Calculation of Retaining Wall (Cantilever H 3 M)

Cantilever wall analysis
Input data
Project
Date : 08/02/2015
Settings
Standard - EN 1997 - DA2
Materials and standards
Concrete structures :
EN 1992-1-1 (EC2)
Coefficients EN 1992-1-1 : standard
Wall analysis
Active earth pressure calculation :
Passive earth pressure calculation :
Earthquake analysis :
Shape of earth wedge :
Base key :
Verification methodology :
Design approach :
Coulomb
Caquot-Kerisel
Mononobe-Okabe
Calculate as skew
The base key is considered as inclined footing bottom
according to EN 1997
2 - reduction of actions and resistances
Permanent actions :
Partial factors on actions (A)

Permanent design situation
Unfavourable
1.35 []
G =
Variable actions :
Q =
1.50 []
Water load :
w =
1.35 []
Partial factor on overturning :
Partial factors for resistances (R)

Re =
Favourable
1.00 []
0.00 []
1.40 []
Partial factor on sliding resistance :
Rh =
1.10 []
Partial factor on bearing capacity :
Rv =
1.40 []
Factor for combination value :
Partial factors for variable actions

0 =
0.70 []
Factor for frequent value :
1 =
0.50 []
Factor for quasi-permanent value :
2 =
0.30 []
Material of structure
Unit weight = 23.56 kN/m 3
Analysis of concrete structures carried out according to the standard EN 1992-1-1 (EC2).
Concrete : C 20/25
Cylinder compressive strength
Tensile strength
fck = 20.00 MPa

fct = 2.20 MPa
Longitudinal steel : B500

Yield strength
fyk = 390.00 MPa
Geometry of structure
No.
1
2
Coordinate
X [m]
0.00
0.00
Depth
Z [m]
0.00
2.70
1
[GeoStructuralAnalysis-CantileverWall| version5.16.13.0| Copyright2013Finespol.sr.o.AllRightsReserved| www.finesoftware.eu]
No.
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
Coordinate
X [m]
0.70
0.70
0.70
0.40
0.40
-0.90
-0.90
-0.40
-0.20
Depth
Z [m]
2.70
3.00
3.20
3.20
3.00
3.00
2.70
2.70
0.00
The origin [0,0] is located at the most upper right point of the wall.
Wall section area = 1.35 m2.
Basic soil parameters

No.
Name
Pattern
ef
cef
su
[]
[kPa]
[kN/m3]
[kN/m3]
[]
Clayey sand (SC)
27.00
8.00
18.50
9.50
9.00
High plasticity clay (CH,CV,CE),

consistency stiff Sr > 0.8
15.00
10.00
20.50
11.50
5.00
OCR
[]
Kr
Soil parameters to compute pressure at rest

No.
Name
Clayey sand (SC)

Pattern
Type
calculation
[]
cohesionless
27.00
0.42
cohesive
[]
[]
Soil parameters
Clayey sand (SC)
Unit weight :
= 18.50 kN/m 3
Stress-state :
effective
Angle of internal friction :
ef = 27.00
Cohesion of soil :
cef =
8.00 kPa
Angle of friction struc.-soil :
9.00
=
Soil :
cohesionless
Saturated unit weight :
sat = 19.50 kN/m 3
High plasticity clay (CH,CV,CE), consistency stiff Sr > 0.8

Unit weight :
= 20.50 kN/m 3
Stress-state :
effective
ef = 15.00
Cohesion of soil :
cef = 10.00 kPa
Angle of friction struc.-soil :
5.00
=
Soil :
cohesive
Poisson's ratio :
0.42
=
sat = 21.50 kN/m 3
2
Geological profile and assigned soils

No.
Layer
[m]
Assigned soil
Pattern
1.00 Clayey sand (SC)
Terrain profile
Terrain behind the structure is flat.
Water influence
GWT behind the structure lies at a depth of 2.00 m
Uplift in foot. bottom due to different pressures is not considered.
Input surface surcharges

No.
1
Surcharge
new
change
YES
Action
permanent
Mag.1
[kN/m2]
10.00
Mag.2
[kN/m2]
Ord.x
x [m]
0.00
Length
l [m]
7.00
Depth
z [m]
on terrain
Resistance on front face of the structure

Resistance on front face of the structure is not considered.
Settings of the stage of construction

Design situation : permanent
The wall is free to move. Active earth pressure is therefore assumed.
Verification No. 1
Forces acting on construction
Fhor
Name
Weight - wall
Weight - earth wedge
Active pressure
Water pressure
Uplift pressure
Surch.1 - strip
[kN/m]
0.00
0.00
15.36
7.20
0.00
4.99
App.Pt.
z [m]
-0.95
-0.74
-0.65
-0.20
-3.00
-0.83
Fvert
[kN/m]
31.81
4.34
19.83
0.00
0.00
3.99
App.Pt.
x [m]
0.80
1.12
1.29
0.90
0.90
1.20
Coeff.
overtur.
1.000
1.000
1.350
1.350
1.000
1.350
Coeff.
sliding
1.000
1.000
1.350
1.350
1.000
1.350
Coeff.
stress
1.350
1.350
1.350
1.350
1.000
1.350
Verification of complete wall

Check for overturning stability
Resisting moment
Mres = 50.80 kNm/m
Overturning moment Movr = 21.00 kNm/m
Wall for overturning is SATISFACTORY
Check for slip
Resisting horizontal force Hres = 43.60 kN/m
Active horizontal force
Hact = 28.44 kN/m
Wall for slip is SATISFACTORY
3
Overall check - WALL is SATISFACTORY

Maximum stress in footing bottom : 59.46 kPa
Bearing capacity of foundation soil

Forces acting at the centre of the footing bottom
Moment
[kNm/m]
No.
1
2
4.09
4.52
Norm. force
[kN/m]
84.94
72.39
Shear Force
[kN/m]
26.37
27.93
Eccentricity
[m]
Stress
[kPa]
59.46
52.28
0.09
0.11
Spread footing verification

Input data
Settings
Materials and standards
Concrete structures :
EN 1992-1-1 (EC2)
Coefficients EN 1992-1-1 : standard
Settlement
Analysis method :
Analysis using oedometric modulus
Restriction of influence zone :
by percentage of Sigma,Or
Coeff. of restriction of influence zone : 10.0 [%]
Spread Footing
Analysis for drained conditions : EC 7-1 (EN 1997-1:2003)
Verification methodology :
according to EN 1997
Design approach :
Unfavourable
1.35 []
G =
Permanent actions :
Favourable
1.00 []

Partial factor on vertical bearing capacity :
Rvs =
1.40 []
Rhs =
1.10 []
Partial factor on sliding resistance :

Basic soil parameters
No.
Name
Pattern
ef
[]
cef
su
[kPa]
[kN/m3]
[kN/m3]
[]
Clayey sand (SC)
27.00
8.00
18.50
9.50
9.00

15.00
10.00
20.50
11.50
5.00
OCR
[]
Kr
Soil parameters to compute pressure at rest

No.
1
Name
Clayey sand (SC)
Pattern
Type
calculation
[]
cohesionless
27.00
[]
-
[]
-
4
No.
2
Name
Pattern

Type
calculation
cohesive
[]
[]
-
0.42
Kr
OCR
[]
[]
-
Soil parameters
Clayey sand (SC)
Unit weight :
= 18.50 kN/m 3

ef = 27.00
Cohesion of soil :
cef =
8.00 kPa
Oedometric modulus :
Eoed = 12.50 MPa
sat = 19.50 kN/m 3

Unit weight :
= 20.50 kN/m 3

ef = 15.00
Cohesion of soil :
cef = 10.00 kPa
Oedometric modulus :
Eoed = 12.50 MPa
sat = 21.50 kN/m 3
Foundation
Foundation type: strip footing
Depth from original ground surface
Depth of footing bottom
Foundation thickness
Incl. of finished grade
Incl. of footing bottom
hz
d
t
s1
s2
=
=
=
=
=
3.20
0.00
0.30
0.00
7.13
m
m
m
Unit weight of soil above foundation = 18.50 kN/m 3
Geometry of structure
Foundation type: strip footing
Overall strip footing length
Strip footing width (x)
Column width in the direction of x
Volume of strip footing
=
=
=
=
3.00
1.60
0.10
0.48
m
m
m
m3/m
Inserted loading is considered per unit length of continuous footing span.
Material of structure
Unit weight = 23.56 kN/m 3
Analysis of concrete structures carried out according to the standard EN 1992-1-1 (EC2).
Concrete : C 20/25
Cylinder compressive strength
Tensile strength
Elasticity modulus
fck =
20.00 MPa
fct =
2.20 MPa
Ecm = 30000.00 MPa
Longitudinal steel : B500

Yield strength
fyk = 390.00 MPa
Transverse steel: B500

Yield strength
fyk = 500.00 MPa
5
Geological profile and assigned soils

Layer
[m]
No.
Assigned soil
Pattern
Load
No.
1
2
3
4
Load
new change
YES
YES
YES
YES
Name
Type
LC 1
LC 2
LC 3
LC 4
Service
Design
Service
Design
My
N
[kN/m]
[kNm/m]
78.43
-3.82
78.43
-3.82
65.88
-3.86
65.88
-3.86
Hx
[kN/m]
-26.37
-26.37
-27.93
-27.93
Ground water table

The ground water table is at a depth of 2.00 m from the original terrain.
Global settings
Analysis type : analysis for drained conditions

Verification No. 1
Load case verification
Name
LC 2
LC 2
LC 4
LC 4
Self w.
in favor
Yes
No
Yes
No
ex
[m]
-0.05
-0.05
-0.06
-0.06
ey
[m]
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
[kPa]
56.49
57.91
49.08
50.49
Rd
[kPa]
82.06
82.74
75.37
76.25
Utilization
[%]
68.84
69.99
65.12
66.22
Is satisfied
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Analysis carried out with automatic selection of the most unfavourable load cases.
Computed self weight of strip foundation G = 8.79 kN/m

Computed weight of overburden
Z = 0.00 kN/m
Vertical bearing capacity check
Shape of contact stress : rectangle
Most severe load case No. 2. (LC 2)
Parameters of slip surface below foundation:
Depth of slip surface zsp = 1.83 m
Length of slip surface lsp = 4.74 m
Design bearing capacity of found.soil Rd = 82.74 kPa
Extreme contact stress
= 57.91 kPa
Bearing capacity in the vertical direction is SATISFACTORY
6

Horizontal bearing capacity check
Most severe load case No. 4. (LC 4)
Earth resistance: not considered
Friction angle foundation-footing bottom = 27.00
Cohesion foundation-footing bottom
a = 8.00 kPa
Horizontal bearing capacity Rdh = 33.53 kN
Extreme horizontal force
H = 27.93 kN
Bearing capacity in the horizontal direction is SATISFACTORY
Bearing capacity of foundation is SATISFACTORY
Verification No. 1
Settlement and rotation of foundation - input data
Analysis carried out with automatic selection of the most unfavourable load cases.
Analysis carried out with accounting for coefficient 1 (influence of foundation depth).
Stress at the footing bottom considered from the finished grade.
Computed self weight of strip foundation G = 6.51 kN/m

Computed weight of overburden
Z = 0.00 kN/m
Settlement of mid point of longitudinal edge = 3.8 mm
Settlement of mid point of transverse edge 1 = 5.0 mm
Settlement of mid point of transverse edge 2 = 4.2 mm
(1-max.compressed edge; 2-min.compressed edge)
Settlement and rotation of foundation - results

Foundation stiffness:
Computed weighted average modulus of deformation Edef = 6.13 MPa
Foundation in the longitudinal direction is rigid (k=32.28)
Foundation in the direction of width is rigid (k=132.22)
Overall settlement and rotation of foundation:
Foundation settlement = 5.1 mm
Depth of influence zone = 3.03 m
Rotation in direction of width = 0.487 (tan*1000)
Dimensioning No. 1
Fhor
Name
Weight - wall
Pressure at rest
Water pressure
Uplift pressure
Surch.1 - strip
[kN/m]
0.00
35.59
2.44
0.00
11.01
Fvert
App.Pt.
App.Pt.
Coeff.
Coeff.
Coeff.
z [m]
[kN/m]
x [m]
moment norm.force shear for.
-1.20
19.07
0.24
1.000
1.350
1.000
-0.92
0.00
0.40
1.350
1.000
1.350
-0.23
0.00
0.40
1.350
1.000
1.350
-2.70
0.00
0.40
1.000
1.000
1.000
-1.45
0.00
0.40
1.350
1.000
1.350
Wall stem check

Reinforcement and dimensions of the cross-section
Bar diameter
= 13.0 mm
Number of bars
=
5
Reinforcement cover = 30.0 mm
7
Cross-section width = 1.00 m

Cross-section depth = 0.40 m
Reinforcement ratio
Position of neutral axis
Ultimate shear force
Ultimate moment
x
VRd
MRd
=
0.18 %
=
0.02 m
= 130.77 kN
= 79.89 kNm
> 0.15 %
< 0.24 m
> 66.20 kN
> 65.81 kNm
=
=
=
=
min
xmax
VEd
MEd
Cross-section is SATISFACTORY.
Dimensioning No. 2
Fhor
Name
[kN/m]
0.00
0.00
15.36
7.20
0.00
4.99
Weight - wall
Active pressure
Water pressure
Uplift pressure
Surch.1 - strip
App.Pt.
z [m]
-0.95
-0.74
-0.65
-0.20
-3.00
-0.83
Fvert
[kN/m]
31.81
4.34
19.83
0.00
0.00
3.99
App.Pt.
x [m]
0.80
1.12
1.29
0.90
0.90
1.20
Design
coefficient
1.350
1.350
1.350
1.350
1.000
1.350
App.Pt.
x [m]
1.25
1.12
1.29
1.20
1.23
0.90
Design
coefficient
1.350
1.350
1.350
1.350
1.000
1.350
Front wall jump check

Bar diameter
= 13.0 mm
Number of bars
=
5
Reinforcement ratio
Ultimate moment
x
VRd
MRd
=
0.25 %
=
0.02 m
= 105.57 kN
= 57.41 kNm
> 0.15 %
< 0.18 m
> 36.40 kN
> 10.53 kNm
=
=
=
=
min
xmax
VEd
MEd
Dimensioning No. 3
Fhor
Name
Weight - wall
Active pressure
Surch.1 - strip
Contact tractions
Gravity surch. 1
[kN/m]
0.00
0.00
15.36
4.99
0.00
0.00
App.Pt.
z [m]
-0.15
-0.74
-0.65
-0.83
0.00
-3.00
Fvert
[kN/m]
4.95
4.34
19.83
3.99
-29.95
0.05
Back wall jump check

Bar diameter
= 13.0 mm
Number of bars
=
5
8
Reinforcement ratio
Ultimate moment
x
VRd
MRd
=
0.25 %
=
0.02 m
= 105.57 kN
= 57.41 kNm
> 0.15 %
< 0.18 m
> 14.81 kN
> 5.81 kNm
=
=
=
=
min
xmax
VEd
MEd
Slope stability analysis

Input data
Project
Settings
Stability analysis
Verification methodology : according to EN 1997
Design approach :
Permanent actions :

Unfavourable
1.35 []
G =
Variable actions :
Q =
1.50 []
Water load :
w =
1.35 []
Favourable
1.00 []
0.00 []

Partial factor on sliding resistance (on slip surface) :
Rs =
1.10 []
Interface
No.
Interface location
x
0.00
Coordinates of interface points [m]

z
x
z
x
0.00
0.00
-1.00
10.00
z
-1.00
-10.00
-0.40
10.00
-3.00
-2.70
0.00
-0.90
-0.20
-3.00
0.00
-0.90
0.00
-2.70
0.00
0.00
0.70
-1.00
-3.00
0.00
10.00
-2.70
-3.00
0.70
-2.70
9
No.
Interface location
x
-0.90
0.70
Coordinates of interface points [m]

z
x
z
x
-3.00
0.40
-3.00
0.40
-3.20
z
-3.20
0.70
-3.00
0.70
-3.20
10.00
-3.20
-10.00
-4.00
0.00
-4.00
10.00
-4.00
Soil parameters - effective stress state

No.
Name
Pattern
ef
cef
[]
[kPa]
[kN/m3]
Clayey sand (SC)
27.00
8.00
18.50
15.00
10.00
20.50
Soil parameters - uplift

No.
Name
Pattern
sat
[kN/m3]
[kN/m3]
[]
Clayey sand (SC)
19.50
21.50
Soil parameters
Clayey sand (SC)
Unit weight :
= 18.50 kN/m 3
Stress-state :
effective
ef = 27.00
Cohesion of soil :
cef =
8.00 kPa
sat = 19.50 kN/m 3

Unit weight :
= 20.50 kN/m 3
Stress-state :
effective
10

Cohesion of soil :
Rigid bodies
ef =
cef =
sat =
No.
15.00
10.00 kPa
21.50 kN/m 3
Name
Sample
[kN/m3]
Wall material
23.56
Assigning and surfaces

No.
Surface position
Coordinates of surface points [m]

Assigned
x
z
x
z
soil
0.00
0.00
0.00
-1.00
Clayey sand (SC)
10.00
-1.00
10.00
0.00
0.00
0.70
10.00
-2.70
-3.00
-1.00
0.70
10.00
0.00
-2.70
Clayey sand (SC)
-3.00
-1.00
0.70
0.00
0.00
-0.40
-0.90
0.40
-3.00
-2.70
0.00
-2.70
-3.00
-3.20
0.70
0.00
-0.20
-0.90
0.40
0.70
-2.70
Wall material
-1.00
0.00
-2.70
-3.00
-3.20
0.70
10.00
-3.20
-3.00
10.00
0.70
-3.20
Clayey sand (SC)
-3.00
0.00
10.00
0.40
-0.90
-10.00
-4.00
-3.20
-3.20
-3.00
-4.00
10.00
0.70
0.40
-10.00
-4.00
Clayey sand (SC)
-3.20
-3.00
-3.00
11
No.
Coordinates of surface points [m]

Assigned
x
z
x
z
soil
High
plasticity
clay
0.00
-4.00
-10.00
-4.00
(CH,CV,CE), consistency
-10.00
-9.00
10.00
-9.00 stiff Sr > 0.8
10.00
-4.00
Surface position
Surcharge
No.
1
Type
strip
Type of action
permanent
Location
Origin
Length
Width
z [m]
x [m]
l [m]
b [m]
x = 0.00
l = 7.00
on terrain
Slope
q, q1, f, F
[]
0.00
10.00
Magnitude
q2
unit
kN/m2
Water
Water type : GWT
No.
GWT location
x
-10.00
10.00
Coordinates of GWT points [m]

z
x
z
x
-3.20
0.00
-3.20
0.05
-2.00
z
-2.00
Tensile crack
Tensile crack not inputted.
Earthquake
Earthquake not included.
Results (Stage of construction 1)

Analysis 1
Circular slip surface
x=
Center :
z=
R=
Radius :
Slip surface parameters

-1.55 [m]
Angles :
0.90 [m]
6.49 [m]
The slip surface after optimization.
1 =
-53.06 []
2 =
82.03 []
Slope stability verification (Bishop)

Sum of active forces :
Fa = 256.03 kN/m
Sum of passive forces : Fp = 337.36 kN/m
Sliding moment :
Resisting moment :
Utilization : 83.5 %
Ma = 1661.65 kNm/m
Mp = 1990.41 kNm/m
Slope stability ACCEPTABLE
12

Calculation of Retaining Wall (Cantilever H 3 M)

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Calculation of Retaining Wall (Cantilever H 3 M)

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Cantilever wall analysis

Partial factors on actions (A)

Partial factor on overturning :

Partial factors for resistances (R)

Partial factor on sliding resistance :

Partial factor on bearing capacity :

Factor for combination value :

Partial factors for variable actions

Factor for frequent value :

Factor for quasi-permanent value :

fck = 20.00 MPa

Longitudinal steel : B500

fyk = 390.00 MPa

[GeoStructuralAnalysis-CantileverWall| version5.16.13.0| Copyright2013Finespol.sr.o.AllRightsReserved| www.finesoftware.eu]

Basic soil parameters

Clayey sand (SC)

High plasticity clay (CH,CV,CE),

Soil parameters to compute pressure at rest

Clayey sand (SC)

High plasticity clay (CH,CV,CE),

High plasticity clay (CH,CV,CE), consistency stiff Sr > 0.8

Geological profile and assigned soils

1.00 Clayey sand (SC)

2.00 Clayey sand (SC)

1.00 Clayey sand (SC)

High plasticity clay (CH,CV,CE), consistency stiff Sr > 0.8

Input surface surcharges

Resistance on front face of the structure

Settings of the stage of construction

Verification of complete wall

Overall check - WALL is SATISFACTORY

Bearing capacity of foundation soil

Spread footing verification

Partial factors for resistances (R)

Partial factor on sliding resistance :

Clayey sand (SC)

High plasticity clay (CH,CV,CE),

Soil parameters to compute pressure at rest

High plasticity clay (CH,CV,CE),

Angle of internal friction :

High plasticity clay (CH,CV,CE), consistency stiff Sr > 0.8

Angle of internal friction :

Unit weight of soil above foundation = 18.50 kN/m 3

Inserted loading is considered per unit length of continuous footing span.

Longitudinal steel : B500

fyk = 390.00 MPa

Transverse steel: B500

fyk = 500.00 MPa

Geological profile and assigned soils

1.00 Clayey sand (SC)

2.00 Clayey sand (SC)

1.00 Clayey sand (SC)

High plasticity clay (CH,CV,CE), consistency stiff Sr > 0.8

Ground water table

Settings of the stage of construction

Computed self weight of strip foundation G = 8.79 kN/m

Computed self weight of strip foundation G = 6.51 kN/m

Settlement and rotation of foundation - results

Wall stem check

Cross-section width = 1.00 m

Front wall jump check

Back wall jump check

Slope stability analysis