LMS Test introduction

Chiel Verhoeven

Content

Company introduction

LMS Test systems

Sound engineering

Structural dynamics

Rotating machinery

Durability testing and analysis

2 copyright LMS International - 2012

Agenda

What is testing - DSP

Hardware - LMS Scadas

Software - LMS Test.Lab

Agenda

What is testing - DSP

Hardware - LMS Scadas

Software - LMS Test.Lab

The measurement chain

Strains

accelerations
forces

rpm

Pressures

Sensor

Scadas

PC

The measurement chain

Sensors

Strains
Amplitude
[V]

accelerations
forces

rpm
Time t
A sensor is a device that measures a measurable
attribute and converts it into a signal which can be
read by an observer or by an instrument.
(Wikipedia)

Pressures

Sensor

Scadas

PC

The measurement chain

Signal conditioning and data acquisition system (Scadas)

Sensor

Scadas

PC

The measurement chain

Signal conditioning and data acquisition system (Scadas)

Analog Domain

Digital Domain

Sensor
supply

Sensor
(S)

Acquisition
Software

Signal
Conditioning

Signal
Generator

Sensor

Scadas

PC

Gain

Alias
Protection

ADC

DSP

Data Storage

Analysis
Software

The measurement chain

Measurement PC

PC with dedicated software

Communication with Scadas

Processing and storage of the channels

Analysis with measured data

Consolidate data for simulation input

Sensor

Scadas

PC

Analog to digital conversion

Quantification - Discretization

Amplitude is divided in
discrete levels (bits)
16 bit 65536
24 bit 16777216

Level of the signal is measured with an interval (sampling frequency)

Sensor

Scadas

PC

Analog to digital conversion

Issues with Digital signal processing

Aliasing

Leakage

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Analog to digital conversion

Aliasing
Some examples:

fs = fsine

fs = 2 * fsine

Observed frequency
= fs fsine = 0 Hz

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Observed frequency
= fsine

Analog to digital conversion

Aliasing
General: fS < 2 * fsine  fS - fsine

t = 1/fs

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Analog to digital conversion

Anti-aliasing filter

3 dB roll off point

@ 80% of bandwidth
Log
Amplitude

A
Alias-free

80%
fBW
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fs/2

fs- fBW

fs

Frequency

Analog to digital conversion

Leakage

When your signal does not correspond to a spectral line

5 V Sine Wave - 3 Hz

5 V Sine Wave - 2.5 Hz

f = 1Hz

5V

4 5
Hz

4 5
Hz

Why?
 non-periodicity in observation window

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Smaller amplitude
& smearing of
spectral content

Periodic Signals

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T = N t

Non Periodic Signals

!
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T = N t

Windows: Minimize Leakage

Original signal

Window function

=
Windowed signal

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Agenda

What is testing - DSP

Hardware - LMS Scadas

Software - LMS Test.Lab

LMS SCADAS
Measurement system for lab and field testing
Rugged

No moving components inside

MIL-STD810F shock and vibration tested

High performance

1 Gbit LAN connection

Sampling up to 204.8 kHz

Guaranteed anti-aliased data

Flexibility

From 4 to 72 channels per frame

Master/slave extendable

Built-in battery

Connectivity

Multi-functional input modules

GPS, CAN

V, ICP, Strain gauges, digital audio, thermocouples

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Scadas Lab

LMS SCADAS frames

Scadas Lab platform

19 rack mounting
From 8 to 2000+ channels
160 Channels per frame
Master-slave connection with Scadas mobile
Up to 204.2 kHz sampling rate per channel
24-bit DSP technology
150dB spurious free dynamic range
14 MSamples throughput rate using high-speed Ethernet connection

LMS SCADAS frames

Scadas mobile platform
Tuned for classical NVH applications:
PC-based measurements
Built-in battery
1Gbit LAN
Sampling at 204.8kHz
V ICP Strain Temperature

SCM plus:
Recording on CF card
PDA control
Parallel storage

Classical N&V
Laboratory, in-field
Scadas Mobile

N&V & Recorder

Lab, In-field & unattended
Scadas Recorder

Durability
Lab, In-field & unattended
Scadas Durability Recorder

IP54 version of SCR

LMS Scadas modules

Accommodating a wide variety of NVH transducers
V8E:

Voltage and ICP

VD8E:

Voltage, ICP, differential inputs

VM8E:

Voltage, ICP and microphone

VS8E:

Voltage, ICP and digital audio

VC8E:

Voltage, ICP and charge

VB8E:

Voltage, ICP and bridge

DB8:

Voltage and bridge

T8:

Thermocouple

RV4:

Torsional vibration inputs

Accelerometers:

piezoelectric, ICP or capacitive

Force and pressure sensors:

piezoelectric or strain gauges

Microphones and SI probes:

conventional or ICP

Strain gauges:

conventional 120/350 or semiconductor

Tacho sensors:

inductive, capacitive, CAN or optical

Temperature sensors:

type E, J, K, N, R, S and T thermocouple

Agenda

What is testing - DSP

Hardware - LMS Scadas

Software - LMS Test.Lab

Test types - Applications

Analysers

Engineering tools

Applications

Applications

Troubleshooting

Field measurements

Acoustic analysis

Structural dynamics

In-depth analysis

Examples

Examples

Sound level meter

FFT Analyser

Time recorder

D1: Run-up 2

M 1 7: 5:Exh aust:2:+Z : FFT (M 4) [g]

Exha ust:2

+Z

LMS Test.Lab

LMS TecWare

0 [s]

-20

dB/1[g]

-40

-60

-80

200

400

60 0
Fre quen cy [Hz]

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8 00

1000

Test types
LMS solutions
Analysers and time recording

Engineering tools

Quick and easy setup

Powerful online processing

Single sheet user interface

Advanced analysis options

Workflow guidance

Multiple disciplines

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LMS Test.Xpress

FFT Analyzer

Octave Analyzer

LMS Test.Xpress

Order Analyzer

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Recorder

LMS Test.Lab
Rotating Machinery

Reporting
Data Sharing
Data access

Acoustics

Structural

Environmental &
Durability

Rotating machinery testing

What is my critical
operational condition?

Which effects are engine

related?

How does my structure

respond?

Operational instrumentation

Order tracking

Operational deflection shapes

Engine run-up

Angle domain processing

Sound quality metrics

Colormap plotting

Torsional vibration analysis

Audio replay and filtering

Tracking on rpm or time

Acquire throughput data

Sound diagnosis

Acoustic testing
Do I meet quality objectives?

What material should I use to

reduce the levels?

Do I meet standards?

Acoustic Analyzer

Material & Component Testing

Sound Power & Pass-by Noise

SLM, Leq, Octave, Loudness, AI,..

absorption, transmission loss

in-tube, in-situ, in-room

Does it sound right?

Why is it annoying?

Where is the sound coming

from?

What is the root cause?

Source? Path?

Sound Quality

Sound Source Localization

Vibro-Acoustic Engineering

replay/filter, psycho-acoustic metrics,

objective & subjective evaluations

intensity beam forming

holography focalization

Transfer path Analysis

Acoustic Source Quantification
Vibro-acoustic modal analysis

Pressure & intensity based

In-room, in-vehicle, near track

dBA (Pa)
100

89
81

40

Structural testing
How can I excite my
structure?

What are the natural

frequencies?

Special cases?

Hammer impact testing

Time MDOF Approach

Operational modal analysis

Shaker testing

LMS Polymax

Operational deflection shapes

MIMO

Automatic modal parameter

selection

Environmental testing
Will my structure survive

How realistic is the test

schedule?

Special cases?

Vibration qualification

Mission Synthesis

Ground vibration testing

Closed loop control

Customer usage profile

Climatic chamber

Shock, Sine, Random

Avoid under/over testing

Combined modes and

automation

Generate a universal test

schedule

MIL-STD, GAM-EG13R

Thank you

Chiel Verhoeven