Peter J.

Weinberger - Programming language design, the 'w' in awk

Joseph Weizenbaum - AI, ELIZA
Adriaan van Wijngaarden - Dutch pioneer; ARRA, ALGOL
Maurice Vincent Wilkes - Microprogramming, EDSAC
Manfred K. Warmuth - Computational Learning Theory
James H. Wilkinson - Numerical analysis
Sophie Wilson
Shmuel Winograd - Coppersmith-Winograd algorithm
Terry Winograd - AI, SHRDLU
Niklaus Wirth - Pascal, Modula, and Oberon languages
Stephen Wolfram - Mathematica
William Wulf - Compilers, President of National Academy of Engineering
Tao Yang
Alec Yasinsac - security
Andrew Chi-Chih Yao
Lotfi Zadeh - Fuzzy logic
Egon Zakrajek - Slovenian pioneer
Konrad Zuse - German pioneer of hardware and software
Erik Acharius (17571819), Swedish botanist
Pedro Alberch i Vi (19541998), Spanish naturalist
Johann Friedrich Adam (18th cent - 1806), Russian botanist
Michel Adanson (17271806), French naturalist (abbr. in botany : Adans.)
Edgar Douglas Adrian (18891977), British electrophysiologist, winner of the 1932
Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for his research on neurons
Adam Afzelius (17501837), Swedish botanist
Carl Adolph Agardh (17851859), Swedish botanist
Jacob Georg Agardh (18131901), Swedish botanist
Louis Agassiz (18071873), Swiss zoologist
Alexander Agassiz (18351910), American zoologist, son of Louis Agassiz
Nikolaus Ager (15681634), French botanist
William Aiton (17311793), Scottish botanist (abbr. in botany : Aiton)
Bruce Alberts (born 1938), American biochemist, former President of the National
Academy of Sciences
Boyd Alexander (18731910), English ornithologist
Horace Alexander (18891989), English ornithologist
Richard D. Alexander (born 1930) American evolutionary biologist
Wilfred Backhouse Alexander (18851965), English ornithologist
Alfred William Alcock (18591933), British naturalist
Salim Ali (18961987), Indian ornithologist
Frdric-Louis Allamand (1736 after 1803), Swiss botanist (abbr. in botany : F.Allam.)
Warder Clyde Allee (18851955), American zoologist and ecologist, identified the Allee
effect
Joel Asaph Allen (18381921), birds, mammals
George James Allman (18121898), British naturalist
Prospero Alpini (15531617), Italian botanist

Sidney Altman (born 1939), Canadian-born molecular biologist, winner of the 1989
Nobel Prize in Chemistry for his work on RNA
Bruce Ames (born 1928), American biochemist, inventor of the Ames test
Jos Alberto de Oliveira Anchieta (18321897), Portuguese naturalist
Jakob Johan Adolf Appellf (18571921), Swedish marine zoologist.
Aristotle (384 BC-322 BC), Greek philosopher
Peter Artedi (17051735), Swedish naturalist
Jean Baptiste Audebert (17591800), French naturalist.
Jean Victoire Audouin (17971841), French zoologist
John James Audubon (17861851), American ornithologist
Charlotte Auerbach (18991994), German geneticist, founded the discipline of
mutagenesis
Gilbert Ashwell (born 1916), American biochemist, pioneer in the study of cell receptor
Richard Axel (born 1946), Nobel prize winning physiologist
Julius Axelrod (19122004), American biochemist, winner of the 1970 Nobel Prize in
Physiology or Medicine for his research on catecholamine neurotransmitters
Joseph Ayers marine neurophysiologist and biomimetic researcher
Flix de Azara (17461811), Spanish naturalist
Churchill Babington (18311881), British archaeologist and conchologist
Bailey Deal (18901969), Irish microbiologist
John Bachman (17901874), American naturalist
Curt Backeberg (18941966), German botanist (abbr. in botany: Backeb.)
Karl Ernst von Baer (17921876), embryology
Liberty Hyde Bailey (18581954), American botanist (abbr. in botany : L.H.Bailey)
Spencer Fullerton Baird (18231887), birds and mammals
John Hutton Balfour (18081884), Scottish botanist (abbr. in botany : Balf.)
David Baltimore (born 1938), Nobel prize
Joseph Banks (17431820), biologist, botanist (abbr. in botany : Banks)
Robert Brny (18761936), Austrian physician, received the 1914 Nobel Prize in
Physiology or Medicine for his research on the vestibular system
Benjamin Smith Barton (17661815), American botanist (abbr. in botany : Barton)
John Bartram (16991777), American botanist (abbr. in botany : Bartram)
William Bartram (17391823), American naturalist (abbr. in botany : W.Bartram)
Anton de Bary (18311888), surgeon, botanist, microbiologist
Henry Walter Bates (18251892), English naturalist
Patrick Bateson (born 1938), English biologist and science writer, President of the
Zoological Society of London
August Johann Georg Karl Batsch (17621802), German botanist, mycologist
Nicolas Baudin (17541803), French botanist
Gaspard Bauhin (15601624), Swiss botanist, introduced binomial nomenclature into
taxonomy, which was used by Linnaeus(abbr. in botany : C.Bauhin)
Johann Matthus Bechstein (17571822), German naturalist (abbr. in botany : Bechst.)
Rollo Beck (18701950), US ornithologist
Charles Emerson Beecher (18561904), US invertebrate paleontologist
Charles William Beebe (18771962), biologist
Martinus Beijerinck (18511931), Dutch microbiologist and botanist, discovered viruses

Thomas Bell (17921880) English naturalist

David Bellamy (born 1933), English botanist
M. A. Benjaminson (born 1930), American microbiologist and biotechnologist, in vitro
meat pioneer
Edward Turner Bennett (17971836), English zoologist
George Bentham (18001884), English botanist (abbr; in botany : Benth.)
Wilson Teixeira Beraldo (19171998), Brazilian physician and physiologist, codiscoverer
of bradykinin
Robert Bentley (18211893), English botanist (abbr. in botany : Bentley)
Hans Berger (18731941), German neuroscientist, one of the founders of
electroencephalography
Claude Bernard (18131878), French physiologist and father of the concept of
homeostasis
Samuel Stillman Berry (18871984), U.S. marine zoologist
Thomas Bewick (17531828), English ornithologist
Colin Bibby (19482004), English ornithologist
Gabriel Bibron (18061848), French zoologist
Johannes Abraham Bierens de Haan (18831953), Dutch biologist and ethologist
Biswamoy Biswas (19231994), Indian ornithologist
Liz Blackburn (born 1948), Australian/US researcher in the field of telomeres and the
'telomerase' enzyme.
John Blackwall (17901881), British entomologist
Henri Marie Ducrotay de Blainville (17771850), French zoologist
Albert Francis Blakeslee (18741954), American botanist, best known for research on
Jimsonweed and the sexuality of fungi
Thomas Blakiston (18321891), English naturalist
William Thomas Blanford (18321905), English naturalist
Pieter Bleeker (18191878), Dutch ichthyologist
Gnter Blobel (born 1936), German Nobel Prize-winning biologist who discovered that
newly synthesized proteins contain "address tags" which direct them to the proper
location within the cell.
Steven Block (born 1952), American biophysicist who measured the mechanical
properties of single bio-molecules
Carl Ludwig Blume (17891862), German-Dutch botanist (abbr. in botany : Blume)
Johann Friedrich Blumenbach (17521840), German physiologist and anthropologist
Edward Blyth (18101873), English zoologist
Pieter Boddaert (17301795 or 1796), naturalist
Cndido Bolvar Pieltain (18971976), Spanish naturalist
Charles Lucien Bonaparte (18031857), French naturalist
James Bond (19001989), American ornithologist
Franco Andrea Bonelli (17841830), Italian ornithologist
August Gustav Heinrich von Bongard (17861839), German botanist
Charles Bonnet (17201793), Swiss naturalist
Aim Bonpland (17731858), French botanist (abbr. in botany : Bonpl.)

Jules Bordet (18701961), Belgian immunologist and microbiologist, winner of the 1919
Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for his discovery of the complement system in the
immune system
Antonina Georgievna Borissova (19031970), Russian botanist
Norman Borlaug (born 1914) is an American agricultural scientist, humanitarian, Nobel
laureate, and the father of the Green Revolution.
Louis Augustin Guillaume Bosc (17591828), French zoologist
George Albert Boulenger (18581937), Belgian zoologist
Jules Bourcier (17971873), French naturalist
Johann Friedrich von Brandt (18021879), German naturalist (abbr. in botany : Brandt)
Christian Ludwig Brehm (17871864), German ornithologist
Alfred Brehm (18291884), German zoologist
Sydney Brenner (born 1927), British molecular biologist, winner of the 2002 Nobel Prize
in Physiology or Medicine
Thomas Mayo Brewer (18141880), American naturalist
William Brewster (18511919), American ornithologist
Mathurin Jacques Brisson (17231806), French zoologist.
Nathaniel Lord Britton (18591934), US Botanist (abbr. in botany : Britton)
Adolphe Theodore Brongniart (18011876), French botanist (abbr. in botany : Brongn.)
Robert Broom (18661951), South African paleontologist
James H. Brown American ecologist.
Robert Brown (17731858), botanist (abbr. in botany : R.Br.)
David Bruce (1855-1931), Scottish pathologist and microbiologist
Jean Guillaume Bruguire (17501798), French naturalist
Morten Thrane Brnnich (17371827), Danish zoologist
Francis Buchanan-Hamilton (17621829), Scottish zoologist and botanist
Stephen L. Buchmann co-author of The Forgotten Pollinators
Linda B. Buck (born 1947), American physiologist, Nobel prize winner
Samuel Botsford Buckley (18091884), American naturalist (abbr. in botany : Buckley)
Buffon (17071788) French naturalist (abbr. in botany : Buffon)
William Bullock (17731849), English naturalist
Walter Buller (18381906), New Zealand naturalist
James Bulwer (17941879), English naturalist and conchologist
Alexander G. von Bunge (18031890), German-Russian zoologist
Luther Burbank (18491926), American horticulturalist
Hermann Burmeister (18071892), German zoologist
Carlos Bustamante (born 1951), American biophysicist, discovered "molecular tweezers"
to manipulate DNA
Ernesto Bustamante (born 1950), Peruvian biochemist, specialist in mitochondria.
Currently works on DNA paternity testing
Jean Cabanis (18161906), German ornithologist
Santiago Ramn y Cajal (18521934), Spanish histologist and Nobel laureate.
Considered the father of neuroscience.
George Caley (17701829), English botanist
Rudolf Jakob Camerarius (16651721), German botanist
Frederick Campion Steward (19041993), British botanist

A. P. de Candolle (17781841), Swiss botanist

Alexis Carrel (18731944), French biologist and surgeon, winner of the 1912 Nobel Prize
in Physiology or Medicine for his work on sutures and organ transplants, advocate of
eugenics
Elie-Abel Carrire (18181896), French botanist
Clodoveo Carrin Mora (18831957), Ecuadorian paleontologist and naturalist
Sean Carroll, American evolutionary development biologist
Rachel Carson (19071964), biologist, author of Silent Spring
George Washington Carver (18601943), American botanist
John Cassin (18131869), American ornithologist
Alexandre de Cassini (17811832), French botanist (abbr. in botany : Cass.)
William E. Castle (18671962), American geneticist
Mark Catesby (16831749), English naturalist
Andrea Cesalpino (15191603), Italian botanist
Francesco Cetti (17261778), Italian zoologist
Carlos Chagas (18791934), Brazilian physician
Adelbert von Chamisso (17811838), German botanist
Min Chueh Chang (19081991), biologist
Frank Michler Chapman (18641945), ornithologist
Martha Chase (19272003), American biologist, conducted the Hershey-Chase
experiment which linked DNA to heredity
Sergei Chetverikov (18801959), Russian population geneticist
Charles Chilton (18601929), New Zealand zoologist
Carl Chun (18521914), German marine biologist
Nathan Cobb (18591932), American biologist, considered the founder of the discipline
of nematology
Alfred Cogniaux (18411916), Belgian botanist (abbr. in bot. : Cogn.)
Stanley Cohen (born 1922), American biologist who won the Nobel Prize Laureate in
Physiology and Medicine (1986) for his discovery of growth factors.
Henry Boardman Conover (18921950), American ornithologist
Timothy Abbott Conrad (18031877), American malacologist
James Graham Cooper (18301902), American naturalist
William Cooper (17981864), American conchologist
Edward Drinker Cope (18401897), fish, reptiles, paleontology
Charles Coquerel (18221867), French navy surgeon and entomologist
Carl Ferdinand Cori (18961984), American biochemist, winner of the 1947 Nobel Prize
in Physiology or Medicine for his work on the Cori cycle
Gerty Cori (19861957), American biochemist, first American woman to win a Nobel
Prize in science, the prize was awarded to her and her husband Carl for their work on the
Cori cycle
Charles B. Cory (18571921), American ornithologist
Elliott Coues (18421899), American ornithologist
Marjorie Courtenay-Latimer (19072004), South African zoologist
Jacques Cousteau (19101997), French marine biologist and explorer
Miguel Rolando Covian (19131992), Argentine-Brazilian neurophysiologist, father of
Brazilian neurophysiology

Philipp Jakob Cretzschmar (17861845), German zoologist

Francis Crick (19162004), one of the discoverers of the structure of the DNA molecule
and a neurobiologist
Nicholas Culpeper (16161654), English botanist
Allan Cunningham (17911839), English botanist
William Curtis (17461799), English botanist
Georges Cuvier (17691832), French naturalist.
Anders Dahl (17511789), (namesake of the Dahlia)
W.H. Dall (18451927), American naturalist and malacologist.
Charles Darwin (18091882), British naturalist
Erasmus Darwin (17311802), doctor, naturalist, grandfather of Charles
Charles Davenport (18661944), American biologist and eugenicsist, founded the
Eugenics Record Office at Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory
Armand David (18261900), French zoologist and botanist
Bernard Davis (19161994), American biologist
Richard Dawkins (born 1941), British evolutionary biologist
Anton de Bary (18311888), German botanist and mycologist
Pierre Antoine Delalande (17871823), French naturalist
Max Delbrck (19061981), German physicist and biologist known for work on the
replication mechanism of viruses
Richard Dell (19202002), New Zealand malacologist
Stefano Delle Chiaje (1794 - 1860), Italian zoologist
Jos Mara de la Fuente Morales (18551932), Spanish biologist
Paul mile de Puydt (18101888), Belgian botanist
Jean Louis Armand de Quatrefages de Brau (18101892), French naturalist
Ren Louiche Desfontaines (17501833), French botanist
Anselme Gatan Desmarest (17841838), French zoologist
Hugo de Vries (18481935), Dutch botanist
Frans de Waal (born 1948), Dutch ethologist, primatologist and psychologist
Ernst Dieffenbach (18111855), German naturalist
Olayo Daz Gimnez (18101885), Spanish botanist
Johann Jacob Dillenius (16841747), German botanist
Walter Dobrogosz (born 1933), American microbiologist, discoverer of Lactobacillus
reuteri
Theodosius Dobzhansky (19001975), American geneticist and evolutionary biologist
Rembert Dodoens (15171585), Flemish botanist
David Don (17991841), British botanist
James Donn (17581813) English botanist
Anton Dohrn (18401909), German marine biologist
Alcide d'Orbigny (18021857), French naturalist
Jean Dorst (19242001), French ornithologist
Henry Doubleday (18081875), British entomologist
David Douglas (17991834), Scottish botanist
Jonas C. Dryander (17481810), Swedish botanist
Renato Dulbecco (born 1914), biologist
Ronald Duman Biological psychiatry

Andr Marie Constant Dumril (17741860), French zoologist

Michel Felix Dunal (17891856), French botanist
Robin Dunbar (born 1947), Italian virologist
Gerald Durrell (19251995), British naturalist
Sylvia Earle (born 1935 ), American oceanographer
John Carew Eccles (19031997), Australian neurophsyiologist and winner of the 1963
Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for his work on the synapse
Christian Friedrich Ecklon (17951868), Danish botanist (bot. abbr. Eckl.)
Gerald Edelman (born 1929) Nobel Prize for immunology work, later work in
neuroscience
George Edwards (16931773), British naturalist
Christian Gottfried Ehrenberg (17951876), German biologist and microscopist
Paul Ehrlich (18541915), German Nobel Prize-winning immunologist
Theodor Eimer (18431898), German zoologist
Daniel Giraud Elliot (18351915), American zoologist
Gnther Enderlein (18721968), German zoologist and entomologist
Stephan Ladislaus Endlicher (18041849), Austrian botanist (abbr. in bot.: Endl.)
Michael S. Engel (born 1971), American paleontologist and entomologist
George Engelmann (18091884), German-American botanist
Adolf Engler (18441930), German botanist (bot. abbr. Engl.)
Johann Christian Polycarp Erxleben (17441777), German naturalist.
Johann Friedrich von Eschscholtz (17931831), Baltic German biologist and explorer,
namesake of the California poppy
Constantin von Ettingshausen (18261897), Austrian botanist
Warren Ewens, American mathematical population geneticist
Thomas Campbell Eyton (18091880), English naturalist
Jean Henri Fabre (18231915), French entomologist
Johan Christian Fabricius (17451808), Danish entomologist
David Fairchild (18691954), American botanist
Hugh Falconer (18081865), Scottish paleontologist
Leonardo Fea (18521903), Italian zoologist
Christoph Feldegg (17801845), Austrian naturalist
Howard Barraclough (Barry) Fell (19171994), English zoologist and pre-Columbian
contact theorist
Dimas Fernndez Galiano (19212002)
Srgio Ferreira (born 1934), Brazilian pharmacologist
Otto Finsch (18391917), German naturalist
Johann Fischer von Waldheim (17711853), German entomologist
James Fisher (19221970), English ornithologist
Ronald Fisher (18901962), British biologist and statistician, one of the founders of
population genetics
Jim Flegg, British ornithologist
Alexander Fleming (18811955), British medical scientist
Walther Flemming (18431905), German physician and anatomist, discoverer of mitosis
and chromosomes
Thomas Bainbrigge Fletcher (18781950) English entomologist

Howard Walter Florey (18981968), a pharmacologist who was the co-inventor of

penicillin
E.B. Ford (19011988) British ecological geneticist
Brian J. Ford (born 1939) British biologist and writer
Peter Forsskl (17321763), Swedish naturalist
Georg Forster (17541794), German naturalist (bot. abbr.: G.Forst.)
Johann Reinhold Forster (17291798), German naturalist
Robert Fortune (18131880), Scottish botanist
Dian Fossey (19321985), zoologist
Rosalind Franklin (19201958), contributor to the discovery of the structure of DNA
Elias Magnus Fries (17941878), one of the founders of modern mushroom taxonomy
Karl von Frisch (18861982), Austrian ethologist and Nobel laureate, best known for
pioneering studies of bees
Imre Frivaldszky (17991870), Hungarian botanist
Leonhart Fuchs (15011566), German botanist
Louis Agassiz Fuertes (18741927), American ornithologist
Joseph Gaertner (17321791), German botanist
Franois Gagnepain (18661952), French botanist
Joseph Paul Gaimard (17961858), French
Birut Galdikas (born 1946), Canadian primatologist, conducted pioneering studies on
orangutans
William Gambel (18231849), American naturalist
Prosper Garnot (17941838), French naturalist
Charles Gaudichaud-Beaupr (17891854), French botanist
Michael Gazzaniga, American cognitive neuroscientist, best known for his research on
split-brain patients
Pedro Gregorio de Echanda Jimnez (17461817)
Dirk Cornelis Geijskes (19071985), Dutch biologist and ethologist
Howard Scott Gentry (19031993), American botanist
John Gerard (15451611/12), English botanist
Conrad von Gesner (15161565), Swiss naturalist (bot. abbr. : Gesner)
Luca Ghini (14901566), Italian botanist
John H. Gillespie, American molecular evolutionist and population geneticist
Charles Henry Gimingham (born 1923), British botanist
Charles Frdric Girard (18221895), French biologist, ichthyologist, herpetologist
Johann Friedrich Gmelin (17481804), German naturalist (bot. abbr.: J.F.Gmel.)
Johann Georg Gmelin (17091755), German naturalist (bot. abbr.: J.G.Gmel.)
Samuel Gottlieb Gmelin (17441774), German botanist (bot. abbr. : S.G.Gmel.)
Frederick DuCane Godman (18341919), English naturalist and ornithologist
mil Goeldi (18591917), Swiss-Brazilian naturalist and zoologist
Johann Wolfgang von Goethe (17491832), known for his literary works but also a
scientist. In biology: his theory of plant metamorphosis stipulated that all plant formation
stems from a modification of the Leaf.
Camillo Golgi (18431926), Italian physician and Nobel prize winner, pioneer in
neurobiology

Jane Goodall (born 1934), British primatologist, ethologist and anthropologist, bestknown for conducting a forty-year study of chimpanzee social and family life.
George Gordon (18061879), British botanist
Philip Henry Gosse (18101888), English naturalist
John Gould (18041881), English ornithologist
Stephen Jay Gould (19412002), US paleontologist
Alfred Grandidier (18361921), French naturalist and explorer
Temple Grandin (born 1947), American animal scientist; world-renowned as a designer
of humane livestock facilities and for her writings on her experience with autism
Chapman Grant (18871983), American herpetologist
Pierre-Paul Grass (18951985), French zoologist
Asa Gray (18101888), US botanist
George Robert Gray (18081872), English zoologist
J.E. Gray (18001875), British zoologist
Andrew Jackson Grayson (18191869), American ornithologist
Edward Grey, 1st Viscount Grey of Fallodon (18621933), British ornithologist
Jan Frederik Gronovius (16901762), Dutch botanist
Pavel Groelj (18831940), biologist and belletrist
Flix douard Gurin-Mneville (17991874), French entomologist
Johann Anton Gldenstdt (17451781), German naturalist
Allvar Gullstrand (18621930), Swedish ophthalmologist, winner of the 1911 Nobel
Prize for Physiology or Medicine "for research on the image formation by the lens of the
eye"
Johann Ernst Gunnerus (17181773), Norwegian botanist
Albert C. L. G. Gnther (18301914), British/German zoologist
Guranda Gvaladze (born 1932), Georgian botanist
Ernst Haeckel (18341919), German physician
Hermann August Hagen (18171893), German entomologist
J. B. S. Haldane (18921964), British geneticist and evolutionary biologist, co-founder of
population genetics
William Donald Hamilton (19362000), British biologist
Thomas Hardwicke (17551835), English naturalist
Alister Clavering Hardy (18961985), English marine biologist and pioneer student of
the biological basis of religion
Richard Harlan (17961843), American naturalist, zoologist, physicist and paleontologist
Denham Harman (born 1916), American biogerontologist, "father of the free radical
theory of aging", nominated for the Nobel Prize in medicine (1995)
Ernst Hartert (18591933), German ornithologist
Gustav Hartlaub (18141900), German zoologist
Karl Theodor Hartweg (18121871), German botanist
William Henry Harvey (18111866) Irish phycologist.
Hans Hass (born 1919), Austrian biologist
Frederik Hasselquist (17221752), Swedish naturalist
Franois HaverSchmidt (19061987) Dutch orthinologist
Arthur Hay, 9th Marquess of Tweeddale (18241878), English ornithologist
Oskar Heinroth (18711945), German biologist, founder of ethology

Wilhelm Hemprich (17961825), German naturalist

Willi Hennig (19131976) German biologist, founder of cladistics
John Stevens Henslow (17961861), English botanist
Alfred Hershey (19081997), American bacteriologist, winner of the 1969 Nobel Prize in
Physiology or Medicine for his work on the genetics of viruses
Archibald Vivian Hill (18861977), British physiologist, winner of the 1922 Nobel Prize
in Physiology or Medicine for his elucidation of the production of mechanical work in
muscles
Brian Houghton Hodgson (18001894), English naturalist
Bruno Hofer (18611916), German fisheries scientist
Johann Centurius Hoffmannsegg (17661849) German botanist, entomologist and
ornithologist
Franciscus Holkema (18401869), Dutch botanist
Jacques Bernard Hombron (17981852), French naturalist
Leroy Hood (born 1939), M.D., Ph.D. American biochemist, developed high speed
automated DNA sequencer.
Robert Hooke (16351703), British scholar
Joseph Dalton Hooker (18171911), British botanist
William Jackson Hooker (17851865), British botanist
Bernardo Houssay (18871971), Argentine physiologist, winner of the 1947 Nobel Prize
in Physiology or Medicine for his discovery of the role played by pituitary hormones in
regulating the amount of blood sugar (glucose) in animals.
Martinus Houttuyn (17201798), Dutch naturalist
Thomas Horsfield (17731859), American naturalist
Albert Howard (18731947), British botanist
Eliot Howard (18731940), English ornithologist
Sarah Blaffer Hrdy (born 1946), U.S. anthropologist who made contributions to
evolutionary psychology and sociobiology.
David H. Hubel (born 1926), Canadian-Born American neurobiologist, winner of the
1981 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for his research on the visual system
Franois Huber (17501831), Swiss naturalist
Ambrosius Hubrecht (18531915), Dutch zoologist
William Henry Hudson (18411922), Argentinian-British ornithologist
Alexander von Humboldt (17691859), German naturalist
Allan Octavian Hume (18291912), British ornithologist
Rob Hume, British ornithologist
George Evelyn Hutchinson (19031991), American ecologist and limnologist
Frederick Wollaston Hutton (18351905), New Zealand biologist and geologist
Thomas Henry Huxley (18251895), British scientist and early advocate of natural
selection
Alpheus Hyatt (18381902), US neo-Lamarckian
Libbie Hyman (18881969), zoologist
Josef Hyrtl (18101894), Austrian anatomist
Hermann von Ihering (18501930), German naturalist
Johann Karl Wilhelm Illiger (17751813), German entomologist
Jan Ingenhousz (17301799), Dutch-born British botanist.

Tom Iredale (18801972), English conchologist and ornithologist

Paul Erdmann Isert (17561789), German botanist
Franois Jacob (born 1920), French Biologist, Nobel Prize
Nikolaus Joseph von Jacquin (17271817), Austrian botanist
William Jardine (18001874), Scottish naturalist
Feliks Pawel Jarocki (17901865), Polish zoologist
Daniel H. Janzen (born 1939), American entomologist and ecologist
Thomas C. Jerdon (18111872), British zoologist and botanist
Wilhelm Johannsen (18571927), (coined the term gene)
David Starr Jordan (18511931), ichthyologist, 1st president of Stanford
Adrien-Henri de Jussieu (17971853), French botanist
Antoine de Jussieu (16861758), French naturalist
Antoine Laurent de Jussieu (17481836), botanist, biologist (botanical abbr.: Juss.)
Bernard de Jussieu (16991777), French naturalist
Ernest Everett Just (18831941), American biologist
Zbigniew Kabata (born 1924), Polish parasitologist
Pehr Kalm (17161779), Swedish botanist
Motoderu Kamo cultivated kimjongilia
Eric R. Kandel (born 1929), Austrian-born American neuroscientist. Winner of the 2000
Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for his work on the neural correlates of memory
Nicole C. Karafyllis, German biologist
Gustav Karl Wilhelm Hermann Karsten (18171908), German botanist
Stuart Kauffman (born 1939), biologist widely known for his promotion of selforganization as a factor in producing the complexity of biological systems and organisms
Johann Jakob Kaup (18031873), German naturalist
Janet Kear (19332004), English ornithologist
Gerald A. Kerkut (19272004), British zoologist and physiologist
Anton Kerner von Marilaun (18311898), Austrian botanist
Arthur Francis George Kerr (18771942), Irish medical doctor, first systematic collector
of plants of Siam
Robert Kerr (17551813), published The Animal Kingdom in 1792
Warwick Estevam Kerr (born 1922), Brazilian geneticist, specialist in bee genetics,
introducer of African bees in Brazil
Motoo Kimura (19241994), Japanese mathematical biologist, working in the field of
theoretical population genetics
William King Gregory (18761970), US zoologist
Norman Boyd Kinnear (18821957), Scottish zoologist
William Kirby (17591850), English entomologist
Heinrich von Kittlitz (17991874), German naturalist
Karl Koch (18091879), German botanist
Robert Koch (18431910), German Nobel Prize-winning physician and bacteriologist
Emil Theodor Kocher (18411917), German physician, winner of the 1909 Nobel Prize
in Physiology or Medicine for "his work on the physiology, pathology and surgery of the
thyroid gland"
Fritz Kberle (19101983), Austrian-Brazilian physician and pathologist, student of
Chagas disease

Alexander Koenig (18581940), German naturalist

Albert von Kolliker (18171905), Swiss physiologist
Charles Konig (17741851), German naturalist
Arthur Kornberg (born 1918), discovered DNA polymerase
Adriaan Kortlandt, (born 1918), Dutch ethologist
Albrecht Kossel (18531927), German physician and winner of the 1910 Nobel Prize in
Physiology or Medicine for his research in cell biology
Hans Adolf Krebs (19001981), German biochemist and winner of the 1953 Nobel Prize
in Physiology or Medicine for his discovery of the citric acid cycle in cellular respiration
Gerard Krefft (18301881), German-born Australian zoologist and palaeontologist
Moacyr Krieger (born 1930), Brazilian physician and physiologist
Kewal Krishan (born 1973), Biological Anthropologist, specialized in Forensic
Anthropology, serving at Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
Schack August Steenberg Krogh (18741949), Danish physiologist, winner of the 1920
Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for the discovery of the mechanism of regulation
of the capillaries in skeletal muscle
Heinrich Kuhl (17971821), German zoologist
Henri Laborit (19141995), French surgeon and physiologist
Bernard Germain tienne de la Ville, Comte de Lacpde (17561825), French naturalist
David Lack (19101973), British ornithologist
Frdric de Lafresnaye (17831861), French ornithologist
Jean-Baptiste Lamarck (17441829), French evolutionist, coined many terms like
biology and fossils
Aylmer Bourke Lambert (17611842), British botanist
Hugh Lamprey (19281996), British ecologist
Joseph Lanjouw (19021984), Dutch botanist
Kai Larsen (born 1926) Danish botanist
John Latham (17401837), English naturalist
Pierre Andr Latreille (17621833), French entomologist
Charles Louis Alphonse Laveran (18451922), French physician, winner of the 1907
Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for his discovery that the cause of malaria is a
protozoa
George Newbold Lawrence (18061855), American ornithologist
William Elford Leach (17901836) English zoologist and marine biologist
Colin Leakey (born 1933), British tropical botanist and specialist in bean science
Joseph Le Conte (18231901), physiologist
Antoni van Leeuwenhoek (16321723), Dutch biologist, developer of the microscope
Franois Leguat (1637?1735), French naturalist
Joseph Leidy (18231891), US paleontologist
Johann Philipp Achilles Leisler (17711813), Dutch naturalist
Juan Lembeye (18161889), Spanish naturalist
Leonardo Da Vinci (14521519), known as an artist but also an anatomist. Dissected
hundreds of specimens and drew exact copies of them.
Jean Baptiste Leschenault de la Tour (17731826), French botanist
Rene Primevere Lesson (17941849), French naturalist
Charles Alexandre Lesueur (17781846), French naturalist

Franois Le Vaillant (17531824), French ornithologist

Richard Lewontin (born 1929), biologist
Wen-Hsiung Li, molecular evolutionary biologist
Emmanuel Liais (18261900), French botanist
Martin Lichtenstein (17801867), German zoologist
Aristid Lindenmayer (19251989), Hungarian biologist
John Lindley (17991865) English botanist
Heinrich Friedrich Link (17671850), German botanist (abbr. in botany : Link)
Carolus Linnaeus (17071778), Swedish botanist; father of the binomial name (abbr L. or
Linn.)
Jacques Loeb (18591924), German-American biologist
Friedrich Loeffler (18521915), German biologist
Konrad Lorenz (19031989), Austrian founder of ethology
Harri Lorenzi (born 1949), Brazilian botanist
John Claudius Loudon (17831843), English botanist
James Lovelock (born 1919), English chemist and father of the gaia hypothesis
Anatole Stephan Loukashkin (19021988), biologist
Percy Lowe (18701948), English ornithologist
Peter Wilhelm Lund (18011880), Danish zoologist and paleontologist
Salvador Luria (19121991), microbiologist, Nobel prize winner
Adolfo Lutz (18551940), Brazilian infectologist, pathologist and public health
researcher
Andr Lwoff (19021994), French microbiologist, winner of the 1965 Nobel Prize in
Physiology or Medicine
Richard Lydekker (18491915), English naturalist
Trofim Lysenko (18981976), Soviet biologist and agronomist. In 1948 he officially
denounced genetics. See Lysenkoism.
Jules Franois Mabille (18311904), French malacologist
John Macadam (18271865), Scottish-born Australian botanist
John M. MacDougal (born 1954), American botanist
William MacGillivray (17961852), Scottish naturalist
Gerrit Franois Makkink (19072006), Dutch ethologist, hydrologist and agriculturist
Marcello Malpighi (16281694), Italian anatomist and biologist
Sendurai Mani , Cancer Biologist from USA
Ramon Margalef (19192004), Spanish-catalan biologist and ecologist
Leo Margolis (19271997), Canadian fisheries parasitologist
Lynn Margulis (born 1938), American microbiologist
Alberto della Marmora (17891863), Italian naturalist
Othniel Charles Marsh (18311899), paleontology
Barry Marshall (born 1951), Australian physician and microbiologist, winner of the 2005
Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for his discovery that most stomach ulcers are
caused by a strain of bacteria
Carl Friedrich Philipp von Martius (17941868), German botanist
Fermn Martn Piera (19542001), Spanish botanist
John Martyn (16991768), English botanist
Francis Masson (17411805?), Scottish botanist

Gregory Mathews (18761949), Australian ornithologist

Paul Matschie (18611926), German zoologist
William Diller Matthew (18711930), American paleontologist
Polly Matzinger, American Immunologist
Carl Maximowicz (18271891), Russian botanist
Harold Maxwell-Lefroy (18771925), English entomologist
Ernst Mayr (19042005), evolutionary biologist
Robert May (born 1936), biologist, physisist, mathematician, President of Royal Society
of London 20002005
Barbara McClintock (19021992), American biologist
Bruce McConnell (born 1933) American Professor of Biochemistry and Biophysics
James V. McConnell (19251990), American biological psychologist
Bruce McEwen Neuroendocrinologist and stress hormone expert
Edmund Meade-Waldo (18551934), English ornithologist
Ilya Ilyich Mechnikov (18451916), Russian microbiologist, best known for his work on
the immune system and phagocytosis, received the Nobel Prize in Physiology or
Medicine in 1908
Johann Wilhelm Meigen (17641845), German entomologist
Gregor Mendel (18221884), Czech-Austrian monk who is often called the "father of
genetics" for his study of the inheritance of traits in pea plants
Edouard Menetries (18021861), French entomologist
Maud Leonora Menten, biologist
Archibald Menzies (17541852), Scottish naturalist
Clinton Hart Merriam (18551942), American zoologist and ornithologist
John C. Merriam (18691945), American biologist
Franz Meyen (18041840), German botanist
Rodolphe Meyer de Schauensee (19011984), American ornithologist
Otto Fritz Meyerhof (18841951), German/American physician and biochemist, winner
of the 1922 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for his research on muscles
August Karl Arnold Michaelis (18471916), German chemist
Leonor Michaelis (18751949), German biologist
Andr Michaux (17461802), French botanist
Aleksandr Fyodorovich Middendorf (18151894), Russian zoologist
Nicholai Miklukho-Maklai (18461888), Russian marine biologist and anthropologist
Gerrit Smith Miller, Jr. (18691956), American zoologist.
Jacques Miller (born 1931), Australian immunologist.
John Frederick Miller (17591796), English illustrator (primarily of botany)
Philip Miller (16911771), Scottish botanist (abbr. in botany : Mill.)
Alphonse Milne-Edwards (18351900), French zoologist
Henri Milne-Edwards (18001885), French zoologist
George Jackson Mivart (18271900), English biologist
Hugo von Mohl (18051872), German botanist
Paul Mhring (17101792) German naturalist
Juan Ignacio Molina (17401829), Chilean naturalist
Jacques Monod (19101976) geneticist
George Montagu (17531815), English naturalist

Luc Montagnier (born 1932), French discoverer of HIV

Rita Levi-Montalcini (born 1909), Italian-American neurologist who received the 1986
Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for her co-discovery of growth factors.
George Thomas Moore (18711956) US botanist
Alfred Moquin-Tandon (18041863), French naturalist
Thomas Hunt Morgan (18681945), American geneticist. He worked on the natural
history, zoology, and macromutation in the fruit fly Drosophila.
Desmond Morris (born 1928), British zoologist and biologist
Roger Morse (19272000), professor, researcher, author, on bees/beekeeping
Guy Mountfort (19052003), English ornithologist
Ferdinand von Mueller (18251896), German-Australian botanist
John Muir (18381914), US naturalist
Otto Friedrich Mller (17301784), Danish naturalist (abbr. in botany : O.F.Mll.)
Fritz Mller (18211897), German-Brazilian naturalist (abbr. in botany : F.J.Mll.)
Hermann Mller (Thurgau) (18501927) Swiss botanist and oenologist
Philipp Ludwig Statius Mller (17251776), German zoologist
Ladislav Mucina (born 1956), Slovakian botanist
Salomon Muller (18041864), Dutch naturalist
Kary Mullis (born 1944), biologist
John Murray (18411914) Scots-Canadian Marine Biologist
Otto von Mnchhausen (17161774), German botanist
Gary Paul Nabhan (born 1952), co-author of Forgotten Pollinators
Karl Wilhelm von Nageli (18171891), Swiss botanist
Johann Friedrich Naumann (17801857), German founder of scientific ornithology
John Needham (17131781), English naturalist
Christian Gottfried Daniel Nees von Esenbeck (17761858), German botanist and
zoologist
Masatoshi Nei, American evolutionary biologist and molecular Population Geneticist
Randolph M. Nesse (born 1945), American evolutionary biologist and psychiatrist
Charles F. Newcombe (18511924), British botanist
Alfred Newton (18291907), English zoologist
Margaret Morse Nice (18831974), American ornithologist
Henry Alleyne Nicholson (18441899), British zoologist
Elmer Noble (19092001) American parasitologist
Alfred John North (18551917), Australian ornithologist
Thomas Nuttall (17861858), English botanist and zoologist
Eugene P. Odum (19132002), American ecologist
Howard T. Odum (19242002), American ecologist
Anders Sandoe Oersted (18161872), Danish botanist (bot abbr.: Oerst.)
William Ogilby (18081873), Irish naturalist
William Robert Ogilvie-Grant (18631924), Scottish ornithologist
Tomoko Ohta, Japanese molecular evolutionary biologist
Lorenz Oken (17791851), German naturalist
Giuseppe Olivi (17691795), Italian naturalist
Aleksandr Oparin (18941980), Russian biologist and biochemist, best known for his
work on the origin of life

George Ord (17811866), American ornithologist

Eleanor Anne Ormerod (18281901), English entomologist
Henry Fairfield Osborn (18571935), eugenicist, AMNH curator
Emile Oustalet (18441905), French zoologist
Richard Owen (18041892), biologist
George Emil Palade (born 1912), Romanian-American biologist, discoverer of
ribosomes, Nobel Prize
Peter Simon Pallas (17411811), Russian zoologist
Edward Palmer (18291911), British botanist
Josif Pancic (18141888), Serbian botanist
Paracelsus (14931541), German alchemist
William Paterson (17551810), British botanist and explorer
Robert Patterson (18021872) Irish naturalist
Andrew Paulukiewichz (born 1958) Modern Polish biologist
Daniel Pauly, biologist
Ivan Pavlov (18491936), Russian physiologist, psychologist and physician, discovered
conditioning, won the Nobel Prize for his research on the digestive system
Louis Pasteur (18221895), French biochemist
Titian Peale (17991885), American naturalist
Donald C. Peattie (18981964), US botanist
Jean-Marie Pelt (born 1933), French botanist
Henri Perrier de la Bthie (18731958), French botanist
Christian Hendrik Persoon (17611836), biologist
Paul Petard (19121980), French botanist
Wilhelm Peters (18151883), German naturalist
Rodolfo Amando Philippi (18081904), German-Chilean zoologist
Constantine John Phipps (17441792), English explorer
Frederick Octavius Pickard-Cambridge (1860?), English entomologist
Octavius Pickard-Cambridge (18281917), English entomologist, uncle of above
Charles Pickering (18051878), American naturalist
Gregory Goodwin Pincus (19031967), American biologist and co-inventor of the
contraceptive pill
Ronald Plasterk, (born 1957), Dutch molecular biologist, columnist and politician
Pliny the Elder (2379), Roman natural philosopher
Reginald Innes Pocock (18631947), British taxonomist (mammals and arachnids)
Felipe Poey (17991891), Cuban zoologist
Joel Roberts Poinsett (17791851), US botanist
Henry Potter (18981952), Norwegian naturalist
Arthur William Baden Powell (19011987), New Zealand malacologist and
paleontologist
Thomas Littleton Powys, 4th Baron Lilford (18331896), English ornithologist
Karel Presl (17941852), Bohemian botanist
Alice Pruvot-Fol (18731972), French malacologist
Jan Evangelista Purkyn (17871869), Czech anatomist and physiologist
Frederick Traugott Pursh (17741820), German-American botanist
Paul mile de Puydt (18101888) Belgian botanist

Nikolai Przhevalsky (18391888), Russian explorer

Jean Ren Constant Quoy (17901869), French zoologist
Gustav Radde (18311903), German naturalist
Thomas Stamford Raffles (17811826), British founder/first president of the Zoological
Society of London
Constantine Samuel Rafinesque (17831840), French naturalist who described many
North American species
Edward Pierson Ramsay (18421916), Australian ornithologist
Austin L. Rand (19051982), Canadian zoologist
John Ray (16271705), English naturalist
Francesco Redi (16261697), Italian physician known for his experiment in 1668 which
is regarded as a one of the first steps in refuting abiogenesis.
Heinrich Gustav Reichenbach (18231889), German orchidologist (abbr. in botany :
Rchb. f.)
Ludwig Reichenbach (17931879), German botanist and ornithologist (abbr. in botany :
Rchb.)
Anton Reichenow (18471941), German ornithologist
Caspar Georg Carl Reinwardt (17731854), Dutch botanist
Bernhard Rensch (19001990), German biologist
Louis Claude Richard (17541821), French botanist (abbr. in botany : Rich.)
John Richardson (17871865), Scottish naturalist (abbr. in botany : Richardson)
Charles Robert Richet (18501935), French physiologist, winner of the 1913 Nobel Prize
for Physiology or Medicine for his discovery of anaphylaxis
Charles Wallace Richmond (18681932), American ornithologist
Robert Ridgway (18501929), American ornithologist
Henry Nicholas Ridley (18551956), British botanist (abbr. in botany : Ridl.)
Maurcio Rocha e Silva (19101983), Brazilian physician and pharmacologist,
codiscoverer of bradykinin
Martin Rodbell (19251998), biologist
Austin Roberts (18831948), South African zoologist
Harold E. Robinson (born 1932), American botanist and entomologist
George Romanes (18481894), Canadian naturalist, founded the discipline of
comparative psychology
Alfred Romer (18941973), specialist in vertebrate paleontology
Robert Rosen (19341998), theoretical biologist
Joel Rosenbaum, cell biologist at Yale University
Harald Rosenthal (born 1937) German hydrobiologist known for his work in fish farming
and ecology
Miriam Louisa Rothschild (19082005), British entomologist
Walter Rothschild, 2nd Baron Rothschild (18681937), British zoologist
Adriaan van Royen (17041779), Dutch botanist (abbr. in botany : Royen)
David van Royen (17271799), Dutch botanist (abbr. in botany : D.Royen)
William Roxburgh (17591815), Scottish botanist
Karl Rudolphi (17711832), German physiologist
Eduard Rppell (17941884), German naturalist
Suresh Rattan (born 1955) Biogerontologist

Joseph Sabine (17701837), English naturalist

Julius von Sachs (18321897), German botanist
tienne Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire (17721844), French naturalist
Isidore Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire (18051861), French zoologist
Edward James Salisbury (18861978), British botanist
Richard Anthony Salisbury (17611829), British botanist
Robert Sapolsky (born 1957), American neuroscientist
Georg Sars (18371927), Norwegian marine biologist
Michael Sars (18091869), Norwegian taxonomist
William Saunders (18221900), American botanist
Horace-Bndict de Saussure (17401799), Swiss naturalist
Marie Jules Csar Savigny (17771851), French zoologist
Thomas Say (17871843), American naturalist
George Schaller (born 1933), American zoologist, widely considered the preeminent field
biologist of the 20th century
Charles Schuchert (18581942), paleontology
Theodor Schwann (18101882), German physiologist
Friedrich Schlechter (18721925), German botanist
Hermann Schlegel (18041884), German ornithologist
Matthias Jakob Schleiden (18041881), German co-founder of the cell theory
George Schoener (18641941), German-American botanist
Johann David Schoepf (17521800), German botanist and zoologist
Heinrich Wilhelm Schott (17941865), German botanist
Johann Christian Daniel von Schreber (17391810), German naturalist
Leopold von Schrenck (18261894), Russo-German zoologist
Georg August Schweinfurth (18361925), German botanist
Philip Sclater (18291913), English zoologist
Giovanni Antonio Scopoli (17231788), Italian-Austrian naturalist
Henry Seebohm (18321895), English ornithologist
Prideaux John Selby (17881867), English botanist and ornithologist
Nikolai Alekseevich Severtzov (18271885), Russian naturalist
Richard Bowdler Sharpe (18471909), English zoologist
George Shaw (17511813), English botanist and zoologist
Rupert Sheldrake (born 1942), biologist
George Ernest Shelley (18401910), English ornithologist
Sir Charles Scott Sherrington (18571922), British physiologist and neuroscientist,
winner of the 1932 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for his research on neurons
Philipp Franz von Siebold (17961866), German botanist
George Gaylord Simpson (19021984), American paleontologist
Rolf Singer (19061994), German born mycologist
John Kunkel Small (18691938), American botanist (abbr. in botany : Small)
Andrew Smith (17971872), Scottish zoologist
Frederick Smith (18051879), British entomologist
James Edward Smith (17591828), English botanist (abbr. in bot. : Sm.)
Johannes Jacobus Smith (18671947), Dutch botanist (abbr. in botany : J.J.Sm.)
John Maynard Smith (19202004), biologist

Solomon H. Snyder (born 1938), American neuroscientist, co-discovered endorphins

Daniel Solander (17331782), Swedish botanist
Louis Franois Auguste Souleyet (18111852), French zoologist
Jan Swammerdam (16371680), Dutch biologist and microscopist
Douglas Spalding (c18401877), English biologist, discovered imprinting and conducted
some of the earliest research on animal behavior
Lazzaro Spallanzani (17291799), Italian biologist
Anders Sparrman (17481820), Swedish naturalist
Walter Baldwin Spencer (18601929), English biologist and anthropologist
Roger W. Sperry (19131994), American neuropsychologist, winner of the 1981 Nobel
Prize in Physiology or Medicine for his split-brain research
Maximilian Spinola (17801857) - entomologist
Johann Baptist von Spix (17811826), German naturalist
Herman Spoering (17331771), Finnish botanist
Kurt Sprengel (17661833), German botanist
Stewart Springer (19061991), American ichthyologist noted for expertise in shark
classification, behavior, and distribution of species
Richard Spruce (18171893), English botanist
Agustin Stahl (18421917), Puerto Rican zoologist and botanist
Edward Stanley, 13th Earl of Derby (17751851), English naturalist
Japetus Steenstrup (18131897), Danish zoologist
Leonhard Hess Stejneger (18511943), Norwegian zoologist
Georg Wilhelm Steller (17091746), Russian ornithologist
James Francis Stephens (17921853), English zoologist
Kaspar Maria von Sternberg (17611838), Bohemian botanist
Karl Stetter (born 1941), German microbiologist
Nettie Maria Stevens (18611912), American biologist
Gottlieb Conrad Christian Storr (17491821), German naturalist
Eduard Strasburger (18441912), German botanist (abbr. in botany : Strasb.)
Erwin Stresemann (18891972), German ornithologist
John Struthers (18231899) Scottish anatomist
Carl Jakob Sundevall (18011875), Swedish zoologist
Mriganka Sur (born 1953), Indian cognitive neuroscientist specializing in neuroplasticity
William Swainson (17891855), English ornithologist
Jan Swammerdam (16371680), entomologist, microscopist
Olof Swartz (17601816), Swedish botanist (bot. abbr. : Sw.)
Robert Swinhoe (18361877), English naturalist
Colonel W. H. Sykes (17901872), English ornithologist
Wladyslaw Taczanowski (18191890), Polish zoologist
Armen Takhtajan (born 1910), Russian botanist
Coenraad Jacob Temminck (17781858), Dutch zoologist
Peter Gustaf Tengmalm (17541803), Swedish naturalist
Theophrastus (372 BC287 BC), biologist and the successor of Aristotle in the
Peripatetic school, popularizer of science
Johannes Thiele (18601935), German zoologist and malacologist
|Michael Rogers Oldfield Thomas (18581929), British zoologist

William Thompson Irish ornithologist and naturalist

Louis-Marie Aubert du Petit-Thouars (17581831) French botanist
Maarten 't Hart (born 1944), Dutch biologist and writer
Carl Peter Thunberg (17431828), Swedish naturalist
Samuel Tickell (18111875), British ornithologist
Niko Tinbergen (19071988), Dutch ethologist
Agostino Todaro (18181892), Italian botanist
Susumu Tonegawa (born 1939), Japanese biologist, winner of the 1987 Nobel Prize in
Physiology or Medicine for ""discovery of the genetic principle for generation of
antibody diversity."
John Torrey (17961873), US botanist, first professional in New World
Joseph Pitton de Tournefort (16561708), French botanist
John Kirk Townsend (18091851), American ornithologist
Thomas Stewart Traill (17811862), Scottish doctor and naturalist
Stewart P. Thomas (1946-), Amercian zoologist and teacher
Abraham Trembley (17101784), Swiss naturalist
Melchior Treub (18511910), Dutch botanist
Henry Baker Tristram (18221906), English ornithologist
Robert Trivers (born 1943), evolutionary biologist
douard Louis Trouessart (18421927), French naturalist
Frederick W. True (18581914), US naturalist
Bernard Tucker (19011950), English ornithologist
Edward Tuckerman (18171886), US botanist
Endel Tulving (born 1927), Estonian-born Canadian neuroscientist, specializes in
episodic memory
Marmaduke Tunstall (17431790) English ornithologist
Ruth Turner (19152000), marine biologist
Jakob von Uexkll (18641944), Estonian biologist, founder of biosemiotics
Martin Vahl (17491804), Norwegian botanist
Sebastien Vaillant (16691722), French botanist
Achille Valenciennes (17941865), French zoologist
Francisco Varela (19462001) Chilean biologist
Nikolai Vavilov (18871943), Soviet botanist and geneticist, died in prison as a defender
of "bourgeois pseudoscience" genetics against Lysenkoism
Craig Venter (born 1946), American biologist and businessman
Edouard Verreaux (18101868), French naturalist
Jules Verreaux (18071873) French botanist and ornithologist
Louis Jean Pierre Vieillot (17481831), French ornithologist
Nicholas Aylward Vigors (17851840), Irish zoologist
Rudolf Virchow (18211902), German biologist and pathologist, founder of cell theory
Vital Brazil (18651950), Brazilian physician and immunobiologist, discoverer of several
antivenoms against snake, scorpion and spider bites
Karel Voous (19202002), Dutch ornithologist
Damodaran M. Vasudevan (born 1942), Indian physician, immunologist and educationist
Coslett Herbert Waddell (18581919), Irish botanist
Johann Georg Wagler (18001832), German herpetologist

Warren H. Wagner (19202000), US botanist

Gran Wahlenberg (17801851), Swedish naturalist
Barry Wakeman (19392004), American naturalist
Selman Waksman (18881973), American biochemist, winner of the 1952 Nobel Prize in
Physiology or Medicine for his work on antibiotics
Charles Athanase Walckenaer (17711852), French entomologist
George Wald (19061997), American biologist, winner of the 1967 Nobel Prize in
Physiology or Medicine for his work on vision
Alfred Russel Wallace (18231913), British naturalist and biologist
Nathaniel Wallich (17861854), Danish botanist
Benjamin Dann Walsh (18081869), American entomologist
William Grey Walter (19101977), American neurophysiologist and roboticist, made a
number of important discoveries in the field of electroencephalography
Deepal Warakagoda (born 1965), Sri Lankan ornithologist
J. Robin Warren (born 1937), Australian pathologist, winner of the 2005 Nobel Prize in
Physiology or Medicine for his discovery that most stomach ulcers are caused by a strain
of bacteria
Charles Waterton (17821865), English naturalist
James D. Watson (born 1928), Nobel Prize-winning biologist, co-discoverer of the
structure of the DNA molecule
Philip Barker Webb (17931854), English botanist (abbr. in botany : Webb)
Hugh Algernon Weddell (18191877), English botanist (abbr. in botany : Wedd.)
Robert Weinberg Cancer Biologist
August Weismann (18341914), German biologist
Friedrich Welwitsch (18061872), Austrian botanist
Karl Wernicke (18481905), German physician and neuroanatomist, discovered
Wernicke's area
Victor Westhoff (19162001), Dutch botanist
Alexander Wetmore (18861978), American ornithologist
William Morton Wheeler (18651937), American entomologist and myrmecologist
Gilbert White (17201795), English naturalist
John White (c. 17561832) English botanist
Prince Alexander Philipp Maximilian zu Wied-Neuwied (17821867), German explorer
& biologist.
Hans Wiehler (19302003) American botanist (bot. abbr.: Wiehler)
Torsten Wiesel (born 1924), Swedish-born American neurobiologist, winner of the 1981
Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for his research on information processing in the
visual system
Charles Wilkes (17981877), American explorer and naturalist
Carl Ludwig Willdenow (17651812), German botanist and pharmacist (abbr. in botany:
Willd.)
George C. Williams (born 1926), American evolutionary biologist, credited with
introducing the gene-centric view of evolution
Francis Willughby (16351672), English ornithologist & ichthyologist
Alexander Wilson (17661813), Scottish-American ornithologist
E. A. Wilson (18721912), English naturalist

Edward O. Wilson (born 1929), American entomologist and father of sociobiology, two
time winner of the Pulitzer Prize
Caspar Wistar (17611818), American anatomist and physician. The genus Wisteria is
named after him
Henry Witherby (18731943), British ornithologist
William Withering (17411799), English botanist
Carl Woese (born 1928), American microbiologist, identified the Archaea, a major
division of organisms
Sewall Wright (18891988), American geneticist, co-founder of population genetics
Vero Copner Wynne-Edwards (19061997), Scottish zoologist, introduced the hypothesis
of group selection in evolution
Charles Wyville Thompson (18321882) Scottish marine biologist
John Xantus de Vesey (18251894), American zoologist
William Yarrell (17841856), English naturalist
Floyd Zaiger (born 1926), fruit genetics
Eberhard August Wilhelm von Zimmermann (17431815), German zoologist
Karl Alfred von Zittel (18391904), German palaeontologist
Joseph Gerhard Zuccarini (17971848), German botanist
Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_biologists"
Dagfinn Aarskog (1928- ), Norwegian pediatrician and geneticist, described AarskogScott syndrome
Jon Aase (1936- ), US dysmorphologist, described Aase syndrome, expert on fetal
alcohol syndrome
John Abelson (c.1939- ), US biochemist, studies of machinery and mechanism of RNA
splicing
Susan L. Ackerman, US neurogeneticist, genes controlling brain development and neuron
survival
Jerry Adams (1940- ), US molecular biologist in Australia, hematopoietic genetics and
cancer
Bruce Alberts (1938- ), US biochemist, phage worker, studied DNA replication and cell
division
William Allan (1881-1943), US country doctor, pioneered human genetics
C. David Allis (1951- ), US biologist with a fascination for chromatin
Carl-Henry Alstrm (1907-1993), Swedish psychiatrist, described genetic disease:
Alstrom syndrome
Sidney Altman (1939- ), Canadian-US biophysicist who won Nobel Prize for catalytic
functions of RNA
Cecil A. Alport (1880-1959),UK internist, identified Alport syndrome (hereditary
nephritis and deafness)
David Altshuler (c.1965- ), US endocrinologist and geneticist, the genetics of type 2
diabetes
Bruce Ames (1928- ), US molecular geneticist, created Ames test to screen chemicals for
mutagenicity

D. Bernard Amos (1923-2003), UK-US immunologist who studied the genetics of

individuality
Edgar Anderson (1897-1969), eminent US botanical geneticist
E.G. ("Andy") Anderson, US Drosophila and maize geneticist
William French Anderson (1936- ), US worker in gene therapy
Corino Andrade (1906-2005), Portuguese neurologist and clinical geneticist
Tim Anson (1901-1968), US molecular biologist, proposed protein folding a reversible
two-state reaction
Stylianos E. Antonarakis (1951- ), US-Greek medical geneticist, genotypic and
phenotypic variation
Werner Arber (1929- ), Swiss microbiologist, Nobel Prize for discovery of restriction
endonucleases
Michael Ashburner (1942- ), British Drosophila geneticist and polymath
William Astbury (1898-1961), UK molecular biologist, X-ray crystallography of proteins
and DNA
Giuseppe Attardi, Italian-US molecular biologist, genetics of human mitochondrial
function
Charlotte Auerbach (1899-1994), German-born British pioneer in mutagenesis
Oswald Avery (18771955), Canadian-born US co-discoverer that DNA is the genetic
material
Richard Axel (1946- ) US physician-scientist, Nobel Prize for genetic analysis of
olfactory system
E. B. Babcock (1877-1954), US plant geneticist, pioneered genetic analysis of genus
Crepis
E-G Balbiani (1823-1899), French embryologist who found chromosome puffs now
called Balbiani rings
David Baltimore (1938- ), US biologist, Nobel Prize for the discovery of reverse
transcriptase
Murray Barr (19081995), Canadian scientist, first saw Barr body in cells due to inactive
X chromosome
Cornelia Bargmann, US, molecular neurogeneticist studying the C. elegans brain
David P. Bartel (B.A. 1982), US geneticist, discovered many microRNAs regulating gene
expression
William Bateson (1861-1926), British geneticist who coined the term "genetics"
E. Baur (1875-1933), German geneticist, botanist, discovered inheritance of plasmids
George Beadle (1903-1989), US Neurospora geneticist and Nobel Prize-winner
Peter Emil Becker (1908-2000), German human geneticist, described Becker's muscular
dystrophy
Jon Beckwith, US microbiologist and geneticist, isolated first gene from a bacterial
chromosome
Peter Beighton (1934- ) UK/South Africa medical geneticist, first warned of economy
class syndrome
Julia Bell (1879-1979), English geneticist who documented inheritance of many diseases
John Belling (1866-1933), English cytogeneticist who developed staining technique for
chromosomes

Baruj Benacerraf (1920- ), Venezuelan-US immunologist who won Nobel Prize for HLA
system
Kurt Benirschke (1924- ), German-US pathologist, comparative cytogenetics, twinning in
armadillos
Seymour Benzer (1921- ), US molecular biologist and pioneer of neurogenetics
Paul Berg (1926- ), US biochemist and Nobel Prize-winner for basic research on nucleic
acids
J. D. Bernal (1901-1971), Irish physicist and pioneer X-ray crystallographer
James Birchler, Drosophila and Maize geneticists and cytogenticist.
J. Michael Bishop (1936- ), US microbial immunogeneticist, Nobel Prize-winner for
oncogenes
Elizabeth Blackburn (1948-), Australo-US biologist, Lasker Award on telomeres and
telomerase
Gnter Blobel (1936- ), German-US biologist, Nobel Prize for protein targeting (address
tags on proteins)
David Blow (1931-2004), British biophysicist who helped develop X-ray crystallography
of proteins
Baruch Blumberg (Barry Blumberg) (1925- ), US physician and Nobel Prize-winner on
hepatitis B
Julia Bodmer (1934-2001), British geneticist, key figure in discovery and definition of
the HLA system
Walter Bodmer (1936- ), German-UK human population geneticist, immunogeneticist,
cancer research
James Bonner (1910-1996), far-ranging US molecular biologist, into histones, chromatin,
nucleic acids
David Botstein (1942- ), Swiss-born US molecular geneticist, brother of Leon Botstein
Theodor Boveri (1862-1915), German biologist and cytogeneticist
Peter Bowen (1932-1988), Canadian medical geneticist
Herb Boyer (1936- ), US, created transgenic bacteria inserting human insulin gene into E.
coli
Paul D. Boyer (1918- ), US biochemist and Nobel Prize-winner
Jean Brachet (1909-1998), Belgian biochemist, made key contributions to fathoming
roles of RNA
Roscoe Brady US physician-scientist at NIH, studies of genetic neurological metabolic
disorders
Sydney Brenner (1927- ), British molecular biologist and Nobel Prize-winner
Calvin Bridges (1889-1938), US geneticist, non-disjunction proof that chromosomes
contain genes
R.A. Brink (1897-1984), Canadian-US plant geneticist and breeder, studied paramutation,
transposons
Roy Britten (1919- ) US molecular and evolutionary biologist, discovered and studied
junk DNA
John Brookfield Drosophila population geneticist.
Michael Stuart Brown (1941- ) US geneticist and Nobel Prize-winner on cholesterol
metabolism

Manuel Buchwald (1940- ), Peruvian-born Canadian medical geneticist and molecular

geneticist
Linda Buck (1947- ) US biologist, Nobel Prize for post-doc work (with Axel) cloning
olfactory receptors
James Bull, US molecular biologist and phage worker, evolution of sex determining
mechanisms
Luther Burbank (1849-1926), US botanist, horticulturist, pioneer in agricultural science
Macfarlane Burnet (1899-1985), Australian biologist, Nobel Prize for immunological
tolerance
Cyril Burt (1883-1971), British educational psychologist, did debated mental and
behavioral twin study
John Cairns (1922- ), UK physician-scientist, showed bacterial DNA one molecule with
replicating fork
Allan Campbell, US microbiologist and geneticist, pioneering work on phage lambda
Howard Cann, US pediatrician and geneticist, human population genetics at Stanford and
CEPH in Paris
Antonio Cao (1929- ), Italian pediatrician and medical geneticist, expert on the
thalassemias
Mario Capecchi (1937- ), Italian-born US molecular geneticist, co-invented the knock-out
mouse
Elof Axel Carlson, US geneticist and eminent historian of science
Gyaneshwer Chaubey, Indian population geneticist.
Hampton Carson (1914-2004), US population geneticist, studied cytogenetics and
evolution of Drosophila
Tom Caskey (c.1938- ), US internist, human geneticist and entrepreneur; biochemical
diseases
Torbjrn Caspersson (1910-1997), Swedish cytogeneticist, revealed human chromosome
banding
William B. Castle (1897-1990), US hematologist, work on hereditary spherocytosis,
sickle cell anemia
William E. Castle (1867-1962), US geneticist, inspired T.H. Morgan, father of William B.
Castle
David Catcheside (1907-1994) UK plant geneticist, expert on genetic recombination,
active in Australia
Bruce Cattanach (1932- ), eminent UK mouse geneticist, X-inactivation and sex
determination in mice
Luigi Luca Cavalli-Sforza (1922- ), distinguished Italian population geneticist at Stanford
University
Thomas Cech (1947- ), US biochemist who won Nobel Prize for catalytic functions of
RNA
Aravinda Chakravarti (1954- ), Indian-born bioinformatician studying genetic factors in
common diseases
Jean-Pierre Changeux (1936- ), French molecular neurobiologist, studied allosteric
proteins
Erwin Chargaff (1905-2002), Austrian-born US biochemist, Chargaff's rules led to the
double helix

Brian Charlesworth (1945- ), British evolutionary biologist, husband of Deborah

Charlesworth
Deborah Charlesworth, British evolutionary biologist, wife of Brian Charlesworth
Martha Chase (1927-2003), US biologist, with Hersey proved genetic material is DNA,
not protein
Sergei Chetverikov (1880-1959), Russian population geneticist
Barton Childs (1916- ), US pediatrician, biochemical geneticist, philosopher of medical
genetics
George Church (1954- ), US molecular geneticist, did first direct genomic sequencing
with Gilbert
Aaron Ciechanover (1947- ), Israeli biologist, won Nobel Prize for ubiquitin-mediated
protein degradation
Bryan Clarke (1932- ), British population geneticist, studied apostatic selection and
molecular evolution
Cyril Clarke (1907-2000), British medical geneticist, discovered how to prevent Rh
disease in newborns
Jens Clausen (1891-1969), Danish-US botanist, geneticist, and ecologist
Edward H. Coe, Jr. (1926- ), influential US maize (corn) geneticist
Stanley Cohen (1922- ), US neurobiologist, Nobel Prize for cell growth factors
Francis Collins (1950- ), US medical geneticist, gene cloner, director of Human Genome
Institute
Robert Corey (1897-1971), US biochemist, -helix, -sheet and atomic models for
proteins
Carl Correns (1864-1933), German botanist and geneticist, one of the re-discoverers of
Mendel in 1900
Lewis L. Coriell (1911-2001), US pioneer in culturing human cells
Diane W. Cox, Canadian medical geneticist and expert on Wilson disease
Harriet Creighton (1909-2004), US botanist who with McClintock first saw chromosomal
crossover
Francis Crick (1916-2004), English molecular biologist, neuroscientist, co-discoverer of
the double helix
James F. Crow (1916- ), US population geneticist and renowned teacher of genetics
Lucien Cuenot (1886-1901), French biologist, proved Mendel's rules apply to animals as
well as plants
A. Jamie Cuticchia (1966- ), US geneticist, into human genome informatics
David M. Danks (1931-2003), Australian pediatrician and medical geneticist, expert on
Menkes disease
C. D. Darlington (1903-1981), British biologist and geneticist, elucidated chromosomal
crossover
Charles Darwin (1809-1882), English naturalist and author of Origin of the Species
Kay Davies, English geneticist, expert on muscular dystrophy
Jean Dausset (1916- ) French immunogeneticist and Nobel Prize-winner for the HLA
system
Martin Dawson (1896-1945), Canadian-US researcher, confirmed and named genetic
transformation

Margaret Dayhoff (1925-1983), US pioneer in bioinformatics of protein sequences and

evolution
Albert de la Chapelle (1933- ), eminent Finnish medical geneticist, genetic predisposition
to cancer
Max Delbruck (1906-1981), German-US scientist, Nobel Prize for genetic structure of
viruses
Charles DeLisi, US biophysicist, led the initiative that planned and launched the Human
Genome Project
Flix d'Herelle (1873-1949), Canadian-French microbiologist, discovered phages,
invented phage therapy
Hugo de Vries (1848-1935), Dutch botanist and one of the re-discoverers of Mendel's
laws in 1900
M. Demerec (1895-1966), Croatian-US geneticist, directed Cold Spring Harbor
Laboratory
Theodosius Dobzhansky (1900-1975), noted Ukrainian-US geneticist and evolutionary
biologist
John Doebley, US geneticist, studies genes that drive development and evolution of
plants
Peter Doherty (1940- ), Australian, won Nobel Prize for immune recognition of antigens
Albert Dorfman (1916-1982), US biochemical geneticist, discovered cause of Hurler's
syndrome
Gabriel Dover, British evolutionary geneticist
NT Dubinin (1907-1998), Russian biologist and geneticist
Bernard Dutrillaux (1940- ), French cytogeneticist, chromosome banding, comparative
cytogenetics
Christian de Duve (1917- ), Belgian cytologist, Nobel Prize for cell organelles
(peroxisomes, lysosomes)
A.W.F. Edwards (1935-), British statistician, geneticist, developed methods of
phylogenetic analysis
John Edwards (1928-), British medical geneticist and cytogeneticist who first described
trisomy 18
R. A. Emerson (18731947), American plant geneticist, the main pioneer of corn genetics
Sterling Emerson (1900-1988), American, biochemical genetics, recombination, son of R.
A. Emerson
Alan Emery (1928- ), British neuromuscular geneticist, Emery-Dreifuss muscular
dystrophy
Boris Ephrussi (19011979), Russian-born French geneticist, created way to transplant
chromosomes
Robert C. Elston (1932- ), British-born American biostatistical genetics and genetic
epidemiologist
Charlie Epstein, American medical geneticist, mouse model, editor, wounded by the
Unabomber
Herbert McLean Evans (1882-1971), US anatomist, reported in 1918 humans had 48
chromosomes
Martin Evans, British scientist, discovered embryonic stem cells and developed knockout
mouse

Warren Ewens, Australian-US mathematical population geneticist, Ewens's sampling

formula
Alexander Cyril Faberg (1912-1988), Russian-born Anglo-American geneticist,
grandson of Carl Faberg
D. S. Falconer (1913-2004), Scottish quantitative geneticist, wrote textbook to the subject
Stanley Falkow, US microbial geneticist, molecular mechanisms of bacterial
pathogenesis
Harold Falls (1909-2006), US ophthalmologic geneticist, helped found first genetics
clinic in US
William C. Farabee (1865-1925), US anthropologist, brachydactyly is evidence of
Mendelism in humans
Nina Fedoroff (c. 1945- ), US plant geneticist, cloning of transposable elements, plant
stress response
Malcolm Ferguson-Smith (1931- ) UK cytogeneticist, Klinefelter's syndrome,
chromosome flow cytometry
Philip J. Fialkow (1934-1996), US internist, educator, research in medical genetics and
cancer genetics
Giorgio Filippi (1935-1996), Italian medical geneticist, researched diseases linked to X
chromosome
J.R.S. Fincham (1926-2005), British microbial (Neurospora) and biochemical geneticist
Gerald Fink (1941- ), US molecular geneticist, preeminent figure in the field of yeast
genetics
Andrew Fire (1959- ), US geneticist, Nobel Prize with Mello for discovery of RNA
interference
Robert L. Fischer (1950- ), A US geneticist, contributed to the understanding of genomic
imprinting and epigenetics
R.A. Fisher (1890-1962), British stellar statistician, evolutionary biologist, and geneticist
Ed Fischer (1920- ), Swiss-US biochemist, Nobel Prize for phosphorylation as switch
activating proteins
Eugen Fischer (1874-1967), German physician, anthropologist, eugenicist, influenced
Nazi racial hygiene
Asbjorn Folling (1888-1973), Norwegian biochemist and physician who discovered
phenylketonuria (PKU)
E.B. Ford (1901-1988), British ecological geneticist, specializing in butterflies and moths
Charles Ford (19121999), British pioneer in the golden age of mammalian cytogenetics
Heinz Fraenkel-Conrat (1910-1999), German-born US biochemist who studied tobacco
mosaic virus
Rosalind Franklin (1920-1958), British crystallographer whose data led to discovery of
double helix
Clarke Fraser (1920- ), Canada's first medical geneticist, student of congenital
malformations
Elaine Fuchs (c.1951- ), US cell biologist, molecular mechanisms of skin diseases,
reverse genetics
Walter Fuhrmann (1924-1995), German medical geneticist, at Giessen University
Douglas J. Futuyma (1942- ), US evolutionary and ecological biologist

Fred Gage, US neuroscientist, studies of neurogenesis and neuroplasticity of the adult

brain
Joseph G. Gall (1932- ), distinguished US cell biologist, chromosomes, created in situ
hybridization
Francis Galton (1822-1911), British geneticist, eugenicist, statistician
George Gamow (1904-1968), Ukrainian-born American polymath, proposed genetic code
concept
Eldon J. Gardner (1909-1989), US professor of genetics in Utah, described Gardner's
syndrome
Alan Garen (c.1924- ), US, early molecular geneticist, nonsense triplets terminating
transcription
Archibald Garrod (1857-1936), English physician, pioneered inborn errors, founded
biochemical genetics
Stan Gartler (1923-), US human geneticist, G6PD as X-linked marker, HeLa cells
contaminating cell lines
Luigi Gedda (1902-2000), Italian geneticist best known for his fascination with twin
studies
Walter Gehring (1939- ), Swiss, developmental genetics of Drosophila, discovered
homeobox
Park S. Gerald (1921-1993), US medical geneticist, research on hemoglobins and
chromosomes
James L. German, US medical geneticist & cytogeneticist, pioneer on Bloom syndrome
Walter Gilbert (1932- ), US biochemist and molecular biologist, Nobel Prize-winner,
entrepreneur
H. Bentley Glass (1906-2005) US geneticist, provocative science theorizer, writer,
science policy maker
Salome Gluecksohn-Waelsch (1907- ), German-born US co-founder of developmental
genetics
Richard Goldschmidt (1878-1958),German-American, integrated genetics, development,
& evolution
Joseph L. Goldstein (1940- ), US medical geneticist, Nobel Prize-winner on cholesterol
Richard M. Goodman (1932-1989), US-Israeli clinical geneticist, pioneered Jewish
genetic diseases
Robert J. Gorlin (1923-2006) US oral pathologist, clinical geneticist, craniofacial
syndrome expert
Carol W. Greider (1961- ), US molecular biologist, Lasker Award for telomeres and
telomerase
Frederick Griffith (1879-1941), British medical officer who found transforming principle
now called DNA
Clifford Grobstein (1916-1998), US scientist, bridged classical embryology and
developmental biology
Jean de Grouchy (1926-2003), French pioneer of clinical cytogenetics & karyotypephenotype correlation
Hans Gruneberg (1907-1982), British mouse geneticist and blood cell biologist
Pierre-Henri Gouyon (1953 - ), French biologist specializing in genetics and bioethics
Elliot S. Goldstein American geneticist at Arizona State University

Ernst Hadorn (1902-1976), Swiss pioneer in developmental genetics, mentor of Walter

Gehring
JBS Haldane (1892-1964), brilliant British human geneticist and co-founder of
population genetics
Ben Hall, US geneticist, DNA:RNA hybridization, yeast production of genetically
engineered proteins
Judy Hall (1939- ), dual American and Canadian charismatic clinical geneticist and
dysmorphologist
Dean Hamer (1951-) US geneticist, postulated gay gene and God gene for religious
experience
John Hamerton (1929-2006), Anglo-Canadian cytogeneticist, prenatal diagnostician,
bioethicist
W.D. Hamilton (1936-2000), British evolutionary biologist and eminent evolutionary
theorist
Phil Hanawalt, US geneticist, discovered DNA repair replication
Anita Harding (1952-1995), UK neurologist, first mitochondrial DNA mutation in disease
GH Hardy (1877-1947), British mathematician, formulated basic law of population
genetics
Henry Harpending (1944- ), US anthropologist and human population geneticist
Harry Harris (1919-94), British biochemical geneticist par excellence
Henry Harris (1925- ), Australo-British cell biologist, work on cancer and human genetics
Lee Hartwell (1939- ), US yeast geneticist, Nobel Prize, "start" gene and checkpoints in
the cell cycle
Mogens Hauge (1922-1988), Danish medical geneticist and twin researcher
Donald Hawthorne (1926-2003), US, major contributor to yeast genetics, centromerelinked gene maps
William Hayes (1918-1994), Australian physician, microbiologist & geneticist, bacterial
conjugation
Robert Haynes (1931-1998), Canadian geneticist and biophysicist, work on DNA repair
and mutagenesis
Frederick Hecht (1930- ), US clinical geneticist, cytogeneticist, coined term fragile site
Michael Heidelberger (1888-1991) US pioneer of modern immunology, won two Lasker
Awards
Martin Heisenberg (1940- ), German geneticist,neurobiologist, genetic study of brain of
Drosophila
Charles Roy Henderson, (1911-1989), US animal geneticist, basis for genetic evaluation
of livestock
Al Hershey (1908-1997), US bacterial geneticist, Nobel Prize largely for Hershey-Chase
experiment
Ira Herskowitz (19462003), US phage & yeast geneticist, genetic regulatory circuits &
mechanisms
Len Herzenberg (1931-), US human geneticist, immunologist, cell biologist and cell
sorter
Avram Hershko (1937-), Israeli biologist, Nobel Prize for ubiquitin-mediated protein
degradation

Kurt Hirschhorn (1926- ), Viennese-born American pediatrician, medical geneticist,

cytogeneticist
Mahlon Hoagland (1921- ), US physician and biochemist, co-discovered tRNA with Paul
Zamecnik
Dorothy Hodgkin (1910-1994), British founder of protein crystallography and Nobel
Prize winner
Robert W. Holley (1922-1993), US biochemist, structure of transfer RNA, Nobel Prize
Leroy Hood (1938- ), US molecular biotechnologist, created DNA & protein sequencers
& synthesizers
Norman Horowitz (1915-2005), US geneticist, one gene-one enzyme, chemical
evolution, space biology
H. Robert Horvitz (1947- ), US cell biologist, Nobel Prize for programmed cell death
David E. Housman, US molecular biologist, genetic basis of trinucleotide repeat diseases
and cancer
Martha M. Howe, US phage geneticist, notable contributions to the study of phage Mu
T.C. Hsu (1917-2003), distinguished Chinese-American cell biologist, geneticist,
cytogeneticist
Thomas J. Hudson (1961- ), Canadian genome scientist, maps of human and mouse
genomes
David Hungerford (19271993), US co-discoverer of Philadelphia chromosome in CML
Tim Hunt (1943- ), UK biochemist, Nobel Prize for discovery of cyclins in cell cycle
control
Charles Leonard Huskins (1897-1953), English-born Canadian cytogeneticist at McGill
and Wisconsin
Harvey Itano (1925- ), American biochemist and pioneer in the study of sickle cell
disease
Franois Jacob (1920 - ), French biologist, won Nobel Prize for bacterial gene control
Patricia A. Jacobs (1934- ), Scottish human geneticist and cytogeneticist
Albert Jacquard (1925- ), French geneticist, essayist, humanist, activist
Rudolf Jaenisch (1942- ), German cell biologist, created transgenic mice, leader in
therapeutic cloning
Richard Jefferson (1956- ) US molecular plant biologist in Australia, reporter gene
system GUS
Alec Jeffreys (1950- ), British geneticist, developed DNA fingerprinting and DNA
profiling techniques
Niels K. Jerne (1911-1994), Danish, greatest theoretician in modern immunology, Nobel
Prize
Wilhelm Johannsen (1857-1927), Danish botanist who in 1909 coined the word "gene"
Jonathan D.G. Jones, British plant molecular biologist
Christian Jung (1956- ), German plant geneticist and molecular biologist
Elvin Kabat (19142000) US immunochemist, a founder of modern immunology,
antibody-combining sites
Henrik Kacser (1918-1995), Romanian-born UK biochemist and geneticist, worked on
metabolic control
Axel Kahn (1944- ), French scientist and geneticist, known for work on genetically
modified plants

Franz Josef Kallmann (1897-1965), German-US psychiatrist, pioneer in genetics of

psychiatric diseases
Gopinath Kartha (1927-1984), Indian biophysicist, co-discovered triple-helix structure of
collagen
Berwind P. Kaufmann (1897-1975), US botanist, did research in basic plant and animal
cytogenetics
John Kendrew (1917-1997), UK crystallographer, won Nobel Prize for structure of
myoglobin
Cynthia Kenyon (c. 1955- ), US molecular biologist, genetics of aging in the worm C.
elegans
Warwick Estevam Kerr (1922- ) Brazilian expert in the genetics and sex determination of
bees
Bernard Kettlewell (1907-1979), UK physician, lepidopterist, ecological geneticist,
peppered moth
Seymour Kety (1915-2000), US neuroscientist, essential involvement of genetic factors
in schizophrenia
Gobind Khorana (1922-), Indian-US molecular biologist, synthesized nucleic acids,
Nobel Prize
Motoo Kimura (1924-1994), influential Japanese mathematical biologist in theoretical
population genetics
Mary-Claire King (1946- ), US human geneticist and social activist, identified breast
cancer genes
David Klein, (1908-1993), Swiss ophthalmologist and human geneticist
Harold Klinger (1929-2004), US pioneer on human chromosomes, founded journal
Cytogenetics
Aaron Klug (1926- ), Lithuania/S Africa/UK, Nobel Prize for developing electron
crystallography
Al Knudson (1922- ), US pediatric oncologist, geneticist, formulated two hit hypothesis
of cancer
Georges J. F. Khler (1946-1995), German, Nobel Prize for hybridomas making
monoclonal antibodies
Arthur Kornberg (1918- ), US biochemist, Nobel Prize on DNA synthesis, father of
Roger Kornberg
Roger Kornberg (1947- ), US biologist, Nobel Prize on eukaryotic transcription
Hans Kornberg (1928- ), German-UK biologist, studies of carbohydrate transport
Ed Krebs (1918- ), US biochemist, Nobel Prize for phosphorylation as switch activating
proteins
Eric Kremer, US molecular biologist, found trinucleotide repeat in fragile X, research
now in gene therapy
Henry Kunkel (19161983), US immunologist, created starch gel electrophoresis to
separate proteins
Bruce Lahn (1969- ), Chinese-born geneticist specializing in evolutionary changes of the
human brain
Jean-Baptiste Lamarck (1744-1829), French naturalist, evolutionist, "inheritance of
acquired traits"

Eric Lander (1957- ), American molecular geneticist, major contributor to Human

Genome Project
Karl Landsteiner (1868-1943), Austrian-American pathologist, won Nobel Prize for
blood group discoveries
Andr Langaney, French evolutionary geneticist
Derald Langham (1913-1991), American agricultural geneticist, the "father of sesame"
Sam Latt (1938-1988), US pioneer in molecular cytogenetics, fluorescent DNA
chromosome probes
Philip Leder (1934- ), US geneticist, method to decode genetic code, transgenic animals
to study cancer
Esther Lederberg (1922-2006), US microbiologist and bacterial genetics pioneer
Joshua Lederberg (1925- ), US molecular biologist, Nobel Prize, headed Rockefeller
University
Jerome Lejeune (1926-1994), French pediatrician, geneticist, discovered trisomy 21 in
Down syndrome
Richard Lenski (1956-), US biologist and phage worker, did long-term E. coli evolution
experiment
Fritz Lenz (1887-1976), German geneticist and eugenicist, ideas influenced Nazi racial
hygiene policies
Widukind Lenz (1919-1995), eminent German medical geneticist who recognized
thalidomide syndrome
Leonard Lerman, US molecular biologist, phage worker, mentor of Nobel Prize-winner
Sidney Altman
Michael Lerner (1910-1977), Russian-US contributor to population, quantitative &
evolutionary genetics
Albert Levan (1905-1998), Swedist geneticist, co-authored report that humans have 46
chromosomes
Cyrus Levinthal (1922-1990), US molecular geneticist, DNA replication, mRNA,
molecular graphics
Edward B. Lewis (1918-2004), American founder of developmental genetics and Nobel
Prize-winner
Richard Lewontin (1929- ), American evolutionary biologist, geneticist and social
commentator
C.C. Li (1912-2003), eminent Chinese American population geneticist and human
geneticist
Wen-Hsiung Li (1942- ), Taiwanese-American, molecular evolution, population genetics,
genomics
David Linder (1923-1999), US pathologist and geneticist, used G6PD as X-linked clonal
tumor marker
Susan Lindquist, US molecular biologist studying effects of protein folding and heatshock proteins
Jan Lindsten (1935- ), eminent Swedish medical geneticist, secretary general of the Nobel
Assembly
Fritz Lipmann (1899-1986), German-American biochemist, Nobel Prize for co-discovery
of coenzyme A

C. C. Little (18881971), US pioneer mouse geneticist, founded Jackson Laboratory in

Bar Harbor
Richard Losick, US molecular biologist, RNA polymerase, gene transcription, bacterial
development
Herbert Lubs (c.1928- ), US internist, medical geneticist, described "marker X" (fragile X
chromosome)
Salvador Luria (1912-1991), Italian-American molecular biologist, Nobel Prize for
bacteriophage genetics
Jay Lush (1896-1982), American animal geneticist who pioneered modern scientific
animal breeding
Michael Lynch, US quantitative geneticist studying evolution, population genetics, and
genomics
Mary F. Lyon (1925-), English mouse geneticist, noted X-inactivation and proposed Lyon
hypothesis
David T. Lykken (1928-2006), American psychologist and behavioral geneticist known
for twin studies
Trofim Lysenko (18981976), Soviet scientist, led vicious political campaign against
genetics in USSR
Ellen Magenis (1925- ), US medical geneticist and cytogeneticist, Smith-Magenis
syndrome
Phyllis McAlpine (1941-1998), Canadian human geneticist and gene mapper
Maclyn McCarty (19112005), American co-discoverer that DNA is the genetic material
Barbara McClintock (1902-1992), American cytogeneticist, Nobel Prize for genetic
transposition
W. McGinnis, US molecular geneticist, found homeobox (Hox) genes responsible for
basic body plan
Victor A. McKusick (1921- ), US internist and clinical geneticist, organized human
genetic knowledge
Colin MacLeod (1909-1972), Canadian-American co-discoverer that DNA is the genetic
material
Tak Wah Mak (1946- ), Chinese-Canadian molecular biologist, co-discovered human T
cell receptor genes
Gustave Malcot (1911-1998), French mathematician who influenced population genetics
Tom Maniatis (1943- ), US molecular biologist, gene cloning, regulation of gene
expression
Clement Markert (19171999), eminent US biologist, discovered isozymes
Joan Marks, American social worker, principal architect of the profession of genetic
counselor
John Maynard Smith (1920-2004), British evolutionary biologist and population
geneticist
Ernst Mayr (1904-2005), leading German-born American evolutionary biologist
Peter Medawar (1915-1987), Brazilian-born English scientist, Nobel Prize for
immunological tolerance
Craig C. Mello (1960- ), American geneticist, Nobel Prize for discovery of RNA
interference

Gregor Mendel (1822-1884), Bohemian monk who discovered laws of Mendelian

inheritance
Carole Meredith, American geneticist who pioneered DNA typing to differentiate
between grape varieties
Matthew Meselson (1930- ), US molecular geneticist, work on DNA replication,
recombination, repair
Peter Michaelis, German plant geneticist, focused on cytoplasmic inheritance
Ivan Vladimirovich Michurin (1855-1935), Russian plant geneticist, scientific
agricultural selection
Friedrich Mieschler (1844-1895), Swiss biologist, found weak acid in white blood cells
now called DNA
Margareta Mikkelsen (19232004), eminent German-born Danish human geneticist and
cytogeneticist
Lois K. Miller (d. 2006, age 54), entomologist and molecular geneticist, studied insect
viruses
O.J. Miller, US physician, human and mammalian genetics and chromosome structure
and function
Csar Milstein (1927-2002) Argentine-UK, Nobel Prize for hybridomas making
monoclonal antibodies
Aubrey Milunsky (c.1936- ), S. African-US physician, medical geneticist, writer, prenatal
diagnosis
Alfred Mirsky (19001974), US pioneer in molecular biology, hemoglobin structure,
constancy of DNA
Felix Mitelman, Swedish cancer geneticist and cytogeneticist, catalog of chromosomes in
cancer
Jan Mohr (1921- ), eminent Norwegian-Danish pioneer in human gene mapping
Jacques Monod (1910-1976), French molecular biologist, Nobel Prize-winner
Lilian Vaughn Morgan (1870-1952), wife of T.H. Morgan and a fine geneticist in her own
right
T.H. Morgan (1866-1945), head of the "fly room," first geneticist to win the Nobel Prize
Arno G. Motulsky, German-US hematologist who influenced the evolution of medical
genetics
Arthur Mourant (1904-1994), British hematologist, first to examine worldwide blood
group distributions
H.J. Muller (1890-1967) American Drosophila geneticist, Nobel Prize for producing
mutations by X-rays
Hans J. Mller-Eberhard (1927-1998), German-US immunogeneticist, immunoglobulins
& complement
Kary Mullis (1944- ), American biochemist, Nobel Prize for the polymerase chain
reaction (PCR)
Walter E. Nance (1933- ), US internist and geneticist, research on twins and genetics of
deafness
Daniel Nathans (1928-1999), US microbiologist, Nobel Prize for restriction
endonucleases
James V. Neel (1915-2000), distinguished human geneticist, founded first genetics clinic
in the US

Fred Neidhardt, US microbiologist, pioneer in molecular physiology and proteomics of E.

coli
Oliver Nelson (1920- ), US maize geneticist, profound impact on agriculture and basic
genetics
Walter Nelson-Rees, US cytogeneticist, confirmed HeLa cells contamination of other cell
lines
Eugene W. Nester, US microbial geneticist, genetics of Agrobacterium (crown gall
formation)
Carl Neuberg, early pioneer of the study of metabolism.
Hans Neurath (1909-2002), Austrian-US protein chemist, helped set stage for proteomics
Marshall W. Nirenberg (1927- ), US geneticist, biochemist and Nobel Prize-winner
Eva Nogales, Spanish biophysicist studying eukaryotic transcription and translation
initiation complexes
Edward Novitski (1918-2006), eminent US Drosophila geneticist, pioneer in
chromosome mechanics
Paul Nurse (1949- ), UK biochemist, Nobel Prize for work on CDK, a key regulator of
the cell cycle
Christiane Nsslein-Volhard (1942- ), German developmental biologist and Nobel Prizewinner
William Nyhan (1926- ), US pediatrician and biochemical geneticist, described LeschNyhan syndrome
Severo Ochoa (1905-1993), Spanish-American biochemist, Nobel Prize for work on the
synthesis of RNA
Susumu Ohno (1928-2000), Japanese-US biologist, evolutionary cytogenetics and
molecular evolution
Tomoko Ohta, Japanese scientist in molecular evolution, the nearly neutral theory of
evolution
Pete Oliver (18981991), American geneticist, switched from Drosophila to human
genetics
Jane M. Olson (1952-2004), American genetic epidemiologist and biostatistician
Maynard Olson, American geneticist, pioneered map of yeast genome and Human
Genome Project
John Opitz (1935- ), German-American medical geneticist, expert on dysmorphology and
syndromes
Harry Ostrer, American medical geneticist, studies origins of Jewish peoples
Ray Owen (1915- ), US geneticist, immunologist, found cattle blood groups and chimeric
twin calves
Svante Pbo (1955- ), Swedish molecular anthropologist in Leipzig studying
Neanderthal genome
David Page, US physician and geneticist who mapped, cloned and sequenced the human
Y chromosome
Theophilus Painter (1889-1969), US zoologist, studied fruit fly and human testis
chromosomes
Arthur Pardee (1921- ), American scientist who discovered restriction point in the cell
cycle
Klaus Patau (19081975), German-American cytogeneticist, described trisomy 13

Linus Pauling (1901-1994), eminent American chemist, won Nobel Prizes for chemical
bonds and peace
Crodowaldo Pavan (1919- ), Brazilian biologist, fly geneticist, and influential scientist in
Brazil
Rose Payne (1909-1999), US transplant geneticist, key to discovery and development of
HLA system
Raymond Pearl (1879-1940), American biologist, biostatistician, rejected eugenics
Karl Pearson (18571936), British statistician, made key contributions to genetic analysis
LS Penrose (1898-1972), British psychiatrist, human geneticist, pioneered genetics of
mental retardation
Max Perutz (1914-2002), Austrian-British molecular biologist, Nobel Prize for structure
of hemoglobin
Massimo Pigliucci (1964- ), Italian-US plant ecological and evolutionary geneticist.
Winner of the Dobzhansky Prize.
Alfred Ploetz (1860-1940), German physician, biologist, eugenicist, introduced racial
hygiene to Germany
Paul Polani (1914-2006), Triese-born UK pediatrician, major catalyst of medical genetics
in Britain
Charles Pomerat (19051951), American cell biologist, pioneered the field of tissue
culture
Guido Pontecorvo (1907-1999), Italian-born Scottish geneticist and pioneer molecular
biologist
George R. Price (1922-1975), brilliant but troubled US population geneticist and
theoretical biologist
Peter Propping (1942-), German human geneticist, studies of epilepsy
Mark Ptashne (c.1940- ), US molecular biologist, studies of genetic switch, phage lambda
Ted Puck (19162005), US physicist, work in mammalian & human cell culture,
genetics, cytogenetics
RC Punnett (1875-1967), early English geneticist, discovered linkage with Bateson,
stimulated GH Hardy
Lluis Quintana-Murci (1970- ), Spanish human population geneticist, heads part of
Genographic Project
Robert Race (1907-1984), British expert on blood groups, along with wife Ruth Sanger
Venki Ramakrishnan (c. 1950- ), Indian structural biologist, studies of chromatin and
ribosome
Sheldon C. Reed (1910-2003), American pioneer in genetic counseling and behavioral
genetics
G.N. Ramachandran (1922-2001) Indian biophysicist, co-discovered triple-helix structure
of collagen
David Reich, US, human population genetics and genomics, did humans and chimps
interbreed?
Theodore Reich (1938-2003), Canadian-American psychiatrist, a founder of modern
psychiatric genetics
Alexander Rich (1925- ), US biologist, biophysicist, discovered Z-DNA and tRNA 3dimensional structure

Rollin C. Richmond, US, evolutionary and pharmacogenetic studies of Drosophila,

university administrator
Neil Risch, American human and population geneticist, studied torsion dystonia
Otto Renner (1883-1960), German plant geneticist, established maternal plastid
inheritance
Marcus Rhoades (1903-1991), great maize (corn) geneticist and cytogeneticist
David L. Rimoin (1936- ), Canadian-US pediatric geneticist, focus on particularly
skeletal dysplasias
Richard Roberts (1943- ), British molecular biologist, Nobel Prize for introns and genesplicing
Arthur Robinson (1914-2000), American pediatrician, geneticist, pioneer on sex
chromosome anomalies
Herschel L. Roman (1914-1989), American geneticist, innovated in analysis in maize and
budding yeast
Irwin Rose (1926- ), American biologist, Nobel Prize for ubiquitin-mediated protein
degradation
Leon Rosenberg (c.1932- ), US physician-geneticist, molecular basis of inherited
metabolic disease
Peyton Rous (18791970), American tumor virologist and tissue culture expert, Nobel
Prize
Janet Rowley (1925- ), American cancer cytogeneticist who found Ph chromosome due to
translocation
Peter T. Rowley (19292006), American internist and geneticist, genetics of cancer and
leukemia
Frank Ruddle, US biologist, somatic cell genetics, human gene mapping, paved way for
transgenic mice
Ernst Rdin (1874-1952), Swiss psychiatrist, geneticist and eugenicist who promoted
racial hygiene
Elizabeth S. Russell (l913-2001), US mammalian geneticist, pioneering work on
pigmentation, blood-forming cells, and germ cells
Liane B. Russell (c. 1923- ), Austrian-born US mouse geneticist and radiation biologist
William L. Russell (1910-2003), UK-US mouse geneticist, pioneered study of
mutagenesis in mice
Leo Sachs (1924- ), German-Israeli molecular cancer biologist, colony-stimulating
factors, interleukins
Ruth Sager (1918-1997), US geneticist, pioneer of cytoplasmic genetics, tumor
suppressor genes
Joseph Sambrook (1939- ), British viral geneticist
Avery A. Sandberg, US internist, discovered XYY in 1961, expert on chromosomes in
cancer
Lodewijk A. Sandkuijl (1953-2002), Dutch expert on genetic epidemiology and statistical
genetics
Larry Sandler (1929-1987), US Drosophila geneticist, chromosome mechanics, devoted
teacher
John C. Sanford (1950- ), American horticultural geneticist and intelligent design
advocate

Fred Sanger (1918- ), UK biochemist, two Nobel Prizes, sequence of insulin, DNA
sequencing method
Ruth Sanger (1918-2001), Australian expert on blood groups, along with husband Robert
Race
Karl Sax (1892-1973), American botanist and cytogeneticist, effects of radiation on
chromosomes
Paul Schedl (1947- ), US molecular biologist, genetic regulation of developmental
pathways in fruit fly
Albert Schinzel (1944- ), Austrian human geneticist, clinical genetics, karyotypephenotype correlations
Werner Schmid (1930-2002), Swiss pioneer in human cytogenetics, described cat-eye
syndrome
Gertrud Schpbach, Swiss-American biologist, molecular and genetic mechanisms in
oogenesis
Charles Scriver (1930- ), Canadian pediatrician, biochemical geneticist, newborn
metabolic screening
Ernie Sears, (1910-1991), Wheat Geneticist who pioneered methods of transferring
desirable genes from wild relatives to cultivated wheat in order to increase wheat's
resistance to various insects and diseases
Jay Seegmiller (1920-2006), US human biochemical geneticist, found cause of LeschNyhan syndrome
Fred Sherman (c. 1933- ), US geneticist, one of the "fathers" and mentors of modern
yeast genetics
Larry Shapiro, US pediatric geneticist, lysosomal storage disorders, X chromosome
inactivation
Lucy Shapiro, US molecular geneticist, gene expression during the cell cycle, bacterium
Caulobacter
Phillip Sharp (1944- ), US geneticist and molecular biologist, Nobel Prize for codiscovery of gene splicing
Philip Sheppard (19211976), British population geneticist, lepidopterist, human blood
group researcher
G. H. Shull (1874-1954), American geneticist, made key discoveries including heterosis
Obaid Siddiqui (1932- ), Indian neurogeneticist, pioneer on olfactory sense of fruit fly
Drosophila
Norman Simmons (1915-2004), US, forgotten donor of pure DNA to Rosalind Franklin
in double helix saga
Piotr Slonimski (1922- ), Polish-Parisian yeast geneticist, pioneer of mitochondrial
heredity
William S. Sly (c. 1931- ), US biochemical geneticist, mucopolysaccharidosis type VII
(Sly syndrome)
David W. Smith (1926-1981), US pediatrician, influential dysmorphologist, named fetal
alcohol syndrome
Hamilton Smith (1931- ), American microbiologist, Nobel Prize for restriction
endonucleases
Michael Smith (1932-2000), UK-born Canadian biochemist, Nobel Prize for site-directed
mutagenesis

Oliver Smithies (1925- ), UK/US molecular geneticist, inventor, gel electrophoresis,

knock-out mice
George Snell (1903-1996), US mouse geneticist, pioneer transplant immunologist, won
Nobel Prize
Lawrence H. Snyder (1901-1986), American pioneer in medical genetics, studied blood
groups
Tracy M. Sonneborn (19051981), protozoan biologist and geneticist
Ed Southern (1938- ), UK molecular biologist, invented Southern blot and DNA
microarray technologies
Hans Spemann (1869-1941) German embryologist, Nobel Prize for discovery of
embryonic induction
David Stadler, American geneticist, mechanisms of mutation and recombination in
Neurospora
L.J. Stadler (1896-1954), eminent American maize geneticist, father of David Stadler
Frank Stahl (1929- ), American molecular biologist, the Stahl half of the Meselson-Stahl
experiment
David States, US geneticist & bioinformatician, computational study of human genome
& proteome
G. Ledyard Stebbins (1906-2000), American botanist, geneticist and evolutionary
biologist
Michael Stebbins, American geneticist, science writer, editor and activist
Emmy Stein (1879-1954), German botanist and geneticist
Joan A. Steitz (c.1942- ), US molecular biologist, pioneering studies of snRNAs and
snRNPs (snurps)
Gunther Stent (1924- ), German-born US molecular geneticist, phage worker, philosopher
of science
Curt Stern (1902-1981), German-born US Drosophila and human geneticist, great teacher
Nettie Stevens (1861-1912), US geneticist, studied chromosomal basis of sex and
discovered XY basis
Miodrag Stojkovi (1964- ), Serbian geneticist, working in Europe on mammalian
cloning
George Streisinger (1927-1984), American geneticist, work on bacterial viruses,
frameshift mutations
Alfred Sturtevant (18911970), constructed first genetic map of a chromosome
John Sulston (1942- ), British molecular biologist, Nobel Prize for programmed cell death
in C. elegans
James Sumner (1887-1955), American biochemist, Nobel Prize, found enzymes can be
crystallized
Maurice Super (d. 2006, age 69), S. African-born UK pediatric geneticist, studied cystic
fibrosis
Grant Sutherland, Australian molecular cytogeneticist, pioneer on human fragile sites,
human genome
Walter Sutton (1877-1916), US surgeon and scientist, proved chromosomes contained
genes
David Suzuki (1936-), Canadian Drosophila geneticist, science broadcaster and
environmental activist

M.S. Swaminathan (1925- ), Indian agricultural scientist, geneticist, leader of Green

Revolution in India
Bryan Sykes, British human geneticist, discovered ways to extract DNA from fossilized
bones
Jack Szostak (1952- ), Anglo-US geneticist, work on telomeres, recombination, artificial
chromosomes
Edward Tatum (1909-1975), showed genes control individual steps in metabolism
Howard Temin (1934-1994), US geneticist, Nobel Prize for discovery of reverse
transcriptase
Alan Templeton (c.1948- ), US geneticist & biostatistician, molecular evolution,
evolutionary biology
Donnall Thomas (1920- ) US physician, Nobel Prize for bone marrow transplantation for
leukemia
Nikolay Timofeeff-Ressovsky (1900-1981), Russian radiation and evolution geneticist
Alfred Tissires (1917-2003), Swiss molecular geneticist, pioneered molecular biology in
Geneva
Joe Hin Tjio (1919-2001), Java-born geneticist who first discovered humans have 46
chromosomes
Susumu Tonegawa (1939- ), Japanese molecular biologist, Nobel Prize for genetics of
antibody diversity
Erich von Tschermak (1871-1962) Austrian agronomist and one of the re-discoverers of
Mendel's laws
Lap-Chee Tsui, Chinese geneticist, sequenced first human gene (for cystic fibrosis) with
Collins
Raymond Turpin (1895-1988), French pediatrician, geneticist, Lejeune's co-discoverer of
trisomy 21
Axel Ullrich (1943- ), German molecular biologist, signal transduction, discovered
oncogene, Herceptin
Irene Ayako Uchida (1917- ), Canadian geneticist and cytogeneticist. One of the first in
Canada. Down syndrome
Harold Varmus (1939- ), American Nobel Prize-winner for oncogenes, head of NIH
Nikolai Vavilov (1887-1943), eminent Russian botanist and geneticist, anti-Lysenko, died
in prison
Craig Venter (1946- ), American molecular biologist and entrepreneur, raced to sequence
the genome
Jerome Vinograd (1913-1976), US, leader in biochemistry and molecular biology of
nucleic acids
Friedrich Vogel, German, leader in human genetics, coined term "pharmacogenetics"
Bert Vogelstein (1949- ), US pediatrician and cancer geneticist, series of mutations in
colorectal cancer
Erik Adolf von Willebrand (1870-1949), Finnish internist who found commonest
bleeding disorder
Petrus Johannes Waardenburg (1886-1979), Dutch ophthalmologist, geneticist,
Waardenburg syndrome
C. H. Waddington (1905-1975), British developmental biologist, paleontologist,
geneticist, embryologist

Alfred Russel Wallace (1823-1913), Welsh, proposed natural selection theory

independent of Darwin
Douglas Wallace, US mitochondrial geneticist, pioneered human mtDNA as a molecular
marker
Peter Walter, German-US molecular biologist studying protein folding and protein
targeting
Richard H. Ward (1943-2003), English-born New Zealand human and anthropological
geneticist
James D. Watson (1928- ), US molecular geneticist, Nobel Prize for discovery of the
double helix
David Weatherall, distinguished UK physician, geneticist, pioneer in hemoglobin and
molecular medicine
Robert Weinberg, US, discovered first human oncogene and first tumor suppressor gene
Wilhelm Weinberg (1862-1937),German physician, formulated basic law of population
genetics
Spencer Wells (1969- ), US genetic anthropologist, head of Genographic Project to map
past migrations
Susan R. Wessler (1953- ), US plant molecular geneticist, transposable elements re
genetic diversity
Raymond White, US cancer geneticist, cloned APC colon cancer gene &
neurofibromatosis gene
Glayde Whitney (19392002) US behavioral geneticist, accused of supporting scientific
racism
Reed Wickner (c. 1940- ) US molecular geneticist, yeast phenotypes due to prion forms
of native proteins
Alexander S. Wiener (1907-1976), U.S. immunologist, discovered Rh blood groups with
Landsteiner
Eric F. Wieschaus (1947- ), American developmental biologist and Nobel Prize-winner
Maurice Wilkins (1916-2004), New Zealand-born British Nobel Prize-winner with
Watson and Crick
Huntington Willard (c.1953- ), US human geneticist, X chromosome inactivation, gene
silencing
Robley Williams (1908-1995), US virologist, recreated tobacco mosaic virus from its
RNA + protein coat
Ian Wilmut (1944- ) UK reproductive biologist who first cloned a mammal (lamb named
Dolly)
Allan Wilson (1934-1991) New Zealand-US innovator in molecular study of human
evolution
David Sloan Wilson (1949- ), US evolutionary biologist and geneticist
Edmund Beecher Wilson (1856-1939), US zoologist, geneticist, discovered XY & XX
sex chromosomes
jvind Winge (1886-1964), Danish biologist and pioneer in yeast genetics
Chester B. Whitley (1950- ), US geneticist, pioneered treatment of lysosomal diseases
Carl Woese (1928- ), US biologist, defined Archaea as new domain of life, rRNA
phylogenetic tool

Ulrich Wolf (1933- ), German cytogeneticist, found chromosome 4p deletion in WolfHirschhorn syndrome
Melaku Worede (1936-), Ethiopian conservationist and geneticist
Sewall Wright (18891988), eminent US geneticist who, with Fisher, united genetics &
evolution
Charles Yanofsky (1925- ), American molecular geneticist, colinearity of gene and its
protein product
Floyd Zaiger (1926- ), fruit geneticist and entrepreneur
Hans Zellweger (1909-1990) Swiss-US pediatrician and clinical geneticist, described
Zellweger syndrome
Norton Zinder (1928-) American biologist and phage worker who discovered genetic
transduction
Rolf M. Zinkernagel (1944- ), Swiss scientist, won Nobel Prize for immune recognition
of antigen
Otto Wilhelm Hermann von Abich (1806 - 1886), German mineralogist
Louis Agassiz (1807 - 1873), Swiss-American geologist, work on ice ages, glaciers, Lake
Agassiz
Georgius Agricola (Georg Bauer) (1494 - 1555), German naturalist and 'Father of
Mineralogy', author of De re metallica
Ulisse Aldrovandi (1522 - 1605), Italy, Renaissance naturalist
Claude Allgre (b. 1937), prize-winning French geochemist
Walter Alvarez (b. 1940), USA, author of T. Rex and the Crater of Doom
J. Willis Ambrose, first President of Geological Association of Canada
Roy Chapman Andrews (1884-1960), American explorer and naturalist; Mongolian
dinosaurs
Mary Anning (1799 - 1847), England, pioneer fossil collector
Adolphe d'Archiac (1802 - 1868), prize-winning French paleontologist
Giovanni Arduino (1714 - 1795), Italian, first classification of geological time
Richard Lee Armstrong (1937-1991), American/Canadian geochemist
Tanya Atwater, California, USA geophysicist, marine geologist, plate tectonics specialist
Andrew Geddes Bain (1797-1864), South Africa, prepared first detailed geological map
of South Africa
Robert T. Bakker (b. 1945), American dinosaur paleontologist; author, The Dinosaur
Heresies
Selwyn G. Blaylock (1879-1945), Canadian chemist and mining executive with Cominco
Thomas Barger (1909 - 1986), USA, noted Saudi geologist and CEO of Aramco
Anthony R. Barringer (b. 1925), Canadian/American geophysicist and inventor
Florence Bascom (1862-1945), USA, first woman geologist at the US Geological Survey
Robert Bell, (1841 - 1917), considered Canadas greatest explorer-scientist
Walter A. Bell (1889 - 1969), Canadian paleobotanist and stratigrapher
Etheldred Benett, (1776 - 1845), England, pioneer paleontologist
Pierre Berthier (1782 - 1861), French geologist, discovered the properties of bauxite
Stewart Blusson (born 1939), Canada, co-discoverer of Ekati Diamond Mine
Bruce Bolt (1930 - 2005), USA (born Australia), pioneer engineering seismologist in
California
Norman L. Bowen (1887 - 1956), Canada, pioneer experimental petrologist

J. Harlen Bretz (1882 - 1981), USA, discovered origin of channeled scablands

Wallace S. Broecker (born 1931), American paleoclimatologist and chemical
oceanographer
Robert Broom (1866 - 1951), South African palaeontologist, discovered australopithecine
hominid fossils
Barnum Brown (1873-1963), USA, famous dinosaur hunter and self-taught
paleontologist
William Buckland (1784 - 1856), England, wrote the first full account of a fossil dinosaur
B. Clark Burchfiel, USA, MIT structural geologist, currently studying Tibetan plateau
Stephen E. Calvert, Canadian professor, geologist, oceanographer
Colin Campbell (born 1931), British petroleum geologist and Peak Oil theorist
Neil Campbell (1914-1978), Canada, Northwest Territories mineral exploration
Petr Cerny, Czech/Canadian mineralogist
Alexandre-Emile Bguyer de Chancourtois (1820 - 1886), France, geologist and
mineralogist
George V. Chilingar, USA, distinguished international petroleum geologist
John J. Clague, Canada, Quaternary and geological hazards expert
Thomas H. Clark (1893 - 1996), Canada, co-author of The Geological Evolution of North
America (1960)
William Branwhite Clarke (1798 - 1878), Australia (born England), discovered gold in
New South Wales, 1841
Hans Cloos (1885 - 1951), prominent German structural geologist
Simon Conway Morris (born 1951), palaeontologist and writer
William Conybeare (1787 - 1857), England, author of Outlines of the Geology of
England and Wales (1822)
Isabel Clifton Cookson (1893 - 1973), prize-winning Australian paleobotanist and
palynologist
Edward Drinker Cope (1840 - 1897), USA, pioneer dinosaur paleontologist; Bone Wars
competitor
Charles Cotton (1885 - 1970), New Zealand, geologist and geomorphologist
Georges Cuvier (1769 - 1832), France, proponent of catastrophism
Samuel Warren Carey (born 1911), Australia, developed the expanding earth theory
James Dwight Dana (1813 - 1895), USA, author of System of Mineralogy (1837)
Charles Darwin (1809 - 1882), British naturalist, author of On the Origin of Species
George Mercer Dawson (1849 - 1901), Canada, pioneer Yukon geologist
John William Dawson (1820 - 1899), Canada, pioneer Acadian geologist
Jean de Heinzelin de Braucourt (1920 - 1998), Belgium geologist, discoverer of the
Ishango bone in 1960
Henry De la Beche (1796 - 1855), England, first director of the Geological Survey of
Great Britain
Duncan R. Derry (1906 1987), Canadian economic geologist
Nicolas Desmarest (1725 - 1815), France, pioneer volcanologist
William R. Dickinson (b. 1930), Arizona, USA, plate tectonics, Colorado Plateau
Robert S. Dietz (1914 - 1995), USA, seafloor spreading pioneer
Robert John Wilson Douglas (1920 1979), Canadian petroleum geologist
Aleksis Dreimanis (b. 1914), Latvia & Canada, award-winning Quaternary geologist

Clarence Edward Dutton (1841 - 1912), USA, author of Tertiary History of the Grand
Canyon District
Niles Eldredge (b.1943), American paleontologist; theory of punctuated equilibrium
Jean-Baptiste lie de Beaumont (1798 - 1874), France, prepared first geological map of
France
W. G. Ernst (b. 1931), USA, Stanford petrologist and geochemist
Robert Etheridge, Junior (1847 - 1920), Australian (born England) paleontologist,
longtime curator of the Australian Museum
Maurice Ewing (1906 - 1974), USA, pioneering geophysicist and oceanographer
Barthlemy Faujas de Saint-Fond (1741 - 1819), France, pioneer volcanologist
Mikhail A. Fedonkin (b. 1946), awarding winning Russian paleontologist
Walter Frederick Ferrier (1865 - 1950), Canada, mineral collector
Chuck Fipke, Canada, co-discoverer of Ekati Diamond Mine
Richard Fortey (b. 1946), England, trilobite paleontologist, author
Yves O. Fortier (b. 1914), Canada, High Arctic explorer
William Fyfe (b. 1927, New Zealand), Canada, geochemist
Hubert Gabrielse, prize-winning Canadian geologist
Robert Garrels (1916 - 1988), American geochemist, revolutionized aqueous
geochemistry
Grove Karl Gilbert (1843 - 1918), USA, influential Western geologist
James E. Gill (1901 1980), Canada, McGill University professor, explorer
Victor Goldschmidt (1888 - 1947), Norway (born Switzerland), a founder of modern
geochemistry
John Gosse, Canadian geomorphologist
Stephen Jay Gould (1941 - 2002), American paleontologist and writer
L.C. Graton (1880 - 1970), USA, Harvard economic geologist
Alexander Henry Green (1832 - 1896), England, surveyed Derbyshire and Yorkshire
Henry C. Gunning (1901 - 1991), Canada (born Northern Ireland), British Columbia
geologist
Julius von Haast (1824 - 1887), New Zealand (born Germany), founded Canterbury
Museum
Sir James Hall (1761 - 1832), Scottish geologist, president of the Royal Society of
Edinburgh
James Hall (1811-1898), USA, influential geologist and paleontologist
W. Brian Harland (1917 - 2003), England, polar geologist
Geoffrey Hattersley-Smith (b. 1923), England and Canada, polar geologist
James Edwin Hawley (1897 - 1965), Canada, studied mineralogy of ore deposits
Frank Hawthorne (b. 1968), Canadian mineralogist and crystallographer
Ferdinand Vandeveer Hayden (1829 - 1887), USA, pioneer Western geologist
Sue Hendrickson (b.1949), American paleontologist; discoverer of "Sue", the largest
Tyrannosaurus rex ever found
Harry Hess (1906 - 1969), USA geologist and oceanographer
Pattillo Higgins (1863 - 1955), USA, known as the "Prophet of Spindletop"
Eugene W. Hilgard (1833 - 1916), USA (born Germany), soil scientist
Claude Hillaire-Marcel, Canada (born France), Quaternary geologist
Paul F. Hoffman, USA & Canada, Snowball Earth theorist

Arthur Holmes (1890 - 1965), England, author of Principles of Physical Geology

Jack Horner (b. 1946), famous American dinosaur paleontologist; MacArthur Fellowship
winner
Kenneth J. Hsu (b. 1929), USA (born China), author of The Mediterranean was a Desert
M. King Hubbert (1903 - 1989), USA, originator of "Peak Oil" theory
James Hutton (1726 - 1797), Scottish geologist, father of modern geology
Edward A. Irving (b. 1927), Canadian, used paleomagnetism to support continental drift
theory
James A. Jensen (1911-1998), USA, distinguished dinosaur paleontologist and sculptor
Michael John Keen (1935 - 1991), Atlantic Canada, award-winning marine geoscientist
Clarence King (1893 - 1971), USA, first director of the U.S. Geological Survey
James Kitching (1922 2003), South Africa, Karoo vertebrate palaeontologist
Sir Albert Ernest Kitson, (1868-1937), Australian (born England) economic geologist,
mineral exploration in Africa
Maria Klenova (18981976) Russian marine geologist
Andrew H. Knoll, (b. 1951), USA, Harvard geologist and paleontologist
Danie G. Krige, South African mining engineer, inventor of kriging
Thomas Edvard Krogh, Canada, geochronologist, revolutionized uranium-lead
radiometric dating
William C. Krumbein, (1902 - 1979), USA, distinguished sedimentologist
Nikolai Kudryavtsev (1893 - 1971), Russian petroleum geologist
Andrew Lawson (1861 - 1952), USA (born Scotland), named San Andreas fault
Joseph LeConte (1823 - 1901), USA, first professor of geology, University of California
Robert Legget (1904 - 1994), Canadian non-fiction writer, civil engineer, pedologist
Inge Lehmann (1888 - 1993), Danish seismologist, discovered Lehmann discontinuity
Luna Leopold (1915 - 2006), eminent American hydrologist
Xavier Le Pichon (b. 1937), French plate tectonics geophysicist
Waldemar Lindgren (1860 - 1939), distinguished Swedish-American economic geologist
Li Shizhen (1518 - 1593), Ming Dynasty Chinese mineralogist, author of the Ben Cao
Gang Mu (Compendium of Materia Medica)
Martin Lister (c.1638 - 1712), England, pioneer geologist
William Edmond Logan (1798 - 1875), Canada, founded Geological Survey of Canada
Fred Longstaffe, Canada, Provost of University of Western Ontario
Sir Charles Lyell (1797 - 1875), Scottish geologist, popularized principle of
uniformitarianism
William Maclure (1763 - 1840), published first geologic map of USA (1809)
J. Ross Mackay (b. 1915), Canadian permafrost geologist
Othniel Charles Marsh, (1831 - 1899), USA, pioneer dinosaur paleontologist; Bone Wars
competitor
Sir Douglas Mawson (1882 - 1958), Australian Antarctic explorer
Sir Frederick McCoy (1817? - 1899), British and Australian palaeontologist and museum
director
Dan McKenzie (b. 1942), UK geophysicist, plate tectonics pioneer
Digby McLaren (1919 2004), Canadian paleontologist
Giuseppe Mercalli (1850 - 1914), Italian seismologist and volcanologist, developed
Mercalli scale for measuring earthquakes

Hans Merensky (1871 - 1952), South African economic geologist, discovered major
diamond, platinum, chrome and copper deposits, including the Merensky Reef
John C. Merriam (1869 - 1945), USA, vertebrate paleontologist, studied fossils from La
Brea Tar Pits
Waman Bapuji Metre (1906 - 1970), India, petroleum geologist
Gerard V. Middleton (b. 1931), Canada, sedimentologist
Andrija Mohorovii (1857 - 1936), Croatian meteorologist and seismologist, discovered
Mohorovicic Discontinuity
Friedrich Mohs (1773 - 1839), Germany, devised Mohs' scale of mineral hardness
James Monger, Canadian Cordillera geologist
W. Jason Morgan (b. 1935), American plate tectonics pioneer
Eric W. Mountjoy, Canadian sedimentologist and petrologist
Roderick Murchison (1792 - 1871), Scotland, author of The Silurian System (1839)
Emiliano Mutti (b. 1933), Italian petroleum geologist
Anthony J. Naldrett, Canadian (born England) nickel ore geologist
E. R. Ward Neale (b. 1923), Atlantic Canada geologist
John Strong Newberry (1822 - 1892), USA, pioneer Western geologist and explorer
Nils Gustaf Nordenskild (1792 1866), Finland and Russia, mineralogist
John Ostrom (1928 - 2005), American dinosaur paleontologist, discovered warm-blooded
Deinonychus
Joseph Pardee (1871 - 1960), USA, channeled scablands
Clair Cameron Patterson (1922 - 1995), USA, geochemist, fought lead poisoning
R.A.F. Penrose, Jr. (1863 - 1931), USA, mining geologist, Penrose Medal
John Phillips (1800 - 1874), Yorkshire geologist
Vladimir Porfiriev (1899 - 1982), Russian petroleum geologist
John Wesley Powell (1834 - 1902), USA, ex-soldier who mapped the Colorado River,
second director of the USGS.
Raymond A. Price (b. 1933) Canadian structural and tectonic geologist
Raphael Pumpelly (1837 - 1923), USA, geologist and explorer
Frederick Leslie Ransome (1868 - 1935), USA (born England), prolific USGS economic
geologist
David M. Raup, USA, mass-extinction paleontologist; author of Extinction: Bad Genes or
Bad Luck?
Charles Richter (1900 - 1985), American seismologist, devised Richter magnitude scale
for earthquakes
Ferdinand Baron Von Richthofen (1833 - 1905), German geologist and geographer
Ralph J. Roberts (1911-2007), American geologist
Donald F. Sangster, Canada, prize-winning lead-zinc economic geologist
Harrison Schmitt (b. 1935), USA, Apollo 17 moonwalker
Adam Sedgwick (1785 - 1873), England, proposed Devonian and Cambrian periods
Nicholas Shackleton (1937 - 2006), British geologist and climatologist
Shen Kuo (1031 - 1095), Chinese polymath scientist, magnetic compass pioneer,
geomorphology theory
Eugene Merle Shoemaker (1928 - 1997), USA, meteoriticist, co-discovered Comet
Shoemaker-Levy
George Gaylord Simpson (1902 - 1984), USA, eminent paleontologist

William Smith (1769 - 1839), father of English Geology

Su Song (1020 - 1101), Chinese naturalist and polymath, author of treatise on metallurgy
and mineralogy
Flaxman Charles John Spurrell (1842 - 1915), English archaeologist, geologist and
photographer
Charles Steen (1919 - 2006), USA, discovered uranium near Moab, Utah
Max Steineke, USA, geologist chiefly responsible for the discovery of oil in Saudi Arabia
in the 1930s
Charles R. Stelck (born 1917), Canada, petroleum geologist, emeritus professor
Nicolas Steno (1638 - 1686), Denmark, pioneer in early-modern geology
Clifford H. Stockwell, Canadian structural geologist, Geological Survey of Canada
David Strangway, Canada, geophysicist and university administrator
Eduard Suess (1831 - 1914), Austria (born England), named Gondwanaland
Marie Tharp (1920 - 2006), co-discoverer of the Mid-Oceanic Ridge
Lonnie Thompson (b. 1948), USA, glaciologist and ice-core climatologist
Raymond Thorsteinsson (born c. 1930), Canada, prize-winning Arctic geologist
Phillip Tobias (b. 1925), South African palaeoanthropologist, homo habilis pioneer
Otto Martin Torell (1828 - 1900), chief of the Geological Survey of Sweden
Joseph Tyrrell (1858 - 1957), Canadian paleontologist, namesake of Royal Tyrrell
Museum of Palaeontology
Warren Upham (1850 - 1934), USA, studied glacial Lake Agassiz
Charles-Louis-Joseph-Xavier de la Valle-Poussin (1827-1903), Belgian geologist and
minerologist
Jan Veizer, Canadian isotope geochemist
Felix Andries Vening Meinesz (1887 - 1966), Dutch geophysicist and gravimetric
geodesist
Vladimir Vernadsky (1863 - 1945), pioneer Russian geochemist and biogeochemist
Fred Vine (born 1939), British marine geologist, geophysicist, plate tectonics pioneer
Charles Doolittle Walcott (1850 - 1927), American paleontologist, discovered Burgess
Shale fossils
Roger G. Walker, prize-winning Canadian sedimentologist, emeritus professor
Alfred Wegener (1880 - 1930), German meteorologist, continental drift pioneer
Abraham Werner (1749? - 1817), Germany, proponent of Neptunism
Josiah Whitney (1819 - 1896), chief of the California Geological Survey; Mt. Whitney
Harold Williams (b. 1934), Atlantic Canada geologist
Howel Williams (1898 - 1980), American (born England) volcanologist
John Williamson (1907 - 1958), discovered the Williamson diamond mine, Tanzania
J. Tuzo Wilson (1908 - 1993), Canadian geophysicist and plate tectonics geologist
Newton Horace Winchell, (1839 - 1914), USA, geology of Minnesota
William Henry Wright, (1876 1951), Canadian prospector and newspaper publisher,
discovered Kirkland Lake gold district
This is a list of notable pharmacists.
Dora Akunyili, Director General of National Agency for Food and Drug Administration
and Control of Nigeria
Charles Alderton (1857 - 1941), American inventor the soft drink Dr Pepper

George F. Archambault (19102001), Considered to be the "father" of consultant

pharmacy
Jean Baptiste Christophore Fuse Aublet (17201778), French botanists and explorer
George H. Bartell, Sr. (1868-1956), American Founder of Bartell Drugs, the oldest
family-owned drug store chain in the United States
Paul Carl Beiersdorf (1836-1896), German founder of Beiersdorf AG
David Bernauer, American CEO of Walgreens drug store chain
Jesse Boot (1850 1931), British businessman and transformer of the Boots
Pharmacy/Drug Company into a national retailer
John Boot (1815 - 1860), British founder of Boots the Chemists
Caleb Bradham (1867-1934), American inventor of the soft drink Pepsi-cola
Lawrence Brock (1906-1968), Nebraskan politician
Philo Carpenter (1805 -1886), first pharmacist in Chicago, IL
Michel Casseux(1794-1869), French developer of Savate
Jean Coutu (pharmacist) (1927-), French Canadian founder of the Jean Coutu Group
Stanley Stewart Davis (1942 - ), Winner of Eurand Award for Outstanding Research in
Oral Drug Delivery
Theodor Fontane (1819 - 1898), German novelist and poet
Charles Elmer Hires (1851 - 1937), American inventor of the soft drink Hires Root Beer
Herbert Haft (1920-2004), American corporate raider
Hubert Humphrey (1911 - 1978), Pharmacist and 38th Vice President of the United States
Cornelius Comegys Jadwin (1835-1913), Republican member of the U.S. House of
Representatives from Pennsylvania
Georg Joseph Kamel (1661-1706), Czech Jesuit missionary and botanist
Murray Koffler (1924-), founder of Canadian drug store chain Shoppers Drug Mart
John Uri Lloyd (1849-1936), influential American pharmacist
Andrew Lowey (1977-), British research pharmaist
Antonio Luna (1866-1899), Philippine General
Charles Mohr (1824-1901), German botanist
Tadeusz Pankiewicz (1908-1993), Polish pharmacist in the Krakw Ghetto
Alton J. Parker (1879-1927), English chemist and creator of the amyl nitrite capsule
Ruiz and Pavn (1850 1931), Ruiz and Pavn Spanish famous Pharmacists
John Pemberton (1831 - 1888), American inventor of the soft drink Coca-Cola
Jean-Claude Pressac (1944-2003), French chemist and authority on the Holocaust of
World War II
William Proctor, Jr. (1817-1872), regarded as the "Father of American Pharmacy", was
instrumental in the founding of the American Pharmaceutical Association in 1852.
Wilbur Scoville (1865 - 1942), American developer of the The Scoville Organoleptic Test
Friedrich Sertrner (1783-1841), German chemist and discover of morphine
Daniel B Smith (17921883), American educator
Eugne Soubeiran (1797-1859), French discover of chloroform
Harve Tibbott (18851969), Republican politician and U.S. House of Representatives
from Pennsylvania
Oscar Troplowitz (1863-1918), German entrepreneur and owner of Beiersdorf AG
James Vernor (18431927), American inventor of Vernor's ginger ale
Charles Rudolph Walgreen (1873 - 1939), Founder of Walgreens Drugstore

R. Tim Webster (1946-2003), Founder and long-time executive director of the American
Society of Consultant Pharmacists
Gerry Weiner (1933-), Canadian politician; former Progressive Conservative Party of
Canada MP and cabinet minister, president of the Equality Party and mayor of Dollard,
Quebec
Harvey A. K. Whitney (1894 - 1957), Founder and first president of the American
Society of Hospital Pharmacists in 1942.
Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_pharmacists"

English-speaking countries
In Britain, hereditary surnames were adopted in the 13th and 14th centuries, initially by
the aristocracy but eventually by everyone. By 1400, most English people and Scottish
people had acquired surnames, but many Highland Scots and Welsh people didn't adopt
surnames until the 17th century, or later.
Most surnames of British origin fall into six types:

Occupations (e.g., Smith, Archer, Baker, Dyer, Walker, Woodman)

Personal characteristics (e.g., Short, Brown, Whitehead, Long)
Geographical features (e.g., Hill, Lee, Wood, Fields)
Place names (e.g., London, Hamilton, Sutton, Flint, Laughton)
For those descended from land-owners, the name of their holdings, manor or
estate
Patronymics and ancestry, often from a male's given name (e.g., Richardson,
Williams, Johnson) or from a clan name (for those of Scottish origin, e.g.,
MacDonald, Forbes) with "Mac" Scottish Gaelic for son.

The original meaning of the name may no longer be obvious in modern English (e.g., a
Cooper is one who makes barrels, and the name Tillotson is a matronymic from a
diminutive for Matilda). A much smaller category of names relates to religion, though
some of this category are also occupations. The names Bishop, Priest, or Abbot, for
example, usually indicate that an ancestor worked for a bishop, a priest, or an abbot,
respectively.
In the Americas, the family names of many African-Americans have their origins in
slavery. Many of them came to bear the surnames of their former owners. Many freed
slaves either created family names themselves or else adopted the name of their former
master. Others, such as Muhammad Ali and Malcolm X, changed their name rather than
live with one they believed had been given to their ancestors by a slave owner.
It has long been the patriarchal tradition for women to change their surname upon
marriage from their birth name (or maiden name) to their husband's last name. From the
first known instance of a woman keeping her birth name, Lucy Stone in the 19th century,
there has been a general increase in the rate of women keeping their original name. This

has gone through periods of flux, however, and the 1990s saw a decline in the percentage
of name retention among women. As of 2004, roughly 60% of American women
automatically assumed their husband's surname upon getting married.[citation needed] Even in
families where the wife has kept her birth name, parents often choose to give their
children their father's family name. In English-speaking countries, married women
traditionally have been called Mrs. [Husband's full name], although this practice is now
outdated and has been replaced by a title of Mrs. [Wife's first name] [Husband's
surname].
In the Middle Ages, when a man from a lower status family married an only daughter
from a higher status family, he would take the wife's family name. In the 18th and 19th
centuries in Britain, bequests were sometimes made contingent upon a man changing (or
hyphenating) his name, so that the name of the legator continued. Although it is rare for
English-speaking men to take the name of their wives, some men still choose to do so
(such as among Canadian aboriginal groups) or, increasingly common in the United
States, a married couple may choose a new last name entirely.
As an alternative, both the husband and wife may adopt a double-barrelled name. For
instance, when John Smith and Mary Jones marry each other, they may become known as
John Smith-Jones and Mary Smith-Jones. However, some consider the extra length of the
hyphenated names undesirable. A wife may also opt to use her maiden name for her
middle name, giving her the option of referring to herself as either Mrs. Smith or Mary
Jones Smith. An additional option is when the spouses adopt a last name derived from an
aesthetically pleasing combination of the prior names, such as "Simones".
In some jurisdictions, a woman's legal name used to change automatically upon marriage.
Although women may now easily choose to change to their married name, that change is
no longer the default. In some places, civil rights lawsuits or constitutional amendments
changed the law so that men could also easily change their married names (e.g., in British
Columbia and California).[4] (Note: many Anglophone countries are also common-law
countries.)
Many women choose to change their name when they marry, while others don't. There
are many reasons why women maintain their surname. One is that the female surname
disappears throughout generations, while the male surname survives. By keeping their
surname and passing that name down to the next generation, the female surname (and its
heritage) may also survive. Another reason is if the women's surname is well known due
to their family heritage, she may choose to keep her surname. Yet another is the identity
crisis women may experience when giving up their surname. Women in academia, for
example, who have previously published articles in academic journals under their maiden
name often don't change their surname after marriage, in order to ensure that they
continue to receive credit for their past and future work. This practice is also common
among female physicians, attorneys, and other professionals, as well as celebrities for
whom continuity is important. Though the practice of women maintaining their surname
after marriage is increasing, it hasn't caught on in the general population. A possible

reason is due to the difficulty of distinguishing such a married couple from one who is
cohabiting without asking them directly, and the associated stigma that may result.
Spelling of names in past centuries is often assumed to be a deliberate choice by a family,
but due to very low literacy rates the reality is that many families could not provide the
spelling of their surname, and so the scribe, clerk, minister, or official would write down
the name on the basis of how it was spoken. This results in many variations, some of
which occurred when families moved to another country. The officially-recorded
spellings tended to become the standard for that family.