REPUBLIC OF THE PHILIPPINES

CEBU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY

Main Campus

Cor. R. Palma St., M.J. Cuenco Ave., Cebu City

CONCRETE PAVEMENT
( Research Work )

SUMBITTED TO:
ENGR. RAMEIL TO-ONG

SUBMITTED BY:
GROUP 1

CONCRETE PAVEMENTS ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES

Advantages:
Economically Strategic
Concrete Will Save You Money: Concrete is a competitive material when compared to equivalent
asphalt cross sections. With the increased costs of liquid asphalt, concrete not only competes on life
cycle cost, but also on a first cost basis. Concrete has been shown to be an excellent alternative
when contracts are opened with alternative bidding clauses.
Durability and maintenance free life: Concrete roads have a long service life of forty years,
whereas asphalt roads last for ten years. Moreover, during this service life concrete road do not
require frequent repair or patching work like asphalt roads. But when you factor in annual
maintenance, asphalt pavement can cost four to seven times as much money to maintain. This
saves you long-term on repair and maintenance; an asphalt street would require a major resurfacing
in just 15 years.
Utility Cuts No Problem: If utility cut operations are carried out properly there will be minimal
impact on the pavement's functional serviceability, ride quality, and lifespan. Experience has shown
that it is best to repair or restore concrete pavements with concrete. Proper utility cut restorations,
constructed even with the surrounding pavement, provide a smooth transition that can withstand
traffic loads without future settlement. ACPA has published a step-by-step guide for making a utility
cut in concrete pavement.
Repair: Concrete can even be sprayed in and filled into fine cracks for repairs by Gunting process.
Fuel efficiency: Since concrete pavement requires less repair and maintenance over time, less
energy and fuel is needed for heavy construction equipment. By reducing the amount of fuel used
by cars, trucks and maintenance equipment. Not only that, but trucks use less fuel when traveling on
concrete. That keeps the cost of transporting goods down, and it means lower emissions from
vehicles.
Recyclable: Concrete is 100% recyclable, and the most recycled construction material in the world.
So rather than ending up in your state's landfills, it can be broken down and used in new pavement,
or for other construction purposes.

Strength Stability
Continues to Gain Strength: After its first month in place, concrete continues to slowly gain 10
percent in strength during its lifefrequent repairs are not needed for concrete structures and the
concrete gains strength with age
Longer Lasting Roads: Concrete can withstand even the heaviest traffic loads, without the worry of
ruts, shoving or washboard effects that are common with flexible pavements. Also, concrete roads
will offer forgiveness when future traffic expectancy is underestimated.
No Rutting: Concrete under normal use will not rut, so there is significantly lower risk of water
accumulating in ruts and causing hydroplaning.(*Note: Rut is a long deep track made by the
repeated passage of the wheels of vehicles.)

Beneficial to nature
Vehicles consume less fuel: A vehicle, when run over a concrete road, consumes 15-20% less fuel
than that on asphalt roads. This is because of the fact that a concrete road does not get deflected
under the wheels of loaded trucks.
Resistant to automobile fuel spillage and extreme weather: Unlike asphalt roads,concrete
roads do not get damaged by the leaking oils from the vehicles or by the extreme weather conditions
like excess rain or extreme heat.
Greener process: Asphalt (bitumen) produces lots of highly polluting gases at the time of melting it
for paving. Also, less fuel consumption by the vehicle running on a concrete road means less
pollution.
Saving of natural resources: Asphalt (bitumen) is produced from imported petroleum, the reserve
of which is becoming reduced drastically. On the other hand, concrete (cement) is produced from
abundantly available limestone.
Greener process: Asphalt (bitumen) produces lots of highly polluting gases at the time of melting it
for paving. Also, less fuel consumption by the vehicle running on a concrete road means less
pollution.

Comfort with Convenience

Noise Control: Sound level is primarily a function of the surface finish, not the material it is
constructed from. Many types of concrete pavement surface textures have been developed to
reduce concrete pavement noise-related problems. The concrete pavement textures shown to the
right all produce different noise levels and different frequency spectrums (tones).
Specifying Road Characteristics: Technology in todays road design and placement equipment
allow for owners to specify the ride characteristics of their concrete road. Any future road cut repairs
when finished properly, can be completed quickly without affecting ride quality. In other words, its
versatile.
Smoother for Longer: The rigidity of concrete pavements allows it to keep its smooth riding surface
long after construction.
Variable Design: Concrete pavements can be designed for any load and traffic for streets and
roads, parking lots, intersections and entrances.
Fast-Track Concrete: A type of concrete pavement can be open to traffic in as little as 5 hours
called Fast-track Portland cement concrete (PCC).
Superior Traction: Concrete surfaces can be textured to provide skid resistant surfaces that are
needed to allow safe vehicle breaking action and directional stability. This textured surface also
improves drainage.

Safety
Increased Visibility: Concrete is naturally brighter and more reflective than flexible pavement. This
requires less energy to illuminate comparable areas, which is good for the environment, pedestrian
safety, and can save on street lighting costs.
Fire-safe and resistant: Concrete is a non-combustible material which makes it fire-safe and able
to withstand high temperatures. It is resistant to wind, water, rodents, and insects. Hence, concrete
is often used for storm shelters.
Durability: Rigid concrete is also more durable than asphalt. This means that streets paved with
concrete are less likely to have potholes. The surface of concrete is also better at preventing
automobile skidding, keeping drivers and their families safe.

Disadvantages:
Paving cost: The paving cost of the concrete road is little higher compared to asphalt paving.
Maintenance Problem: In case the concrete road breaks, the whole concrete slab needs to be
replaced. Lots of joints are to provide which prove additional places of weakness.
Creeps and Cracks: Fresh concrete shrinks on drying. It also expands and contracts with wetting
and drying. Provision of contraction joints is to be made to avoid the formation of cracks due to
drying shrinkage and moisture movements. Creep develops in concrete under sustained loads and
this factor is to taken care of while designing dams and pre-stressed concrete structures.
Safety features: In rainy and the winter season vehicles tend to slip or slide on concrete road due to
rain and snow.
Noise: It is a noisy road, as bullock carts or steel wheeled vehicles cause lot of noise while moving
on them.
Time Duration: Usually, 28 days curing is required after completion before they can be opened to
traffic. It is not possible to adopt stage construction programmed in these roads. Need to build them
continuously.
Low Tensile strength: Concrete has low tensile strength and hence cracks easily. Therefore,
concrete is to be reinforced with mild steel bars, high tensile steel bars or mesh.
Efflorescence: Concrete is not entirely impervious to moisture and contains and contains soluble
salts which may cause efflorescence. This requires special care at the joints. Concrete prepared by
using ordinary Portland cement disintegrates by the action of Alkalies, Sulphates, etc. Special types
of cement are to be used under such circumstances.

Sources:

http://www.canpav.com/img/content/What%20You%20Should%20Know%20about%20Concrete
%20Pavements-2.pdf
http://www.scribd.com/doc/60301052/Unit-7-CONSTRUCTION-OF-RIGID-CONCRETEPAVEMENT#scribd

http://www.brighthubengineering.com/concrete-technology/45858concrete-roads-vs-asphalt-roads/

http://civilengineersforum.com/concrete-advantages-disadvantages/
http://cescientist.com/advantages-and-disadvantages-of-concrete/
http://civiltoday.com/civil-engineering-materials/concrete/15-advantages-anddisadvantages-of-concrete

Group 1
Members:
Leah Jean Bernil
Jaybert Dumaran
Charles Vincent Uy
Jose Benjie Oberes
Richard Neil Catubig
Eva Mae Sularte
Jhun Ercel Gdinez
Fave Labrador
Decie Omictin
Justin Honrado
Gain Legarde
Kevin Mendez
Christle Faye Cimafranca
Cristy Ann Katalbas
Rozien Rivera
Kevin Lester Navarro
Denise Rabanos