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lan W. Eames
I n s t i t u t e o f Building T e c h n o l o g y , D e p a r t m e n t o f A r c h i t e c t u r e a n d
Building T e c h n o l o g y , T h e U n i v e r s i t y o f N o t t i n g h a m , U n i v e r s i t y P a r k ,
Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
Received 22 July 1996; revised 6 January 1997; accepted 6 February 1997
This paper describes an experimental study of a steam-ejector refrigerator using an
ejector with a primary nozzle that could be moved axially within the mixing chamber
section. The effects on coefficient of performance and cooling capacity produced by
adjusting the position of the nozzle were studied. The experimental rig and method are
described and results are presented which clearly show the benefit of using such a primary
nozzle. Copyright Elsevier Science Ltd and IIR.
(Keywords:refrigeratingmachine;ejector;design;performance)
352
353
An experimental refrigerator
An experimental refrigerator with a cooling capacity
of 2kW was constructed. Water was used as the
refrigerant. Figure 2 shows a schematic diagram of the
system. The boiler design was based on the thermosyphon principle. Its maximum heating capacity was
super heater
evaporator
steam boiler
Y-
condenser
to drain
cooling water
solenoid valve
354
............
-~
2.0
8.0
100ram
_,40mm ,_
210mm
~_~-
40mm~]
15
~"
~"
~
~
10
NXP (mm)
m i x i n g c h a m b e r inlet
I
-30
-10
10
30
50
355
20
evaporator cooling load 685 W
boiler temperature
140C
condenser pressure
~7
35 mbar
+
40 mbar
A
45 mbar
0
50 mbar
[]
55 mbar
60 mbar
c,._..
a......~....~
.,:-d
i.
mixingchamberinlet
o
-30
-10
10
NXP (ram)
f
30
50
356
25
0.30
31
28
I
__
34
~__L~__
37
Tcon (C)
e~
0.24
tt
boiler temperature
130C
boiler pressure
2.7 bar
evaporator temperature 5C
A
NXP = 4 mm
o
NXP = 11 mm
V
NXP = 26 mm
[]
NXP = 41 mm
O
NXP = 56 mm
zx
0.18
--
0. t2
0.06
0.00
30
Pcon (mbar)
4O
60
50
m i x i n g c h a m b e r c a u s e d t h e C O P to fall a n d c o o l i n g
c a p a c i t y to d e c r e a s e w h e n t h e boiler i n p u t w a s
m a i n t a i n e d c o n s t a n t . H o w e v e r , t h e cycle c o u l d be
o p e r a t e d a t a h i g h e r critical c o n d e n s e r p r e s s u r e . By
retracting the nozzle from the mixing chamber, the
C O P a n d c o o l i n g c a p a c i t y c a n be i n c r e a s e d at t h e
e x p e n s e o f t h e critical c o n d e n s e r p r e s s u r e .
Temp. (C)
Pressure
(mbar)
Qevap (W)
COP
-4
11
26
41
56
29.5
29.8
30.8
31.2
31.9
41
42
44
45
47
754
650
528
458
372
0.2238
0.1929
0.1567
0.1360
0.1104
0.5
e~
26
I
30
I
34
I
38
Tcon (C)
Tboiler = 120 C
0,4
-- /
- NXP = 26 mm
........ NXP = I 1 mm
125C
,
03
130C
. /
0.2
- ' - ~ ~ a
-g~..
/~Teva
p = 10.0oc
~ - - /
"':-~-~_2,'
01
,-140oc
! :/i
50oc
Peon (mbar)
0,0
25
35
i i
45
55
65
26
i
30
357
34
38
1400
Tcn (C)
Tboiler = 120C 125oc
130oC
135C
,
- , ~ - __/_. __ ,"
1000
.
--7---
f 140C
t--~ .....
f-
k,\
I I
Z;--
Tevap = 10.0C
600
- NXP = 26 mm
........ NXP = 1 l mm
~k~-...5.0o C
~
Pcon (mbar)
200
35
25
45
55
65
Temperature (C)
Operating point
on the figures
NXP (mm)
COP
Evaporator
Boiler
Evaporator
Boiler
Condenser
pressure (mbar)
a
b
c
d
e
f
g
h
i
26
26
26
26
26
26
26
I1
11
0.210
0.210
0.210
0.225
0.240
0.278
0.197
0.210
0.261
710
710
710
710
752
936
690
710
850
3369
3369
3369
3160
3138
3369
3510
3369
3257
7.5
7.5
7.5
7.0
7.5
10.0
7.5
6.0
7.5
130.0
1300
130.0
127.2
126.9
130.0
131.7
130.0
128.5
45.7
42.5
25.0
42.5
42.5
47.6
47.6
42.5
42.5
* The data provided in this table are obtained graphically from the figures
3,58
coP).
Conclusions
References
1
2
3
Eames, I. W., Aphornratana, S., Haider, H. A theoretical and experimental study of a small scale steam
jet refrigerator. Int. J. Refrig. (1995) 18 378-386
ESDU, Ejector and jet pump, data item 86030, ESDU
International Ltd, London, UK, (1985)
Keenan, J. H., Neumann, E. P., Lustwerk, F. An investigation of ejector design by analysis and experiment.
ASME J. Appl. Mech., (1950), Sept. 299-309
Hamner, R. M. An investigation of an ejector-compression refrigeration cycle and its applications to
heating, cooling, and energy conservation. Ph.D. thesis, The University of Alabama, Birmingham, USA
(1978)
Zeren, F. Freon-12 vapor compression jet pump solar
cooling system. Ph.D. thesis, Texas A&M University,
USA (1982)