GUIDELINES FOR B.

TECH PROJECT
REPORT PREPARATION

DEPARTMENT OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING

DEEN BANDHU CHOTU RAN UNIVERSITY OF SCINCE
& TECHNOLOGY, MURTHAL, SONIPAT (INDIA)

The aim of this document is to present the basic guidelines on how a report should be
prepared for B. Tech. project. Any student must follow the rules and guidelines that have
been laid out in the following sections while writing their final report. It must also be
kept in mind that the soft copy of the report will also have to be submitted to the
respective guides for future reference.
Order of the Contents

Cover page(Front cover)

Declaration and Certificate
Acknowledgement
Contents
List of figures with page numbers
List of tables with page numbers
Main text (Introduction to Results and conclusions)
References
Appendix

Paper quality: The project report shall be printed on white bond paper.
Size: Standard paper size A4 should be used.
Page number: Page should be numbered consecutively and clearly and should be
centered at the bottom of the pages. No page number should be indicated on title page
(first inner page), Pagination for pages before the Introduction chapter shall be in lower
case Roman numerals, e.g., i, ii, iii, iv. From main text to end of report HinduArabic numerals , e.g., 1, 2, 3, 4, . should be used. All typing should be on right hand
pages only.
Project report should be spiral bound

Margin: Top 1.0, Bottom 1.0 Left 1.5 Right 1.0

Line spacing: 1.5

Font: Times new roman, size 12 for text, headings & subheadings. Heading and
subheadings should be in bold.
Chapter: Each chapter shall begin on a fresh page. The chapters should have numbers in
Hindu-Arabic numerals and should be written as Chapter 1, Chapter 2, etc. This should
be followed by the title of the chapter (e.g., Introduction, etc.). The font size should be
16-point, bold for the titles and chapter.

CALCULATION FOR DESIGN OF SHELL

AND TUBE HEAT EXCHANGER
A MINOR PROJECT REPORT
submitted in partial fulfillment of
the requirements for the award of the degree
of
BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY
in
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING

Submitted by
RAHUL
(12001005038)

DEPARTMENT OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING

DEEN BANDHU CHOTU RAN UNIVERSITY OF SCINCE & TECHNOLOGY,
MURTHAL, SONIPAT (INDIA)
November, Year

DECLARATION
I hereby declare that the work which is being presented in this project report entitled
CALCULATION FOR DESIGN OF SHELL AND TUBE HEAT EXCHANGER in
partial fulfillment of the requirement for the award of degree Bachelor of Technology in
Chemical Engineering submitted to Department of Chemical Engineering, Deenbandhu
Chhotu Ram University of Science & Technology, Murthal, Sonepat (Haryana) is an
authentic record of my own work under the supervision of Dr Manju Rani, designation,
Department of Chemical Engineering, Deenbandhu Chhotu Ram University of Science &
Technology, Murthal, Sonepat (Haryana).
The matter presented in this report has not been submitted by me for the award of any
other Degree/Diploma.

Date:

RAHUL
(12001005038)

CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that the above statement made by the candidate is correct to the best of
my knowledge.

Date:

Dr. Manju Rani

Associate Professor
Department of Chemical Engg.
DCRUST, Murthal, Sonepat
(Haryana)

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I would like to express my profound gratitude and deep regards to my guide Dr. Manju
Rani for his exemplary guidance, monitoring and constant encouragement throughout the
course of my project work, for his expertise in the field of chemical engineering and for
having faith in me at every stage of my project.

Rahul
12001005038)
B.Tech. (Chemical
Engineering)
DCRUST, Murthal, Sonepat
(Haryana)

ii

CONTENTS
CERTIFICATE
i

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
ii

CONTENTS
iii
LIST OF FIGURES

LIST OF TABLES
vi
1. FUNDAMENTALS OF VAPOR LIQUID PHASE EQUILIBRIUM
1.1 Vapor Pressure
1.2 Binary VLE Phase Diagrams
1.3 Physical Property Methods
Relative Volatility
1.5 Bubble Point Calculations
1.6 VLE Non-Ideality
2. ANALYSIS OF DISTILLATION COLUMNS
14
2.1 Design Degrees Of Freedom
14
2.2 Binary McCabe Thiele Method
14
2.2.1 Operating Lines
16
2.2.2 Q-Line
17
2.2.3 Stepping Off Trays
17
2.2.4 Effect of Parameters
17
2.2.5 Limiting Conditions
17
3. SETTING UP A STEADY-STATE SIMULATION
19
3.1 Configuring A New Simulation
19

1
1
2
6
6
7
8

3.2 Specifying Chemical Components and Physical Properties

24
3.3 Specifying Stream Properties
29
iii
3.4 Specifying Equipment Parameters
30
3.5 Running The Simulation
34
3.6 Using Design Spec / Vary Function
37
3.7 Optimum Feed Tray and Minimum Conditions
49
3.8 Column Sizing
4. DISTILLATION ECONOMIC OPTIMIZATION
54
4.1 Heuristic Optimization
54
4.2 Economic Basis
55
4.3 Results
57
REFERENCES
58

iv

LIST OF FIGURES
SNo.
No.
1.1
1.2
1.3

Description

Page

Vapour pressure of pure benzene & Toulene

Txy diagram for benzene and toluene at 1 atm.
Specifying Txy diagram parameters.

2
3
3

LIST OF TABLES
SNo. Description

Page

No.
3.1
3.2
4.1

Effect of Feed Stage on Reboiler Heat Input

Minimum Reflux Ratio
Basis of Economics

vi

CHAPTER 1
FUNDAMENTALS OF VAPOR LIQUID PHASE
EQUILIBRIUM (VLE)

50
50
56

The basis of distillation is phase equilibrium, specifically, vapor liquid (phase)

equilibrium (VLE). Distillation can effect a separation among chemical components only
if the compositions of the vapor and liquid phases that are in phase equilibrium with each
other are different.
The fundamentals of VLE are briefly reviewed in this chapter.
1.1 VAPOR PRESSURE

REFERENCES
1. Amiya K. Jana, Process Simulation & Control using ASPEN, Second Edition, New
Delhi, India, PHI learning Pvt. Ltd., 2012.
2. Robert E. Treybal, Mass Transfer Operations, Third Edition, , New Delhi, India,
McGraw International Editions, 1981.

58