonly called commodity piping are manufactured for a variety of services
Nipples are normally 6 in.
(152 mm) or less in length and are most often used in vents at piping high points and drains
at piping low points and
used to connect secondary/auxiliary piping.
Threaded joints that are
located adjacent to rotating equipment or other specific sources of high vibration can be
especially susceptible to
failure due to fatigue. Special consideration should be given to these situations.
t. The governing factor in the inspection plan for many piping circuits is the
piping service classification.
In systems
such as tower overhead systems and hydrotreater units where ammonium salts are present,
the corrosion can occur
in the area of the dead-leg where the metal is at the salting or dew-point temperature , In
hot piping systems, the high
point area can corrode due to convective currents set up in the dead-leg.
At concrete-to-air and asphalt-to-air interfaces for buried piping without cathodic protection,
the inspector should look
for evidence that the caulking or seal at the interface has deteriorated and allowed moisture
ingress. If such a
condition exists on piping systems over 10 years old, it may be necessary to inspect for
corrosion beneath the surface
before resealing the joint.
See API 571 for additional information

Ss40004 is a Japanese and Chinese has has their own standard .

Section 2 Part A
The two most common carbon steel piping materials used in the petrochemical industry are
ASTM A53 and ASTM A106
4.1.1.4 Cast iron piping is generally used for nonhazardous service
4.1.2.5 Historically, many of the failures in FRP piping are related to poor construction
practice.
Standardized FRP piping systems

commonly called commodity piping are manufactured for a variety of services

Nipples are normally 6 in.
(152 mm) or less in length and are most often used in vents at piping high points and drains
at piping low points and
used to connect secondary/auxiliary piping.
Threaded joints that are
located adjacent to rotating equipment or other specific sources of high vibration can be
especially susceptible to
failure due to fatigue. Special consideration should be given to these situations.
t. The governing factor in the inspection plan for many piping circuits is the
piping service classification.
In systems
such as tower overhead systems and hydrotreater units where ammonium salts are present,
the corrosion can occur
in the area of the dead-leg where the metal is at the salting or dew-point temperature , In
hot piping systems, the high
point area can corrode due to convective currents set up in the dead-leg.
At concrete-to-air and asphalt-to-air interfaces for buried piping without cathodic protection,
the inspector should look
for evidence that the caulking or seal at the interface has deteriorated and allowed moisture
ingress. If such a
condition exists on piping systems over 10 years old, it may be necessary to inspect for
corrosion beneath the surface
before resealing the joint.
See API 571 for additional information

Ss40004 is a Japanese and Chinese has has their own standard .

Section 2 Part A
The two most common carbon steel piping materials used in the petrochemical industry are
ASTM A53 and ASTM A106
4.1.1.4 Cast iron piping is generally used for nonhazardous service
4.1.2.5 Historically, many of the failures in FRP piping are related to poor construction
practice.
Standardized FRP piping systems
commonly called commodity piping are manufactured for a variety of services
Nipples are normally 6 in.
(152 mm) or less in length and are most often used in vents at piping high points and drains
at piping low points and
used to connect secondary/auxiliary piping.
Threaded joints that are
located adjacent to rotating equipment or other specific sources of high vibration can be
especially susceptible to
failure due to fatigue. Special consideration should be given to these situations.
t. The governing factor in the inspection plan for many piping circuits is the
piping service classification.
In systems
such as tower overhead systems and hydrotreater units where ammonium salts are present,
the corrosion can occur
in the area of the dead-leg where the metal is at the salting or dew-point temperature , In
hot piping systems, the high
point area can corrode due to convective currents set up in the dead-leg.
At concrete-to-air and asphalt-to-air interfaces for buried piping without cathodic protection,
the inspector should look

for evidence that the caulking or seal at the interface has deteriorated and allowed moisture
ingress. If such a
condition exists on piping systems over 10 years old, it may be necessary to inspect for
corrosion beneath the surface
before resealing the joint.
See API 571 for additional information

Ss40004 is a Japanese and Chinese has has their own standard .

Section 2 Part A
The two most common carbon steel piping materials used in the petrochemical industry are
ASTM A53 and ASTM A106
4.1.1.4 Cast iron piping is generally used for nonhazardous service
4.1.2.5 Historically, many of the failures in FRP piping are related to poor construction
practice.
Standardized FRP piping systems
commonly called commodity piping are manufactured for a variety of services
Nipples are normally 6 in.
(152 mm) or less in length and are most often used in vents at piping high points and drains
at piping low points and
used to connect secondary/auxiliary piping.
Threaded joints that are
located adjacent to rotating equipment or other specific sources of high vibration can be
especially susceptible to
failure due to fatigue. Special consideration should be given to these situations.
t. The governing factor in the inspection plan for many piping circuits is the
piping service classification.
In systems
such as tower overhead systems and hydrotreater units where ammonium salts are present,
the corrosion can occur
in the area of the dead-leg where the metal is at the salting or dew-point temperature , In
hot piping systems, the high
point area can corrode due to convective currents set up in the dead-leg.
At concrete-to-air and asphalt-to-air interfaces for buried piping without cathodic protection,
the inspector should look
for evidence that the caulking or seal at the interface has deteriorated and allowed moisture
ingress. If such a
condition exists on piping systems over 10 years old, it may be necessary to inspect for
corrosion beneath the surface
before resealing the joint.
See API 571 for additional information

Ss40004 is a Japanese and Chinese has has their own standard .

Section 2 Part A
The two most common carbon steel piping materials used in the petrochemical industry are
ASTM A53 and ASTM A106
4.1.1.4 Cast iron piping is generally used for nonhazardous service
4.1.2.5 Historically, many of the failures in FRP piping are related to poor construction
practice.
Standardized FRP piping systems
commonly called commodity piping are manufactured for a variety of services
Nipples are normally 6 in.

(152 mm) or less in length and are most often used in vents at piping high points and drains
at piping low points and
used to connect secondary/auxiliary piping.
Threaded joints that are
located adjacent to rotating equipment or other specific sources of high vibration can be
especially susceptible to
failure due to fatigue. Special consideration should be given to these situations.
t. The governing factor in the inspection plan for many piping circuits is the
piping service classification.
In systems
such as tower overhead systems and hydrotreater units where ammonium salts are present,
the corrosion can occur
in the area of the dead-leg where the metal is at the salting or dew-point temperature , In
hot piping systems, the high
point area can corrode due to convective currents set up in the dead-leg.
At concrete-to-air and asphalt-to-air interfaces for buried piping without cathodic protection,
the inspector should look
for evidence that the caulking or seal at the interface has deteriorated and allowed moisture
ingress. If such a
condition exists on piping systems over 10 years old, it may be necessary to inspect for
corrosion beneath the surface
before resealing the joint.
See API 571 for additional information

Ss40004 is a Japanese and Chinese has has their own standard .

Section 2 Part A
The two most common carbon steel piping materials used in the petrochemical industry are
ASTM A53 and ASTM A106
4.1.1.4 Cast iron piping is generally used for nonhazardous service
4.1.2.5 Historically, many of the failures in FRP piping are related to poor construction
practice.
Standardized FRP piping systems
commonly called commodity piping are manufactured for a variety of services
Nipples are normally 6 in.
(152 mm) or less in length and are most often used in vents at piping high points and drains
at piping low points and
used to connect secondary/auxiliary piping.
Threaded joints that are
located adjacent to rotating equipment or other specific sources of high vibration can be
especially susceptible to
failure due to fatigue. Special consideration should be given to these situations.
t. The governing factor in the inspection plan for many piping circuits is the
piping service classification.
In systems
such as tower overhead systems and hydrotreater units where ammonium salts are present,
the corrosion can occur
in the area of the dead-leg where the metal is at the salting or dew-point temperature , In
hot piping systems, the high
point area can corrode due to convective currents set up in the dead-leg.
At concrete-to-air and asphalt-to-air interfaces for buried piping without cathodic protection,
the inspector should look
for evidence that the caulking or seal at the interface has deteriorated and allowed moisture
ingress. If such a

condition exists on piping systems over 10 years old, it may be necessary to inspect for
corrosion beneath the surface
before resealing the joint.
See API 571 for additional information

Ss40004 is a Japanese and Chinese has has their own standard .

Section 2 Part A
The two most common carbon steel piping materials used in the petrochemical industry are
ASTM A53 and ASTM A106
4.1.1.4 Cast iron piping is generally used for nonhazardous service
4.1.2.5 Historically, many of the failures in FRP piping are related to poor construction
practice.
Standardized FRP piping systems
commonly called commodity piping are manufactured for a variety of services
Nipples are normally 6 in.
(152 mm) or less in length and are most often used in vents at piping high points and drains
at piping low points and
used to connect secondary/auxiliary piping.
Threaded joints that are
located adjacent to rotating equipment or other specific sources of high vibration can be
especially susceptible to
failure due to fatigue. Special consideration should be given to these situations.
t. The governing factor in the inspection plan for many piping circuits is the
piping service classification.
In systems
such as tower overhead systems and hydrotreater units where ammonium salts are present,
the corrosion can occur
in the area of the dead-leg where the metal is at the salting or dew-point temperature , In
hot piping systems, the high
point area can corrode due to convective currents set up in the dead-leg.
At concrete-to-air and asphalt-to-air interfaces for buried piping without cathodic protection,
the inspector should look
for evidence that the caulking or seal at the interface has deteriorated and allowed moisture
ingress. If such a
condition exists on piping systems over 10 years old, it may be necessary to inspect for
corrosion beneath the surface
before resealing the joint.
See API 571 for additional information

Ss40004 is a Japanese and Chinese has has their own standard .

Section 2 Part A
The two most common carbon steel piping materials used in the petrochemical industry are
ASTM A53 and ASTM A106
4.1.1.4 Cast iron piping is generally used for nonhazardous service
4.1.2.5 Historically, many of the failures in FRP piping are related to poor construction
practice.
Standardized FRP piping systems
commonly called commodity piping are manufactured for a variety of services
Nipples are normally 6 in.
(152 mm) or less in length and are most often used in vents at piping high points and drains
at piping low points and
used to connect secondary/auxiliary piping.

Threaded joints that are

located adjacent to rotating equipment or other specific sources of high vibration can be
especially susceptible to
failure due to fatigue. Special consideration should be given to these situations.
t. The governing factor in the inspection plan for many piping circuits is the
piping service classification.
In systems
such as tower overhead systems and hydrotreater units where ammonium salts are present,
the corrosion can occur
in the area of the dead-leg where the metal is at the salting or dew-point temperature , In
hot piping systems, the high
point area can corrode due to convective currents set up in the dead-leg.
At concrete-to-air and asphalt-to-air interfaces for buried piping without cathodic protection,
the inspector should look
for evidence that the caulking or seal at the interface has deteriorated and allowed moisture
ingress. If such a
condition exists on piping systems over 10 years old, it may be necessary to inspect for
corrosion beneath the surface
before resealing the joint.
See API 571 for additional information

Ss40004 is a Japanese and Chinese has has their own standard .

Section 2 Part A
The two most common carbon steel piping materials used in the petrochemical industry are
ASTM A53 and ASTM A106
4.1.1.4 Cast iron piping is generally used for nonhazardous service
4.1.2.5 Historically, many of the failures in FRP piping are related to poor construction
practice.
Standardized FRP piping systems
commonly called commodity piping are manufactured for a variety of services
Nipples are normally 6 in.
(152 mm) or less in length and are most often used in vents at piping high points and drains
at piping low points and
used to connect secondary/auxiliary piping.
Threaded joints that are
located adjacent to rotating equipment or other specific sources of high vibration can be
especially susceptible to
failure due to fatigue. Special consideration should be given to these situations.
t. The governing factor in the inspection plan for many piping circuits is the
piping service classification.
In systems
such as tower overhead systems and hydrotreater units where ammonium salts are present,
the corrosion can occur
in the area of the dead-leg where the metal is at the salting or dew-point temperature , In
hot piping systems, the high
point area can corrode due to convective currents set up in the dead-leg.
At concrete-to-air and asphalt-to-air interfaces for buried piping without cathodic protection,
the inspector should look
for evidence that the caulking or seal at the interface has deteriorated and allowed moisture
ingress. If such a
condition exists on piping systems over 10 years old, it may be necessary to inspect for
corrosion beneath the surface
before resealing the joint.
See API 571 for additional information

Ss40004 is a Japanese and Chinese has has their own standard .

Section 2 Part A
The two most common carbon steel piping materials used in the petrochemical industry are
ASTM A53 and ASTM A106
4.1.1.4 Cast iron piping is generally used for nonhazardous service
4.1.2.5 Historically, many of the failures in FRP piping are related to poor construction
practice.
Standardized FRP piping systems
commonly called commodity piping are manufactured for a variety of services
Nipples are normally 6 in.
(152 mm) or less in length and are most often used in vents at piping high points and drains
at piping low points and
used to connect secondary/auxiliary piping.
Threaded joints that are
located adjacent to rotating equipment or other specific sources of high vibration can be
especially susceptible to
failure due to fatigue. Special consideration should be given to these situations.
t. The governing factor in the inspection plan for many piping circuits is the
piping service classification.
In systems
such as tower overhead systems and hydrotreater units where ammonium salts are present,
the corrosion can occur
in the area of the dead-leg where the metal is at the salting or dew-point temperature , In
hot piping systems, the high
point area can corrode due to convective currents set up in the dead-leg.
At concrete-to-air and asphalt-to-air interfaces for buried piping without cathodic protection,
the inspector should look
for evidence that the caulking or seal at the interface has deteriorated and allowed moisture
ingress. If such a
condition exists on piping systems over 10 years old, it may be necessary to inspect for
corrosion beneath the surface
before resealing the joint.
See API 571 for additional information

Ss40004 is a Japanese and Chinese has has their own standard .

Section 2 Part A
The two most common carbon steel piping materials used in the petrochemical industry are
ASTM A53 and ASTM A106
4.1.1.4 Cast iron piping is generally used for nonhazardous service
4.1.2.5 Historically, many of the failures in FRP piping are related to poor construction
practice.
Standardized FRP piping systems
commonly called commodity piping are manufactured for a variety of services
Nipples are normally 6 in.
(152 mm) or less in length and are most often used in vents at piping high points and drains
at piping low points and
used to connect secondary/auxiliary piping.
Threaded joints that are
located adjacent to rotating equipment or other specific sources of high vibration can be
especially susceptible to
failure due to fatigue. Special consideration should be given to these situations.

t. The governing factor in the inspection plan for many piping circuits is the
piping service classification.
In systems
such as tower overhead systems and hydrotreater units where ammonium salts are present,
the corrosion can occur
in the area of the dead-leg where the metal is at the salting or dew-point temperature , In
hot piping systems, the high
point area can corrode due to convective currents set up in the dead-leg.
At concrete-to-air and asphalt-to-air interfaces for buried piping without cathodic protection,
the inspector should look
for evidence that the caulking or seal at the interface has deteriorated and allowed moisture
ingress. If such a
condition exists on piping systems over 10 years old, it may be necessary to inspect for
corrosion beneath the surface
before resealing the joint.
See API 571 for additional information

Ss40004 is a Japanese and Chinese has has their own standard .

Section 2 Part A
The two most common carbon steel piping materials used in the petrochemical industry are
ASTM A53 and ASTM A106
4.1.1.4 Cast iron piping is generally used for nonhazardous service
4.1.2.5 Historically, many of the failures in FRP piping are related to poor construction
practice.
Standardized FRP piping systems
commonly called commodity piping are manufactured for a variety of services
Nipples are normally 6 in.
(152 mm) or less in length and are most often used in vents at piping high points and drains
at piping low points and
used to connect secondary/auxiliary piping.
Threaded joints that are
located adjacent to rotating equipment or other specific sources of high vibration can be
especially susceptible to
failure due to fatigue. Special consideration should be given to these situations.
t. The governing factor in the inspection plan for many piping circuits is the
piping service classification.
In systems
such as tower overhead systems and hydrotreater units where ammonium salts are present,
the corrosion can occur
in the area of the dead-leg where the metal is at the salting or dew-point temperature , In
hot piping systems, the high
point area can corrode due to convective currents set up in the dead-leg.
At concrete-to-air and asphalt-to-air interfaces for buried piping without cathodic protection,
the inspector should look
for evidence that the caulking or seal at the interface has deteriorated and allowed moisture
ingress. If such a
condition exists on piping systems over 10 years old, it may be necessary to inspect for
corrosion beneath the surface
before resealing the joint.
See API 571 for additional information

Ss40004 is a Japanese and Chinese has has their own standard .

Section 2 Part A

The two most common carbon steel piping materials used in the petrochemical industry are
ASTM A53 and ASTM A106
4.1.1.4 Cast iron piping is generally used for nonhazardous service
4.1.2.5 Historically, many of the failures in FRP piping are related to poor construction
practice.
Standardized FRP piping systems
commonly called commodity piping are manufactured for a variety of services
Nipples are normally 6 in.
(152 mm) or less in length and are most often used in vents at piping high points and drains
at piping low points and
used to connect secondary/auxiliary piping.
Threaded joints that are
located adjacent to rotating equipment or other specific sources of high vibration can be
especially susceptible to
failure due to fatigue. Special consideration should be given to these situations.
t. The governing factor in the inspection plan for many piping circuits is the
piping service classification.
In systems
such as tower overhead systems and hydrotreater units where ammonium salts are present,
the corrosion can occur
in the area of the dead-leg where the metal is at the salting or dew-point temperature , In
hot piping systems, the high
point area can corrode due to convective currents set up in the dead-leg.
At concrete-to-air and asphalt-to-air interfaces for buried piping without cathodic protection,
the inspector should look
for evidence that the caulking or seal at the interface has deteriorated and allowed moisture
ingress. If such a
condition exists on piping systems over 10 years old, it may be necessary to inspect for
corrosion beneath the surface
before resealing the joint.
See API 571 for additional information

Ss40004 is a Japanese and Chinese has has their own standard .

Section 2 Part A
The two most common carbon steel piping materials used in the petrochemical industry are
ASTM A53 and ASTM A106
4.1.1.4 Cast iron piping is generally used for nonhazardous service
4.1.2.5 Historically, many of the failures in FRP piping are related to poor construction
practice.
Standardized FRP piping systems
commonly called commodity piping are manufactured for a variety of services
Nipples are normally 6 in.
(152 mm) or less in length and are most often used in vents at piping high points and drains
at piping low points and
used to connect secondary/auxiliary piping.
Threaded joints that are
located adjacent to rotating equipment or other specific sources of high vibration can be
especially susceptible to
failure due to fatigue. Special consideration should be given to these situations.
t. The governing factor in the inspection plan for many piping circuits is the
piping service classification.
In systems

such as tower overhead systems and hydrotreater units where ammonium salts are present,
the corrosion can occur
in the area of the dead-leg where the metal is at the salting or dew-point temperature , In
hot piping systems, the high
point area can corrode due to convective currents set up in the dead-leg.
At concrete-to-air and asphalt-to-air interfaces for buried piping without cathodic protection,
the inspector should look
for evidence that the caulking or seal at the interface has deteriorated and allowed moisture
ingress. If such a
condition exists on piping systems over 10 years old, it may be necessary to inspect for
corrosion beneath the surface
before resealing the joint.
See API 571 for additional information

Ss40004 is a Japanese and Chinese has has their own standard .

Section 2 Part A
The two most common carbon steel piping materials used in the petrochemical industry are
ASTM A53 and ASTM A106
4.1.1.4 Cast iron piping is generally used for nonhazardous service
4.1.2.5 Historically, many of the failures in FRP piping are related to poor construction
practice.
Standardized FRP piping systems
commonly called commodity piping are manufactured for a variety of services
Nipples are normally 6 in.
(152 mm) or less in length and are most often used in vents at piping high points and drains
at piping low points and
used to connect secondary/auxiliary piping.
Threaded joints that are
located adjacent to rotating equipment or other specific sources of high vibration can be
especially susceptible to
failure due to fatigue. Special consideration should be given to these situations.
t. The governing factor in the inspection plan for many piping circuits is the
piping service classification.
In systems
such as tower overhead systems and hydrotreater units where ammonium salts are present,
the corrosion can occur
in the area of the dead-leg where the metal is at the salting or dew-point temperature , In
hot piping systems, the high
point area can corrode due to convective currents set up in the dead-leg.
At concrete-to-air and asphalt-to-air interfaces for buried piping without cathodic protection,
the inspector should look
for evidence that the caulking or seal at the interface has deteriorated and allowed moisture
ingress. If such a
condition exists on piping systems over 10 years old, it may be necessary to inspect for
corrosion beneath the surface
before resealing the joint.
See API 571 for additional information

Ss40004 is a Japanese and Chinese has has their own standard .

Section 2 Part A
The two most common carbon steel piping materials used in the petrochemical industry are
ASTM A53 and ASTM A106

4.1.1.4 Cast iron piping is generally used for nonhazardous service

4.1.2.5 Historically, many of the failures in FRP piping are related to poor construction
practice.
Standardized FRP piping systems
commonly called commodity piping are manufactured for a variety of services
Nipples are normally 6 in.
(152 mm) or less in length and are most often used in vents at piping high points and drains
at piping low points and
used to connect secondary/auxiliary piping.
Threaded joints that are
located adjacent to rotating equipment or other specific sources of high vibration can be
especially susceptible to
failure due to fatigue. Special consideration should be given to these situations.
t. The governing factor in the inspection plan for many piping circuits is the
piping service classification.
In systems
such as tower overhead systems and hydrotreater units where ammonium salts are present,
the corrosion can occur
in the area of the dead-leg where the metal is at the salting or dew-point temperature , In
hot piping systems, the high
point area can corrode due to convective currents set up in the dead-leg.
At concrete-to-air and asphalt-to-air interfaces for buried piping without cathodic protection,
the inspector should look
for evidence that the caulking or seal at the interface has deteriorated and allowed moisture
ingress. If such a
condition exists on piping systems over 10 years old, it may be necessary to inspect for
corrosion beneath the surface
before resealing the joint.
See API 571 for additional information

Ss40004 is a Japanese and Chinese has has their own standard .

Section 2 Part A
The two most common carbon steel piping materials used in the petrochemical industry are
ASTM A53 and ASTM A106
4.1.1.4 Cast iron piping is generally used for nonhazardous service
4.1.2.5 Historically, many of the failures in FRP piping are related to poor construction
practice.
Standardized FRP piping systems
commonly called commodity piping are manufactured for a variety of services
Nipples are normally 6 in.
(152 mm) or less in length and are most often used in vents at piping high points and drains
at piping low points and
used to connect secondary/auxiliary piping.
Threaded joints that are
located adjacent to rotating equipment or other specific sources of high vibration can be
especially susceptible to
failure due to fatigue. Special consideration should be given to these situations.
t. The governing factor in the inspection plan for many piping circuits is the
piping service classification.
In systems
such as tower overhead systems and hydrotreater units where ammonium salts are present,
the corrosion can occur
in the area of the dead-leg where the metal is at the salting or dew-point temperature , In
hot piping systems, the high

point area can corrode due to convective currents set up in the dead-leg.
At concrete-to-air and asphalt-to-air interfaces for buried piping without cathodic protection,
the inspector should look
for evidence that the caulking or seal at the interface has deteriorated and allowed moisture
ingress. If such a
condition exists on piping systems over 10 years old, it may be necessary to inspect for
corrosion beneath the surface
before resealing the joint.
See API 571 for additional information

Ss40004 is a Japanese and Chinese has has their own standard .

Section 2 Part A
The two most common carbon steel piping materials used in the petrochemical industry are
ASTM A53 and ASTM A106
4.1.1.4 Cast iron piping is generally used for nonhazardous service
4.1.2.5 Historically, many of the failures in FRP piping are related to poor construction
practice.
Standardized FRP piping systems
commonly called commodity piping are manufactured for a variety of services
Nipples are normally 6 in.
(152 mm) or less in length and are most often used in vents at piping high points and drains
at piping low points and
used to connect secondary/auxiliary piping.
Threaded joints that are
located adjacent to rotating equipment or other specific sources of high vibration can be
especially susceptible to
failure due to fatigue. Special consideration should be given to these situations.
t. The governing factor in the inspection plan for many piping circuits is the
piping service classification.
In systems
such as tower overhead systems and hydrotreater units where ammonium salts are present,
the corrosion can occur
in the area of the dead-leg where the metal is at the salting or dew-point temperature , In
hot piping systems, the high
point area can corrode due to convective currents set up in the dead-leg.
At concrete-to-air and asphalt-to-air interfaces for buried piping without cathodic protection,
the inspector should look
for evidence that the caulking or seal at the interface has deteriorated and allowed moisture
ingress. If such a
condition exists on piping systems over 10 years old, it may be necessary to inspect for
corrosion beneath the surface
before resealing the joint.
See API 571 for additional information

Ss40004 is a Japanese and Chinese has has their own standard .

Section 2 Part A
The two most common carbon steel piping materials used in the petrochemical industry are
ASTM A53 and ASTM A106
4.1.1.4 Cast iron piping is generally used for nonhazardous service
4.1.2.5 Historically, many of the failures in FRP piping are related to poor construction
practice.
Standardized FRP piping systems

commonly called commodity piping are manufactured for a variety of services

Nipples are normally 6 in.
(152 mm) or less in length and are most often used in vents at piping high points and drains
at piping low points and
used to connect secondary/auxiliary piping.
Threaded joints that are
located adjacent to rotating equipment or other specific sources of high vibration can be
especially susceptible to
failure due to fatigue. Special consideration should be given to these situations.
t. The governing factor in the inspection plan for many piping circuits is the
piping service classification.
In systems
such as tower overhead systems and hydrotreater units where ammonium salts are present,
the corrosion can occur
in the area of the dead-leg where the metal is at the salting or dew-point temperature , In
hot piping systems, the high
point area can corrode due to convective currents set up in the dead-leg.
At concrete-to-air and asphalt-to-air interfaces for buried piping without cathodic protection,
the inspector should look
for evidence that the caulking or seal at the interface has deteriorated and allowed moisture
ingress. If such a
condition exists on piping systems over 10 years old, it may be necessary to inspect for
corrosion beneath the surface
before resealing the joint.
See API 571 for additional information

Ss40004 is a Japanese and Chinese has has their own standard .

Section 2 Part A
The two most common carbon steel piping materials used in the petrochemical industry are
ASTM A53 and ASTM A106
4.1.1.4 Cast iron piping is generally used for nonhazardous service
4.1.2.5 Historically, many of the failures in FRP piping are related to poor construction
practice.
Standardized FRP piping systems
commonly called commodity piping are manufactured for a variety of services
Nipples are normally 6 in.
(152 mm) or less in length and are most often used in vents at piping high points and drains
at piping low points and
used to connect secondary/auxiliary piping.
Threaded joints that are
located adjacent to rotating equipment or other specific sources of high vibration can be
especially susceptible to
failure due to fatigue. Special consideration should be given to these situations.
t. The governing factor in the inspection plan for many piping circuits is the
piping service classification.
In systems
such as tower overhead systems and hydrotreater units where ammonium salts are present,
the corrosion can occur
in the area of the dead-leg where the metal is at the salting or dew-point temperature , In
hot piping systems, the high
point area can corrode due to convective currents set up in the dead-leg.
At concrete-to-air and asphalt-to-air interfaces for buried piping without cathodic protection,
the inspector should look

for evidence that the caulking or seal at the interface has deteriorated and allowed moisture
ingress. If such a
condition exists on piping systems over 10 years old, it may be necessary to inspect for
corrosion beneath the surface
before resealing the joint.
See API 571 for additional information

Ss40004 is a Japanese and Chinese has has their own standard .

Section 2 Part A
The two most common carbon steel piping materials used in the petrochemical industry are
ASTM A53 and ASTM A106
4.1.1.4 Cast iron piping is generally used for nonhazardous service
4.1.2.5 Historically, many of the failures in FRP piping are related to poor construction
practice.
Standardized FRP piping systems
commonly called commodity piping are manufactured for a variety of services
Nipples are normally 6 in.
(152 mm) or less in length and are most often used in vents at piping high points and drains
at piping low points and
used to connect secondary/auxiliary piping.
Threaded joints that are
located adjacent to rotating equipment or other specific sources of high vibration can be
especially susceptible to
failure due to fatigue. Special consideration should be given to these situations.
t. The governing factor in the inspection plan for many piping circuits is the
piping service classification.
In systems
such as tower overhead systems and hydrotreater units where ammonium salts are present,
the corrosion can occur
in the area of the dead-leg where the metal is at the salting or dew-point temperature , In
hot piping systems, the high
point area can corrode due to convective currents set up in the dead-leg.
At concrete-to-air and asphalt-to-air interfaces for buried piping without cathodic protection,
the inspector should look
for evidence that the caulking or seal at the interface has deteriorated and allowed moisture
ingress. If such a
condition exists on piping systems over 10 years old, it may be necessary to inspect for
corrosion beneath the surface
before resealing the joint.
See API 571 for additional information

Ss40004 is a Japanese and Chinese has has their own standard .

Section 2 Part A
The two most common carbon steel piping materials used in the petrochemical industry are
ASTM A53 and ASTM A106
4.1.1.4 Cast iron piping is generally used for nonhazardous service
4.1.2.5 Historically, many of the failures in FRP piping are related to poor construction
practice.
Standardized FRP piping systems
commonly called commodity piping are manufactured for a variety of services
Nipples are normally 6 in.

(152 mm) or less in length and are most often used in vents at piping high points and drains
at piping low points and
used to connect secondary/auxiliary piping.
Threaded joints that are
located adjacent to rotating equipment or other specific sources of high vibration can be
especially susceptible to
failure due to fatigue. Special consideration should be given to these situations.
t. The governing factor in the inspection plan for many piping circuits is the
piping service classification.
In systems
such as tower overhead systems and hydrotreater units where ammonium salts are present,
the corrosion can occur
in the area of the dead-leg where the metal is at the salting or dew-point temperature , In
hot piping systems, the high
point area can corrode due to convective currents set up in the dead-leg.
At concrete-to-air and asphalt-to-air interfaces for buried piping without cathodic protection,
the inspector should look
for evidence that the caulking or seal at the interface has deteriorated and allowed moisture
ingress. If such a
condition exists on piping systems over 10 years old, it may be necessary to inspect for
corrosion beneath the surface
before resealing the joint.
See API 571 for additional information

Ss40004 is a Japanese and Chinese has has their own standard .

Section 2 Part A
The two most common carbon steel piping materials used in the petrochemical industry are
ASTM A53 and ASTM A106
4.1.1.4 Cast iron piping is generally used for nonhazardous service
4.1.2.5 Historically, many of the failures in FRP piping are related to poor construction
practice.
Standardized FRP piping systems
commonly called commodity piping are manufactured for a variety of services
Nipples are normally 6 in.
(152 mm) or less in length and are most often used in vents at piping high points and drains
at piping low points and
used to connect secondary/auxiliary piping.
Threaded joints that are
located adjacent to rotating equipment or other specific sources of high vibration can be
especially susceptible to
failure due to fatigue. Special consideration should be given to these situations.
t. The governing factor in the inspection plan for many piping circuits is the
piping service classification.
In systems
such as tower overhead systems and hydrotreater units where ammonium salts are present,
the corrosion can occur
in the area of the dead-leg where the metal is at the salting or dew-point temperature , In
hot piping systems, the high
point area can corrode due to convective currents set up in the dead-leg.
At concrete-to-air and asphalt-to-air interfaces for buried piping without cathodic protection,
the inspector should look
for evidence that the caulking or seal at the interface has deteriorated and allowed moisture
ingress. If such a

condition exists on piping systems over 10 years old, it may be necessary to inspect for
corrosion beneath the surface
before resealing the joint.
See API 571 for additional information

Ss40004 is a Japanese and Chinese has has their own standard .

Section 2 Part A
The two most common carbon steel piping materials used in the petrochemical industry are
ASTM A53 and ASTM A106
4.1.1.4 Cast iron piping is generally used for nonhazardous service
4.1.2.5 Historically, many of the failures in FRP piping are related to poor construction
practice.
Standardized FRP piping systems
commonly called commodity piping are manufactured for a variety of services
Nipples are normally 6 in.
(152 mm) or less in length and are most often used in vents at piping high points and drains
at piping low points and
used to connect secondary/auxiliary piping.
Threaded joints that are
located adjacent to rotating equipment or other specific sources of high vibration can be
especially susceptible to
failure due to fatigue. Special consideration should be given to these situations.
t. The governing factor in the inspection plan for many piping circuits is the
piping service classification.
In systems
such as tower overhead systems and hydrotreater units where ammonium salts are present,
the corrosion can occur
in the area of the dead-leg where the metal is at the salting or dew-point temperature , In
hot piping systems, the high
point area can corrode due to convective currents set up in the dead-leg.
At concrete-to-air and asphalt-to-air interfaces for buried piping without cathodic protection,
the inspector should look
for evidence that the caulking or seal at the interface has deteriorated and allowed moisture
ingress. If such a
condition exists on piping systems over 10 years old, it may be necessary to inspect for
corrosion beneath the surface
before resealing the joint.
See API 571 for additional information

Ss40004 is a Japanese and Chinese has has their own standard .

Section 2 Part A
The two most common carbon steel piping materials used in the petrochemical industry are
ASTM A53 and ASTM A106
4.1.1.4 Cast iron piping is generally used for nonhazardous service
4.1.2.5 Historically, many of the failures in FRP piping are related to poor construction
practice.
Standardized FRP piping systems
commonly called commodity piping are manufactured for a variety of services
Nipples are normally 6 in.
(152 mm) or less in length and are most often used in vents at piping high points and drains
at piping low points and
used to connect secondary/auxiliary piping.

Threaded joints that are

located adjacent to rotating equipment or other specific sources of high vibration can be
especially susceptible to
failure due to fatigue. Special consideration should be given to these situations.
t. The governing factor in the inspection plan for many piping circuits is the
piping service classification.
In systems
such as tower overhead systems and hydrotreater units where ammonium salts are present,
the corrosion can occur
in the area of the dead-leg where the metal is at the salting or dew-point temperature , In
hot piping systems, the high
point area can corrode due to convective currents set up in the dead-leg.
At concrete-to-air and asphalt-to-air interfaces for buried piping without cathodic protection,
the inspector should look
for evidence that the caulking or seal at the interface has deteriorated and allowed moisture
ingress. If such a
condition exists on piping systems over 10 years old, it may be necessary to inspect for
corrosion beneath the surface
before resealing the joint.
See API 571 for additional information

Ss40004 is a Japanese and Chinese has has their own standard .

Section 2 Part A
The two most common carbon steel piping materials used in the petrochemical industry are
ASTM A53 and ASTM A106
4.1.1.4 Cast iron piping is generally used for nonhazardous service
4.1.2.5 Historically, many of the failures in FRP piping are related to poor construction
practice.
Standardized FRP piping systems
commonly called commodity piping are manufactured for a variety of services
Nipples are normally 6 in.
(152 mm) or less in length and are most often used in vents at piping high points and drains
at piping low points and
used to connect secondary/auxiliary piping.
Threaded joints that are
located adjacent to rotating equipment or other specific sources of high vibration can be
especially susceptible to
failure due to fatigue. Special consideration should be given to these situations.
t. The governing factor in the inspection plan for many piping circuits is the
piping service classification.
In systems
such as tower overhead systems and hydrotreater units where ammonium salts are present,
the corrosion can occur
in the area of the dead-leg where the metal is at the salting or dew-point temperature , In
hot piping systems, the high
point area can corrode due to convective currents set up in the dead-leg.
At concrete-to-air and asphalt-to-air interfaces for buried piping without cathodic protection,
the inspector should look
for evidence that the caulking or seal at the interface has deteriorated and allowed moisture
ingress. If such a
condition exists on piping systems over 10 years old, it may be necessary to inspect for
corrosion beneath the surface
before resealing the joint.
See API 571 for additional information

Ss40004 is a Japanese and Chinese has has their own standard .

Section 2 Part A
The two most common carbon steel piping materials used in the petrochemical industry are
ASTM A53 and ASTM A106
4.1.1.4 Cast iron piping is generally used for nonhazardous service
4.1.2.5 Historically, many of the failures in FRP piping are related to poor construction
practice.
Standardized FRP piping systems
commonly called commodity piping are manufactured for a variety of services
Nipples are normally 6 in.
(152 mm) or less in length and are most often used in vents at piping high points and drains
at piping low points and
used to connect secondary/auxiliary piping.
Threaded joints that are
located adjacent to rotating equipment or other specific sources of high vibration can be
especially susceptible to
failure due to fatigue. Special consideration should be given to these situations.
t. The governing factor in the inspection plan for many piping circuits is the
piping service classification.
In systems
such as tower overhead systems and hydrotreater units where ammonium salts are present,
the corrosion can occur
in the area of the dead-leg where the metal is at the salting or dew-point temperature , In
hot piping systems, the high
point area can corrode due to convective currents set up in the dead-leg.
At concrete-to-air and asphalt-to-air interfaces for buried piping without cathodic protection,
the inspector should look
for evidence that the caulking or seal at the interface has deteriorated and allowed moisture
ingress. If such a
condition exists on piping systems over 10 years old, it may be necessary to inspect for
corrosion beneath the surface
before resealing the joint.
See API 571 for additional information

Ss40004 is a Japanese and Chinese has has their own standard .

Section 2 Part A
The two most common carbon steel piping materials used in the petrochemical industry are
ASTM A53 and ASTM A106
4.1.1.4 Cast iron piping is generally used for nonhazardous service
4.1.2.5 Historically, many of the failures in FRP piping are related to poor construction
practice.
Standardized FRP piping systems
commonly called commodity piping are manufactured for a variety of services
Nipples are normally 6 in.
(152 mm) or less in length and are most often used in vents at piping high points and drains
at piping low points and
used to connect secondary/auxiliary piping.
Threaded joints that are
located adjacent to rotating equipment or other specific sources of high vibration can be
especially susceptible to
failure due to fatigue. Special consideration should be given to these situations.

t. The governing factor in the inspection plan for many piping circuits is the
piping service classification.
In systems
such as tower overhead systems and hydrotreater units where ammonium salts are present,
the corrosion can occur
in the area of the dead-leg where the metal is at the salting or dew-point temperature , In
hot piping systems, the high
point area can corrode due to convective currents set up in the dead-leg.
At concrete-to-air and asphalt-to-air interfaces for buried piping without cathodic protection,
the inspector should look
for evidence that the caulking or seal at the interface has deteriorated and allowed moisture
ingress. If such a
condition exists on piping systems over 10 years old, it may be necessary to inspect for
corrosion beneath the surface
before resealing the joint.
See API 571 for additional information

Ss40004 is a Japanese and Chinese has has their own standard .

Section 2 Part A
The two most common carbon steel piping materials used in the petrochemical industry are
ASTM A53 and ASTM A106
4.1.1.4 Cast iron piping is generally used for nonhazardous service
4.1.2.5 Historically, many of the failures in FRP piping are related to poor construction
practice.
Standardized FRP piping systems
commonly called commodity piping are manufactured for a variety of services
Nipples are normally 6 in.
(152 mm) or less in length and are most often used in vents at piping high points and drains
at piping low points and
used to connect secondary/auxiliary piping.
Threaded joints that are
located adjacent to rotating equipment or other specific sources of high vibration can be
especially susceptible to
failure due to fatigue. Special consideration should be given to these situations.
t. The governing factor in the inspection plan for many piping circuits is the
piping service classification.
In systems
such as tower overhead systems and hydrotreater units where ammonium salts are present,
the corrosion can occur
in the area of the dead-leg where the metal is at the salting or dew-point temperature , In
hot piping systems, the high
point area can corrode due to convective currents set up in the dead-leg.
At concrete-to-air and asphalt-to-air interfaces for buried piping without cathodic protection,
the inspector should look
for evidence that the caulking or seal at the interface has deteriorated and allowed moisture
ingress. If such a
condition exists on piping systems over 10 years old, it may be necessary to inspect for
corrosion beneath the surface
before resealing the joint.
See API 571 for additional information

Ss40004 is a Japanese and Chinese has has their own standard .

Section 2 Part A

The two most common carbon steel piping materials used in the petrochemical industry are
ASTM A53 and ASTM A106
4.1.1.4 Cast iron piping is generally used for nonhazardous service
4.1.2.5 Historically, many of the failures in FRP piping are related to poor construction
practice.
Standardized FRP piping systems
commonly called commodity piping are manufactured for a variety of services
Nipples are normally 6 in.
(152 mm) or less in length and are most often used in vents at piping high points and drains
at piping low points and
used to connect secondary/auxiliary piping.
Threaded joints that are
located adjacent to rotating equipment or other specific sources of high vibration can be
especially susceptible to
failure due to fatigue. Special consideration should be given to these situations.
t. The governing factor in the inspection plan for many piping circuits is the
piping service classification.
In systems
such as tower overhead systems and hydrotreater units where ammonium salts are present,
the corrosion can occur
in the area of the dead-leg where the metal is at the salting or dew-point temperature , In
hot piping systems, the high
point area can corrode due to convective currents set up in the dead-leg.
At concrete-to-air and asphalt-to-air interfaces for buried piping without cathodic protection,
the inspector should look
for evidence that the caulking or seal at the interface has deteriorated and allowed moisture
ingress. If such a
condition exists on piping systems over 10 years old, it may be necessary to inspect for
corrosion beneath the surface
before resealing the joint.
See API 571 for additional information

Ss40004 is a Japanese and Chinese has has their own standard .

Section 2 Part A
The two most common carbon steel piping materials used in the petrochemical industry are
ASTM A53 and ASTM A106
4.1.1.4 Cast iron piping is generally used for nonhazardous service
4.1.2.5 Historically, many of the failures in FRP piping are related to poor construction
practice.
Standardized FRP piping systems
commonly called commodity piping are manufactured for a variety of services
Nipples are normally 6 in.
(152 mm) or less in length and are most often used in vents at piping high points and drains
at piping low points and
used to connect secondary/auxiliary piping.
Threaded joints that are
located adjacent to rotating equipment or other specific sources of high vibration can be
especially susceptible to
failure due to fatigue. Special consideration should be given to these situations.
t. The governing factor in the inspection plan for many piping circuits is the
piping service classification.
In systems

such as tower overhead systems and hydrotreater units where ammonium salts are present,
the corrosion can occur
in the area of the dead-leg where the metal is at the salting or dew-point temperature , In
hot piping systems, the high
point area can corrode due to convective currents set up in the dead-leg.
At concrete-to-air and asphalt-to-air interfaces for buried piping without cathodic protection,
the inspector should look
for evidence that the caulking or seal at the interface has deteriorated and allowed moisture
ingress. If such a
condition exists on piping systems over 10 years old, it may be necessary to inspect for
corrosion beneath the surface
before resealing the joint.
See API 571 for additional information

Ss40004 is a Japanese and Chinese has has their own standard .

Section 2 Part A
The two most common carbon steel piping materials used in the petrochemical industry are
ASTM A53 and ASTM A106
4.1.1.4 Cast iron piping is generally used for nonhazardous service
4.1.2.5 Historically, many of the failures in FRP piping are related to poor construction
practice.
Standardized FRP piping systems
commonly called commodity piping are manufactured for a variety of services
Nipples are normally 6 in.
(152 mm) or less in length and are most often used in vents at piping high points and drains
at piping low points and
used to connect secondary/auxiliary piping.
Threaded joints that are
located adjacent to rotating equipment or other specific sources of high vibration can be
especially susceptible to
failure due to fatigue. Special consideration should be given to these situations.
t. The governing factor in the inspection plan for many piping circuits is the
piping service classification.
In systems
such as tower overhead systems and hydrotreater units where ammonium salts are present,
the corrosion can occur
in the area of the dead-leg where the metal is at the salting or dew-point temperature , In
hot piping systems, the high
point area can corrode due to convective currents set up in the dead-leg.
At concrete-to-air and asphalt-to-air interfaces for buried piping without cathodic protection,
the inspector should look
for evidence that the caulking or seal at the interface has deteriorated and allowed moisture
ingress. If such a
condition exists on piping systems over 10 years old, it may be necessary to inspect for
corrosion beneath the surface
before resealing the joint.
See API 571 for additional information

Ss40004 is a Japanese and Chinese has has their own standard .

Section 2 Part A
The two most common carbon steel piping materials used in the petrochemical industry are
ASTM A53 and ASTM A106

4.1.1.4 Cast iron piping is generally used for nonhazardous service

4.1.2.5 Historically, many of the failures in FRP piping are related to poor construction
practice.
Standardized FRP piping systems
commonly called commodity piping are manufactured for a variety of services
Nipples are normally 6 in.
(152 mm) or less in length and are most often used in vents at piping high points and drains
at piping low points and
used to connect secondary/auxiliary piping.
Threaded joints that are
located adjacent to rotating equipment or other specific sources of high vibration can be
especially susceptible to
failure due to fatigue. Special consideration should be given to these situations.
t. The governing factor in the inspection plan for many piping circuits is the
piping service classification.
In systems
such as tower overhead systems and hydrotreater units where ammonium salts are present,
the corrosion can occur
in the area of the dead-leg where the metal is at the salting or dew-point temperature , In
hot piping systems, the high
point area can corrode due to convective currents set up in the dead-leg.
At concrete-to-air and asphalt-to-air interfaces for buried piping without cathodic protection,
the inspector should look
for evidence that the caulking or seal at the interface has deteriorated and allowed moisture
ingress. If such a
condition exists on piping systems over 10 years old, it may be necessary to inspect for
corrosion beneath the surface
before resealing the joint.
See API 571 for additional information

Ss40004 is a Japanese and Chinese has has their own standard .

Section 2 Part A
The two most common carbon steel piping materials used in the petrochemical industry are
ASTM A53 and ASTM A106
4.1.1.4 Cast iron piping is generally used for nonhazardous service
4.1.2.5 Historically, many of the failures in FRP piping are related to poor construction
practice.
Standardized FRP piping systems
commonly called commodity piping are manufactured for a variety of services
Nipples are normally 6 in.
(152 mm) or less in length and are most often used in vents at piping high points and drains
at piping low points and
used to connect secondary/auxiliary piping.
Threaded joints that are
located adjacent to rotating equipment or other specific sources of high vibration can be
especially susceptible to
failure due to fatigue. Special consideration should be given to these situations.
t. The governing factor in the inspection plan for many piping circuits is the
piping service classification.
In systems
such as tower overhead systems and hydrotreater units where ammonium salts are present,
the corrosion can occur
in the area of the dead-leg where the metal is at the salting or dew-point temperature , In
hot piping systems, the high

point area can corrode due to convective currents set up in the dead-leg.
At concrete-to-air and asphalt-to-air interfaces for buried piping without cathodic protection,
the inspector should look
for evidence that the caulking or seal at the interface has deteriorated and allowed moisture
ingress. If such a
condition exists on piping systems over 10 years old, it may be necessary to inspect for
corrosion beneath the surface
before resealing the joint.
See API 571 for additional information

Ss40004 is a Japanese and Chinese has has their own standard .

Section 2 Part A
The two most common carbon steel piping materials used in the petrochemical industry are
ASTM A53 and ASTM A106
4.1.1.4 Cast iron piping is generally used for nonhazardous service
4.1.2.5 Historically, many of the failures in FRP piping are related to poor construction
practice.
Standardized FRP piping systems
commonly called commodity piping are manufactured for a variety of services
Nipples are normally 6 in.
(152 mm) or less in length and are most often used in vents at piping high points and drains
at piping low points and
used to connect secondary/auxiliary piping.
Threaded joints that are
located adjacent to rotating equipment or other specific sources of high vibration can be
especially susceptible to
failure due to fatigue. Special consideration should be given to these situations.
t. The governing factor in the inspection plan for many piping circuits is the
piping service classification.
In systems
such as tower overhead systems and hydrotreater units where ammonium salts are present,
the corrosion can occur
in the area of the dead-leg where the metal is at the salting or dew-point temperature , In
hot piping systems, the high
point area can corrode due to convective currents set up in the dead-leg.
At concrete-to-air and asphalt-to-air interfaces for buried piping without cathodic protection,
the inspector should look
for evidence that the caulking or seal at the interface has deteriorated and allowed moisture
ingress. If such a
condition exists on piping systems over 10 years old, it may be necessary to inspect for
corrosion beneath the surface
before resealing the joint.
See API 571 for additional information

Ss40004 is a Japanese and Chinese has has their own standard .

Section 2 Part A
The two most common carbon steel piping materials used in the petrochemical industry are
ASTM A53 and ASTM A106
4.1.1.4 Cast iron piping is generally used for nonhazardous service
4.1.2.5 Historically, many of the failures in FRP piping are related to poor construction
practice.
Standardized FRP piping systems

commonly called commodity piping are manufactured for a variety of services

Nipples are normally 6 in.
(152 mm) or less in length and are most often used in vents at piping high points and drains
at piping low points and
used to connect secondary/auxiliary piping.
Threaded joints that are
located adjacent to rotating equipment or other specific sources of high vibration can be
especially susceptible to
failure due to fatigue. Special consideration should be given to these situations.
t. The governing factor in the inspection plan for many piping circuits is the
piping service classification.
In systems
such as tower overhead systems and hydrotreater units where ammonium salts are present,
the corrosion can occur
in the area of the dead-leg where the metal is at the salting or dew-point temperature , In
hot piping systems, the high
point area can corrode due to convective currents set up in the dead-leg.
At concrete-to-air and asphalt-to-air interfaces for buried piping without cathodic protection,
the inspector should look
for evidence that the caulking or seal at the interface has deteriorated and allowed moisture
ingress. If such a
condition exists on piping systems over 10 years old, it may be necessary to inspect for
corrosion beneath the surface
before resealing the joint.
See API 571 for additional information

Ss40004 is a Japanese and Chinese has has their own standard .

Section 2 Part A
The two most common carbon steel piping materials used in the petrochemical industry are
ASTM A53 and ASTM A106
4.1.1.4 Cast iron piping is generally used for nonhazardous service
4.1.2.5 Historically, many of the failures in FRP piping are related to poor construction
practice.
Standardized FRP piping systems
commonly called commodity piping are manufactured for a variety of services
Nipples are normally 6 in.
(152 mm) or less in length and are most often used in vents at piping high points and drains
at piping low points and
used to connect secondary/auxiliary piping.
Threaded joints that are
located adjacent to rotating equipment or other specific sources of high vibration can be
especially susceptible to
failure due to fatigue. Special consideration should be given to these situations.
t. The governing factor in the inspection plan for many piping circuits is the
piping service classification.
In systems
such as tower overhead systems and hydrotreater units where ammonium salts are present,
the corrosion can occur
in the area of the dead-leg where the metal is at the salting or dew-point temperature , In
hot piping systems, the high
point area can corrode due to convective currents set up in the dead-leg.
At concrete-to-air and asphalt-to-air interfaces for buried piping without cathodic protection,
the inspector should look

for evidence that the caulking or seal at the interface has deteriorated and allowed moisture
ingress. If such a
condition exists on piping systems over 10 years old, it may be necessary to inspect for
corrosion beneath the surface
before resealing the joint.
See API 571 for additional information

Ss40004 is a Japanese and Chinese has has their own standard .

Section 2 Part A
The two most common carbon steel piping materials used in the petrochemical industry are
ASTM A53 and ASTM A106
4.1.1.4 Cast iron piping is generally used for nonhazardous service
4.1.2.5 Historically, many of the failures in FRP piping are related to poor construction
practice.
Standardized FRP piping systems
commonly called commodity piping are manufactured for a variety of services
Nipples are normally 6 in.
(152 mm) or less in length and are most often used in vents at piping high points and drains
at piping low points and
used to connect secondary/auxiliary piping.
Threaded joints that are
located adjacent to rotating equipment or other specific sources of high vibration can be
especially susceptible to
failure due to fatigue. Special consideration should be given to these situations.
t. The governing factor in the inspection plan for many piping circuits is the
piping service classification.
In systems
such as tower overhead systems and hydrotreater units where ammonium salts are present,
the corrosion can occur
in the area of the dead-leg where the metal is at the salting or dew-point temperature , In
hot piping systems, the high
point area can corrode due to convective currents set up in the dead-leg.
At concrete-to-air and asphalt-to-air interfaces for buried piping without cathodic protection,
the inspector should look
for evidence that the caulking or seal at the interface has deteriorated and allowed moisture
ingress. If such a
condition exists on piping systems over 10 years old, it may be necessary to inspect for
corrosion beneath the surface
before resealing the joint.
See API 571 for additional information

Ss40004 is a Japanese and Chinese has has their own standard .

Section 2 Part A
The two most common carbon steel piping materials used in the petrochemical industry are
ASTM A53 and ASTM A106
4.1.1.4 Cast iron piping is generally used for nonhazardous service
4.1.2.5 Historically, many of the failures in FRP piping are related to poor construction
practice.
Standardized FRP piping systems
commonly called commodity piping are manufactured for a variety of services
Nipples are normally 6 in.

(152 mm) or less in length and are most often used in vents at piping high points and drains
at piping low points and
used to connect secondary/auxiliary piping.
Threaded joints that are
located adjacent to rotating equipment or other specific sources of high vibration can be
especially susceptible to
failure due to fatigue. Special consideration should be given to these situations.
t. The governing factor in the inspection plan for many piping circuits is the
piping service classification.
In systems
such as tower overhead systems and hydrotreater units where ammonium salts are present,
the corrosion can occur
in the area of the dead-leg where the metal is at the salting or dew-point temperature , In
hot piping systems, the high
point area can corrode due to convective currents set up in the dead-leg.
At concrete-to-air and asphalt-to-air interfaces for buried piping without cathodic protection,
the inspector should look
for evidence that the caulking or seal at the interface has deteriorated and allowed moisture
ingress. If such a
condition exists on piping systems over 10 years old, it may be necessary to inspect for
corrosion beneath the surface
before resealing the joint.
See API 571 for additional information

Ss40004 is a Japanese and Chinese has has their own standard .

Section 2 Part A
The two most common carbon steel piping materials used in the petrochemical industry are
ASTM A53 and ASTM A106
4.1.1.4 Cast iron piping is generally used for nonhazardous service
4.1.2.5 Historically, many of the failures in FRP piping are related to poor construction
practice.
Standardized FRP piping systems
commonly called commodity piping are manufactured for a variety of services
Nipples are normally 6 in.
(152 mm) or less in length and are most often used in vents at piping high points and drains
at piping low points and
used to connect secondary/auxiliary piping.
Threaded joints that are
located adjacent to rotating equipment or other specific sources of high vibration can be
especially susceptible to
failure due to fatigue. Special consideration should be given to these situations.
t. The governing factor in the inspection plan for many piping circuits is the
piping service classification.
In systems
such as tower overhead systems and hydrotreater units where ammonium salts are present,
the corrosion can occur
in the area of the dead-leg where the metal is at the salting or dew-point temperature , In
hot piping systems, the high
point area can corrode due to convective currents set up in the dead-leg.
At concrete-to-air and asphalt-to-air interfaces for buried piping without cathodic protection,
the inspector should look
for evidence that the caulking or seal at the interface has deteriorated and allowed moisture
ingress. If such a

condition exists on piping systems over 10 years old, it may be necessary to inspect for
corrosion beneath the surface
before resealing the joint.
See API 571 for additional information

Ss40004 is a Japanese and Chinese has has their own standard .

Section 2 Part A
The two most common carbon steel piping materials used in the petrochemical industry are
ASTM A53 and ASTM A106
4.1.1.4 Cast iron piping is generally used for nonhazardous service
4.1.2.5 Historically, many of the failures in FRP piping are related to poor construction
practice.
Standardized FRP piping systems
commonly called commodity piping are manufactured for a variety of services
Nipples are normally 6 in.
(152 mm) or less in length and are most often used in vents at piping high points and drains
at piping low points and
used to connect secondary/auxiliary piping.
Threaded joints that are
located adjacent to rotating equipment or other specific sources of high vibration can be
especially susceptible to
failure due to fatigue. Special consideration should be given to these situations.
t. The governing factor in the inspection plan for many piping circuits is the
piping service classification.
In systems
such as tower overhead systems and hydrotreater units where ammonium salts are present,
the corrosion can occur
in the area of the dead-leg where the metal is at the salting or dew-point temperature , In
hot piping systems, the high
point area can corrode due to convective currents set up in the dead-leg.
At concrete-to-air and asphalt-to-air interfaces for buried piping without cathodic protection,
the inspector should look
for evidence that the caulking or seal at the interface has deteriorated and allowed moisture
ingress. If such a
condition exists on piping systems over 10 years old, it may be necessary to inspect for
corrosion beneath the surface
before resealing the joint.
See API 571 for additional information

Ss40004 is a Japanese and Chinese has has their own standard .

Section 2 Part A
The two most common carbon steel piping materials used in the petrochemical industry are
ASTM A53 and ASTM A106
4.1.1.4 Cast iron piping is generally used for nonhazardous service
4.1.2.5 Historically, many of the failures in FRP piping are related to poor construction
practice.
Standardized FRP piping systems
commonly called commodity piping are manufactured for a variety of services
Nipples are normally 6 in.
(152 mm) or less in length and are most often used in vents at piping high points and drains
at piping low points and
used to connect secondary/auxiliary piping.

Threaded joints that are

located adjacent to rotating equipment or other specific sources of high vibration can be
especially susceptible to
failure due to fatigue. Special consideration should be given to these situations.
t. The governing factor in the inspection plan for many piping circuits is the
piping service classification.
In systems
such as tower overhead systems and hydrotreater units where ammonium salts are present,
the corrosion can occur
in the area of the dead-leg where the metal is at the salting or dew-point temperature , In
hot piping systems, the high
point area can corrode due to convective currents set up in the dead-leg.
At concrete-to-air and asphalt-to-air interfaces for buried piping without cathodic protection,
the inspector should look
for evidence that the caulking or seal at the interface has deteriorated and allowed moisture
ingress. If such a
condition exists on piping systems over 10 years old, it may be necessary to inspect for
corrosion beneath the surface
before resealing the joint.
See API 571 for additional information

Ss40004 is a Japanese and Chinese has has their own standard .

Section 2 Part A