An-Najah National

University

Civil Engineering Department
Mechanics Of Materials Lab (61208)
Report Grading Sheet
Instructor Name: Eng. Lama
Asmah & Eng Raya Noor
Academic Year: 2013/2014
Semester:2nd semester

Experiment # 11 : Toggle
Joint Test
Performed on: 10/4/2014
Submitted on:17/4/2014

Students:
1- Anas Qaddara
2- Jehad Kalbonh
Section

2-Ehab Ashor
4-

Projects Outcomes
ILO 1 =15%

ILO 2 =40%
ILO 3 =30%
Evaluation Criterion

ILO 4 =15%
Grade

Objective:
Sufficient, Clear and complete statement of objectives.
Theory
Presents sufficiently the theoretical basis.
Apparatus:
Apparatus
sufficiently
described
to
enable
another
experimenter to identify the equipment needed to conduct the
experiment.

1
1
0.5

Points

An-Najah National
University

Experimental Results and Calculations (data collected)
Results analyzed correctly. Experimental findings adequately
and specifically summarized, in graphical, tabular, and/or
written form.
Discussion and Conclusions
Crisp explanation of experimental results. Comparison of
theoretical predictions to experimental results, including
discussion of accuracy and error analysis in some cases.
Conclusions summarize the major findings from the
experimental results with adequate specificity.
Recommendations appropriate in light of conclusions. Correct
grammar.

2.5

References
Complete and consistent bibliographic information that would
enable the reader to find the reference of interest.
Sources of error:

.5

Appearance
Title page is complete, page numbers applied, content is well
organized, correct spelling, fonts are consistent, good visual
appeal.
Total

0.5

10

Objective: To find the horizontal force in the spring due to load using
equilibrium of forces .
To know how to use triangle of force .

Theory :-

Experimentally :

An-Najah National
University

G
Support ( A ) : A Y = 2

BY=

Support ( B ) :

FG
2

Theoretically:

F Y =0 BY =S1 . cos ( 2 )
S 1=

BY
FG
=

cos( ) 2cos
2
2

()

F x =0 F=S 1 . sin ( 2 )
F=

FG
2 cos

( 2 )

sin

FG

( 2 )= 2 tan ( 2 )

Graphically calculated values :

An-Najah National
University

FG
sin ( 180 )

S1
sin

( 2 )

S2
sin

( 2 )

Apparatus :

Toggle joint apparatus

Angle scale Spring

Pin Support

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University

Hunger and load

Experimental Results and Calculations (data

collected):
Angle
Error%
81
45
33.1
45.2
67.2
54%

Fs=

120
Exp
3
5
6.5
8.5
9

Thoy
1.38
3.4
4.9
6.5
7.2

Error%
17.6
16.9
36
31.5
87
35%

90
Exp
1.5
2
3
4
5

Thoy
0.9
1.8
2.7
3.5
4.3

FG

tan
2
2

()

when

FG =2

, = 60

2
60
Fs= tan
=0.51 N
2
2

( )

So ,
Error ( ) =

|F exp .F theo .|

|0.50.51|

F theo.

0.51

100 =

100 =1.96

Graphically calculated values :

Angle ( )

Error%
1.96
1.96
2
4
4.50
2.90%

Thoy
0.51
1.02
1.53
2.04
2.55

60
Exp
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5

An-Najah National
University

60
S1(N)

90

120

Graph.

Theo.

Graph.

Theo.

Graph.

Theo.

0.95

1.154

1.32

1.32

2.00

1.70

1.91

2.24

2.63

2.63

4.00

3.40

2.86

3.37

3.95

3.95

6.00

5.10

3.82

4.49

5.26

5.26

8.00

6.80

10

4.77

5.61

6.58

6.58

10.00

8.51

FG

(N)

1st Angle :60 deg

Calculations :
As we explain in theory ,
S 1=

FG
2 cos

( 2 )

FG
=
sin ( 180 )

when
S 1=

[ Theoritacally ]

S1
sin

( 2 )

FG =2
2

60
2 cos
2

( )

[ Graphically ]

, = 60
=1.154 N
[ Theoritacally ]

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University

2
=
sin ( 18060 )

S1
60
sin
2

( )

S1=0.95 N

[ Graphically ]

2ND Angle 90 deg

Calculations :
FG

S 1=

2 cos

( 2 )

FG
=
sin ( 180 )

when

FG =2
S 1=

[ Theoritacally ]

S1
sin

( 2 )

[ Graphically ]

, = 90
2

90
2 cos
2

( )

=1.414 N

2
=
sin ( 18090 )

3rd Angle 120 deg

[ Theoritacally ]

S1
90
sin
2

( )

S1 =1.414 N

[ Graphically ]

An-Najah National
University

Calculations :

FG

S 1=

2 cos

( 2 )

FG
sin ( 180 )

when

[ Theoritacally ]

S1

sin

FG =2
S 1=

( 2 )

[ Graphically ]

, = 120

2
120
2 cos
2

( )

=2 N

2
=
(
sin 180120 )

[ Theoritacally ]

S1
120
sin
2

( )

S 1=2 N

[ Graphically ]

Discussion and Conclusions :

This experiment aims to find the horizontal force in the spring
due to load using equilibrium of forces and to know how to use
triangle of force .
By applying equilibrium equation at joint (B) ,we find that the
force in spring can be calculate by this formula

F=

FG

tan
2
2

()

we take many reading at different angels , and calculate the

theoretical value and experimental , then we find the error , but
the error is very large according some source of error , percent
of error is large than 15 % , so the device need to calibration .

An-Najah National
University

To obtain the second purpose we find the value of force in arms
( S 1=S2 ) graphically by triangle

theoretically by formula

S 1=

FG
=
sin ( 180 )

S1
sin

( 2 )

S2

sin

( 2 )

and

FG
2 cos

( 2 )

Recommendation:
We recommend to maintain the device , and take care when
reading the mesurments to get accurecy results .

References :
The reference in these experiment : Eng. Raya and
Manual book
And information within website .

Sources of error :
Human error :
Error in Set the device to the required angle .
Error in taking the measurements .
Friction between roller support and adjuster .

Wear in spring