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SMCCV Project state of the art 130 bed hospital in Castro Valley, CA; a $320 million project
Integrated Project Delivery System integrates people, systems, business structures and practices into a
process that collaboratively harness the talents and insights of all participants to reduce waste and
optimize efficiency through all phases of design, fabrication and construction
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Tight collaboration between owners, A/Es, and builders from early design till project handover
Reasons to choose IPD for this project as project had many challenges that could not be met by using
traditional DBB process
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Many facilities required mandated seismic improvements IPD good way to reduce time delays
and budget overruns typically associated with large projects
Hard deadline for both design and construction
Accelerated schedule - 30% more than conventional
IPD Team consisting of people from all trades along with the owner and A/E was formed
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No GMP set for project from start, instead profit sharing model adopted to finish the project on
time and under budget; this profit sharing contract will be signed before the construction starts
Firms devoted full time employees to the project
State Regulatory Agency takes 16-24 months to review project after submission and provide
approval
o Will lead to delays
o So, team used phased review approach
Complicated shape of design and added schedule and budget constraints led to adoption of BIM model
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BIM model was created first and paper documents were done at later stages when required
BIM model used for quantity takeoff, estimation and fabrication as well
Real time access to project information by using Bentleys ProjectWise information management
and documentation control
o Allowed smooth flow of information without delay
o Allowed for direct inputs from fabricators to increase efficiency
Continuous design reviews done to allow cross functional teams to collaborate and contribute
their knowledge for better results
Solibri Model Checker used to check compliance with accessibility and ADA codes
Value Stream Mapping visual method of documenting workflow to identify value added and
nonvalue added components use data to maximize value, eliminate waste and save time by
streamlining workflows
Team meeting are important for IPD approach - regular meeting held bi-weekly people attend
the meeting physically or connected remotely (GoToMeeting) if unable to be physically present
o Model reviewed together questions and doubts that other discipline people have are
cleared by experts from particular discipline in question
o Problems can be detected and resolved almost immediately example is discussed
where minor structural changes in the model resulted in clashes with other
components, structural team was asked to join the meeting remotely and matter was
resolved in no time.
Advantages of IPD observed on the project
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VDC Scorecard measures project performance in 4 major areas: Planning, Adoption, Technology
and Performance
Areas are further broken into 10 Divisions, and under each Division there are 56 detailed
practice measurements in total
VDC Scorecard correlates VDC performance factors with case study based observations and
hypotheses
51 correlation pairs observed 6 VDC Scorecard Area-based correlations, and 45 VDC Scorecard
Division-based correlations Figure shows the various Areas, Divisions and Measures and
percentage weightage of each in the overall VDC Scorecard
Weighted Average Percentage of each VDC Area is taken to get the overall score
Interviews for data collection from 108 unique projects done; over 150 VDC Scorecards made
o Data collected from AEC projects from 13 countries in North America, Europe and Asia
and 15 states across USA
o Project delivery method also range from DBB to IPD and IFoA (Integrated Form of
Agreement) evaluated from pre-design phase to end of construction and O&M
VDC Scorecard Results Average Overall score = 50% ; Planning Average 50% ; Adoption
Average 56% ;Technology Average 48% ; Performance Average 47%
o Conventional Practices below 25% - 2 projects
o Typical Practices 25% to 50% - 49 projects
o Advanced Practices 50% to 75% - 52 projects
o Best Practices 75% to 90% - 5 projects
o Innovative Practices - >90% - 0 projects
Scores show that VDC is commonly used, but yet not adopted as a prominent
tool in AEC industry - Industrial and Healthcare industry scored more than other
industries stringent norms in these industries make VDC a good choice
Figure: VDC Areas, Divisions and Measures and percentage weightage of each in the overall VDC
Scorecard
Planning Area: Shared belief of VDC among stakeholders is good for implementation of VDC.
Formalized documentation of VDC objectives is first step of VDC collaboration and has
significant effect on the integrated performance of project teams; establishing quantitative
objectives contributes significantly to projects success. General VDC guidelines should be
developed which can also be adopted by future projects
Adoption Area: Early engagement of stakeholders and their role in decision making is important
for success of VDC. Frequent meeting should be scheduled to track efficiency and to resolve
issues; promote innovative communication and facilitation methods like Integrated Concurrent
Engineering (ICE) sessions. Incentives should be given to all stakeholders as a motivation to work
together for the overall benefit of project
Technology Area: Different levels of LOD should be established for different stages of the project
the amount of detail that is put in LOD should also be decided for every stage in such a way
that enough detail is available for each stakeholder to do their work in that stage. High
interoperability among the softwares used on a project should be encouraged to avoid time lost
in making information from one software to be useful in other software good interoperability
means data from one software can be imported to another and used readily.
Performance Area: set up targets for each performance category at the planning stage. Targets
can be broken down to milestones; constant track should be kept on them and performance
report created, readjustments can be done if required. Review of performance and outcomes
should be done on a regular basis weekly or more often
Case Study 1- Healthcare Project in California
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Had many challenges project team consisted of people from 10 firms located worldwide,
highly complex design of museum
Team collaborated to include VDC in planning phase with objectives which included better
communication, facility performance, safety and project quality
Had a separate consulting team for adoption of digital process it provided training and tutorial
on digital software to design division and developed innovative tools which were specifically
used in this project
Multidisciplinary collaboration achieved using cloud model management system effectively
organized and managed large amount of data
Finished BIM model contained data not only for construction, but also for O&M provide
maintenance routine for different components
86% projects agreed towards the value addition to the project by adoption of VDC
o Value addition in form of cost saving, short construction duration, more efficient and
sustainable design, less rework, clash detection and real-time problem solving, and
better collaboration and project delivery
Many AEC firms used VDC, but failed to track and monitor quantifiable metrics which are key
performance indicators. VDC needs systematic monitoring via quantifiable metrics which is one
of the shortcomings