Академический Документы
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Normal
Relative velocity
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Friction
Normal
Relative velocity
N
Fr=f(N,V)
Fr=f(N,V)
N
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The correct way of writing the dry friction force
V
Fr N N Vˆ
V
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Problem 1
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Problem 1 y
P mg
sin 60 cos60 mg
0.866 0.125 0.72mg
cos 60 sin 60 cos 9 sin 9
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Problem 2
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Problem 2
y y
x x
mg mg
P cos N 0
P cos N 0
P sin mg f 0
P sin mg f 0
f N
f N
N P cos
N P cos
P sin mg N 0
P sin mg N 0
P sin mg P cos 0
P sin mg P cos 0
P sin cos mg
P sin cos mg
mg
mg P
P sin cos
sin cos
Hence
Hence
upward movement will not start before
downward movement will not start before
mg
mg P
P sin s cos
sin k cos
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Problem 3
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Problem 3
v
T N1
f1
m1g f1
N1 T
m2g f2
N2
T N1 0
N 1 m1 g 0
T N 1 , N 1 m1 g
T m1 g
T N1 N 2 P 0
N 2 N 1 m2 g 0
N 2 N 1 m 2 g 0 N 2 m1 m 2 g
T N1 N 2 P 0
m 1 g m1 g m1 m 2 g P 0
P 3 m1 g m 2 g
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Problem 3
v
0 N1
f1
m1g f1
N1 0
m2g f2
N2
T N 1 m1 a
Now T 0 N 1 m1 a
N 1 m1 g 0
N 1 m1 g
N1 N2 P 0
N 2 N 1 m2 g 0
N 2 N 1 m 2 g 0 N 2 m1 m2 g
N1 N2 P 0
m1 g m 1 m 2 g P 0
P 2 m1 g m2 g
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Additional Problems
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Toppling
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Slip or topple?
mg
f1 f2
N1 N2
P cos 30 N 1 N 2 0
P sin 30 N 1 N 2 mg 0
P cos 30 d mg d N 2 2d 0
P cos 30 N 1 N 2 N 1 N 2
P sin 30 N 1 N 2 mg
P cos 30 mg 2 N 2
P sin 30 N 1 N 2 mg P cos 30 mg
P sin 30 P cos 30 mg P sin 30 cos 30 mg
mg
P
sin 30 cos 30
0.5mg
P 0.448mg
0.25 0.866
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Slip or topple?
mg
f1 f2
N1 N2
P cos 30 f 2 0
P sin 30 N 2 mg 0
P cos 30 d P sin 30 2d mg d 0
P cos 30 f 2
P sin 30 N 2 mg
P cos 30 2P sin 30 mg 0
P cos 30 2 sin 30 mg
mg
P
cos 30 2 sin 30
mg
P 0.536mg
0.866 1
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Additional Problems
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Additional Problems
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Additional Problems
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Wedge
f=mN
P
N mg
P f cos N sin 0
f sin N cos mg 0
f N
mg
N sin N cos mg 0 N
sin cos
P N cos N sin 0
cos sin
P cos sin N mg
sin cos
P tan
mg tan 1
P tan tan
tan
mg tan tan 1
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A screw thread is a wedge
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A screw thread is a wedge
M=Pa
Q=Pa/r
= equivalent force
Q
N
f=mN
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A screw thread is a wedge
Q
N
q f=mN
Q f cos N sin 0
f sin N cos W 0
f N
W
N sin N cos W 0 N
sin cos
Q N cos N sin 0
cos sin
Q cos sin N W
sin cos
Q tan
W 1 tan Pa tan
Wr 1 tan
1 P
if tan
W
Screw locks
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A screw thread is a wedge
The
W
P
N
q f=mN
1 Pa
tan Screw locks
Wr
1 Wr
0
tan Pa
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A screw thread is a wedge
N
f=mN
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A screw thread is a wedge
N
q f
For no movement
f cos N sin 0
f sin N cos W 0
Self locking
f sin
N cos
sin
tan
cos
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Terminologies
Lead (L)
2pr
Pitch (p)
Lead L np
where
n=no. of parallely running threads = starts
L
tan =
2 r
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Turnbuckle
T1 T2
M tan
T2 T1 r 1 tan
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An improved screw jack
q
q
W
T
T T
T
2T cos q
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An improved screw jack
f
f
M=Pa
W=2T cos f
Pa cos sin
Wr sin cos
M cos sin
2Tr cos sin cos
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Worm gear
MG
M0/R
R N
M f
MG
M G WR W
R
Pa tan
Wr 1 tan
M tan
MG 1 tan
r
R
MR tan
M G r 1 tan
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Belt drives
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Belt drives
F x
0 T cos F T T cos 0
2 2
Fy 0 T sin 2 N T T sin 2 0
F s N
T cos F T T cos 0
2 2
T cos F T cos T cos 0
2 2 2
F T cos 0 T cos F s N
2 2
T sin N T T sin 0
2 2
T sin N T sin T sin 0
2 2 2
2T sin N T sin 0
2 2
2T sin N 0 2T sin N
2 2
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Belt drives
T cos s N
2
2T sin N
2
T cos 2T s sin
2 2
sin
1 T 2
cos s
2T 2
sin
1 T 2
Lim cos Lim
0 ,T 0 2T 2 0 ,T 0 s
1 dT
1 s
2T d 2
dT d
T s
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Belt drives
dT d
T s
T2
dT
s d T2
e s T2 e s T1
T T 10
T2
T1
lnT T1
s 0
Torque required to drive the pulley
lnT lnT2 1
s
T2 T1 e s 1 T1
ln T
2
T 1
s
T s
2 e
T
1
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Belt drives : Important points
T s
2 e
T
1
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Belt drives
A B
A B
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Belt drives
T2
T2
exp 2 ???
T1
A Always check
for mb value for
each pulley in a
system. The one
with the
T1
smallest mb
q
value will
determine the
Which expression is tensions.
correct???? Is T2>T1
Or T1>T2.
One pulley must slip. T2
Friction force is larger
for the larger pulley since
angle of wrap is larger.
Hence smaller pulley
B
slips and determines the
tension
T1 q
exp 2 ??? T1
T2
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Band brakes
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Band brakes
TB T1 T3
B
T1 T3
75 75T4
T2 T1 exp T1 exp 0.25
180 180 T2
T2 1.39T1
135 135
T3 T4 exp T4 exp 0.25
180 180
T4 0.55T3
M 0 T3 T4 T2 T1 R
Consider the pin B
F x
0 T1 cos 45 T3 cos 45 T1 T3
F y
0 T1 cos 45 T3 cos 45 TB 2T1 cos 45 TB 2T1 TB
T2 1.39T1 ,T3 T1 ,T4 0.55T1
Thus the largest tension is T2 5.6 T1 T3 4.03,T4 2.22,TB 5.7
M 0 5.6 2.22 R 3.38 0.16 0.54 KNm 540 Nm
Taking moments about D
50TB 250 P P 0.2TB 1.14KN
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