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Target
Sampling
FFT
Filter
Slide 2
Pendahuluan (1 TM)
Dasar DSP : Sinyal dan Sistem (2 TM) + 1 Tugas
ADC dan Segala Aspeknya (1 TM)
Persamaan Beda Koef Linier Konstan (2 TM)
Konvolusi (1 TM) + 1 Tugas
Transformasi Laplace (1 TM)
Transformasi Z (1 TM)
Filter Digital dan Segala Aspeknya (2 TM) + 1 Tugas
Transformasi Fourier (1 TM) + 1 Tugas
TM = Tatap Muka
DSP ???
Contents
What is DSP?
What is DSP used for?
Speech & Audio processing
Image & Video processing
Adaptive filtering
Slide 5
What is DSP?
Digital Signal Processing the processing
or manipulation of signals using digital
techniques
Input
Signal
ADC
Analogue
to Digital
Converter
Digital
Signal
Processor
Slide 6
DAC
Digital to
Analogue
Converter
Output
Signal
Slide 11
1-D signals:
Seismic vibrations
EEG and EKG
Speech
Sonar
Audio & music
Dow-Jones averages
Photographs
Medical images
Radar
Satellite data
Fax
Fingerprints
And of course there are 3-d signals (video, volumetric data sets)
and beyond
Slide 12
Enhance a signal
Image contrast enhancement
Compress a signal
Faster transmission
Less storage space
Slide 15
Speech Processing
Speech coding/compression
Speech synthesis
Speech recognition
Slide 16
oo
in
blue
e
ee
o
s
kin
in
in
inagain
spot
key
key
Slide 17
oo in blue
o in spot
ee in key
Quasi-periodic
Relatively high signal power
Consonants
s in spot
k in key
Non-periodic (random)
Relatively low signal power
Slide 18
e in again
Speech Coding
TRAU
MSC
64 kbits/s
22.8 kbits/s
BSC
13 kbits/s
BTS
Slide 19
se(n)
d(n)
d(n)
+
sr(n)
+
se(n)
Slide 20
A(z)
Decoder
Pitch
Period
Signal Power
Pulse Train
V/U
Vocal Tract
Model
Random Noise
LPC-10:
Slide 21
Synthesized Speech
Text-to-Speech Synthesis
Input
text
To be or
not to be
that is the
question
Tu bee awr
nawt tu bee
dhat iz dhe
kwestchun
Text
normalization
Parsing
expands
abbreviations
dates, times,
money..etc
semantic &
syntactic parts
of speech
analysis of text
Prosody
rules
Apply word
stress, duration
and pitch
Waveform
generation
Phonetic-toacoustic
transformation
phonetic form
Pronunciation
phonetic description
of each word, dictionary
with letter-to-sound
rules as a back up
Synthesized
speech
Speaking clocks
Spoken (variable) announcements
Talking emails + talking heads for mobile
Synthesis of location-based information
(e.g. traffic information)
Interactive systems (e.g. catalogue ordering,
Yellow Pages, ...)
Slide 23
Speech/Speaker Recognition
Speech Recognition What has been spoken?
Speaker dependent Recognition system trained
for a particular persons voice.
Speaker independent Recognition system
expected to deal with a wide variety of speakers.
Phoneme
models
speech
Feature
extraction
Phoneme
recognition
Word
pronunciation
Word
recognition
Semantic
knowledge
Sentence
recognition
Syntactic
knowledge
Slide 25
decision
Dialogue
knowledge
Digital Audio
Standard music CD:
Slide 26
Right
Centre
Surround
Left
Left
Temporal Masking
SPL/dB
SPL/dB
freq/kHz
10ms
Slide 29
160ms
time
Masking Example
60
dB
50
40
30
20
10
200
300
400
500
Hz
Slide 30
600
700
800
Image/Video
Still Image Coding:
JPEG (Joint Photographic Experts Group):
Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT) based
Video Coding:
MPEG (Moving Pictures Experts Group):
DCT-based,
Interframe and intraframe prediction,
Motion estimation.
Slide 31
JPEG Example
Original
JPEG (4:1)
JPEG (100:1)
Slide 32
Slide 34
ECE161C: DSP II
Input Image
Image Classified as a
Day Image
Adaptive Filtering
Self-learning: Filter coefficients adapt in response
to training signal.
d(n)
x(n)
W(z)
e(n)
y(n)
Adaptive equalization
Active noise control
Medical signal processing
e.g. foetal heart beat monitoring
Slide 39
Slide 41
L 1
y ( n)
ai x(n i )
i 0
Pseudo C code
for (n=0; n<N; n++)
{
s=0;
for (i=0; i<L; i++)
{
s += a[i] * x[n-i];
}
y[n] = s;
}
Slide 42
ai
x(n-i)
Y RAM
Multiply/Accumulate
Accumulator
y(n)
DSP at EPSON
Energy-saving Firmware
EPSON Scotland Design Centre develops a
broad range of technologies to minimize
power consumption and maximize cost
effectiveness in mobile DSP applications.
Slide 44
Speech
Audio
Mobile
Services
Baseband processing
Administration
System modelling
Speech compression
MP3
Firmware design
Speech Recognition
Channel coding
CAD Tools
System Integration
Speech synthesis
Performance
Assessment
AMR Coding
Computer
&
Networking
Speech enhancement
Speech Testing
Slide 45
COSSAP
Matlab ...
Behavioural,
RTL, Logic ...
Co-Design
Implementation
Product Development
Slide 46