LARSEN & TOUBRO LIMITED

ECC Division - EDRC (Electrical)

PROJECT: 33/11kV S/S for Al Ain

REF NO:

G1409--RL7830J350A

PREPARED

CHECKED

APPROVED

SKA

AKS

KR

TITLE:

EARTHING DESIGN CALCULATION FOR

S/S -CONDUCTOR SIZING - DAHIR
THIS DESIGN IS GENERALLY BASED ON IEEE 80 - 2000
AREA OF CROSS SECTION

PAGE 02 OF 06
DATE
21-02-2016

S = I x SQRT(t) / k
S = AREA OF CONDUCTOR IN Sq.mm
I = EARTH FAULT CURRENT IN AMPS
t = EARTH FAULT CLEARING TIME IN secs.
k = SQRT(( Qc x (B+20)/delta20) x ln ( 1+ (Qf-Qi)/(B+Qi)))
Qc = Volumetric Heat capacity of conductor ( J / oC mm3 )
B = Reciprocal of Temp.Coefft. of Resistivity ( oC )
delta20 = Electrical Resistivity of conductor at 20 oC ( Ohm.mm )
Qi = Initial Temperature of Conductor ( oC )
Qf = Final Temperature of Conductor ( oC )
I=

31500 amps

t=
Qc =

1 sec
0.00345 J / C mm3

B=
delta20 =

234.5 C
0.000020 Ohm.mm

Qi =

40 C

Qf =

700 C

k=
=
S=
=

{ Data for copper conductor }

SQRT( (0.00345x (234.5 + 20) /0.00002) x ln ( 1+ ((700-40 ) / (235 +40) ) )

231.909
31500 x SQRT (1.0) / 231.909
135.83
Sq.mm

Corrosion allowance considered for the conductor in percentage =

Minimum area of cross-section required =
### Sq.mm
Hence conductor size selected is,
300 Sq.mm
CONDUCTOR SIZE CHOSEN IS

50 x 6

Copper Flat

10 %
(Which is the minimum size specified in the specification)

LARSEN & TOUBRO LIMITED

ECC Division - EDRC (Electrical)

PROJECT: 33/11kV S/S for Al Ain

REF NO:

EARTHING DESIGN CALCULATION FOR

S/S - DAHIR
CALCULATIONS ARE BASED ON IEEE 80 - 2000.
DESIGN DATA
System Voltage
=

CHECKED

APPROVED

SKA

AKS

KR

TITLE:

Soil Resistivity p

9.32 Ohm.m

Top Layer resistivity ps

2000 Ohm.m

Max. Earth Fault Current (I)

23625 AMPS

Conductor Size

50 x 6 Copper Flat

SOLID

Equivalent diameter

0.0195 m

Length of Substation

40 m

Breadth of Substation

40 m

No: of grids in X direction

10

No: of grids in Y direction

10

10

Spacing of conductors D

4.5 m

Total length of conductors Lc

#VALUE! m

Area of Grid

#VALUE! sq.m

Depth of burial

Ag
h

Depth of Top Layer

hs

0.5 m

0.08 m

Total No of electrodes m

15 Nos

Length of electrode

3 m

Total length of electrodes Lr

45 m

Diameter of electrodes d1

20 mm

Duration of Fault Current ts

1 sec

PAGE 03 OF 06
DATE
21-02-2016

33 kV

System Grounding

Equivalent Number of grids

G1409--RL7830J350A

PREPARED

(Actual value of resistivity of crushed rock

shall be used after measurements)
(Current division factor 0.75 as per specification)

Equivalent area for cond.laying = 57x46 - 38x27

(Grid is extended by 0.5m on both sides)
Equivalent side = Sqrt (57x46 - 38x27) = 40m

i.e. SQRT(10 * 10)

(As per specification)

(As per specification)

LARSEN & TOUBRO LIMITED

ECC Division - EDRC (Electrical)

PROJECT: 33/11kV S/S for Al Ain

TITLE:

EARTHING DESIGN CALCULATION FOR

S/S - DAHIR
Tolerable Touch Potential
Etouch = ( 1000 + 1.5 * Cs * ps ) * 0.116 / SQRT(ts)
Cs
a

REF NO:

G1409--RL7830J350A

PREPARED

CHECKED

APPROVED

SKA

AKS

KR

PAGE 04 OF 06
DATE
21-02-2016

(BASED ON IEEE 80 - 2000 CHAPTER 8)

For body weight of 50 kg

=
=

1 - a * { ( 1- p/ps) / ( 2 * hs + a) }
Refer page 41 IEEE 80 - 1986
0.106 m
1 - 0.106*{( 1 - 9 / 2000 ) / ( 2 * 0.08 + 0.106 ) }
Cs = 0.6034
Etouch = (1000 + 1.5 * 0.6034 * 2000 ) * 0.116 / SQRT( 1.0 )
=
325.97 Volts
Tolerable Step Potential
(BASED ON IEEE 80 - 2000 CHAPTER 8)
Estep = ( 1000 + 6.0 *Cs * ps ) * 0.116 / SQRT(ts)
For body weight of 50 kg
Estep = (1000 + 6.0 * 0.6034 * 2000 ) * 0.116 / SQRT( 1.0 )
=
955.88 Volts
Mesh Potential Attainable
(BASED ON IEEE 80 - 2000 CHAPTER 16)
Emesh = ( p * Km * Ki * I ) / ( Lc + 1.15 * Lr )
Km

Kii

1/ (2 * ) * { ln[ D^2 /(16 * h * d)+ (D + 2h ) ^2 / (8* D * d) - h / (4 * d) ]

+ Kii / Kh ln[8 / ( * (2 * n-1) ) ] }
1.00
for grids with ground rods in perimeter

Kh
ho
Kh

=
=
=

SQRT ( 1+ h/ho)
1.00 m
( reference depth of grid)
SQRT( 1 + 0.500 / 1.0 ) =
1.2247

Km =

1/ (2 * 22/7) * { ln [ 4.5^2/ (16 * 0.500 * 0.02 ) + (4.5 + 2 * 0.500 ) ^2 /( 8 * 4.5 * 0.02) - 0.500/ ( 4 * 0.02) ]
+ 1.00 / 1.2247 * ln [ 8 / (22/7 * (2 * 10.00 - 1 ) ) ] }
= 0.5523
Ki = 0.644 + 0.148 * n
=
0.644 + 0.148 *10
= 2.1240
Emesh = #VALUE!
= #VALUE! Volts
Step Potential Attainable
(BASED ON IEEE 80 - 2000 CHAPTER 16)
Estep =

( p * Ks * Ki * I ) / ( Lc + 1.15xLr )

Ks

1 / * { 1 / (2 * h) + 1 / (D + h) + 1 / D * (1- 0.5^(n-2) ) }

n
Ks

= 10
(Higher of the no.of grids in X & Y direction)
= ( 1 / 22/7 ) * { 1 / (2 * 0.500 ) + 1 / ( 4.5 + 0.500 ) + 1 / 4.5 * ( 1 - 0.5^(10 - 2 ) }
= 0.4522
Estep =
#VALUE!
=
#VALUE! Volts

LARSEN & TOUBRO LIMITED

ECC Division - EDRC (Electrical)

PROJECT: 33/11kV S/S for Al Ain

TITLE:

EARTHING DESIGN CALCULATION FOR

S/S - DAHIR

REF NO:
PREPARED

CHECKED

SKA

AKS

Comparison of Tolerable Etouch & Estep and Attainable Emesh & Estep
Tolerable Etouch =

325.97 Volts

Tolerable Estep =

955.88 Volts

Attainable Emesh =

#VALUE! Volts

Attainable Estep =

#VALUE! Volts

G1409--RL7830J350A

Since Attainable Emesh is less than Tolerable Etouch and

Attainable Estep is less than Tolerable Estep, the design is safe.

PAGE 05 OF 06
APPROVED
DATE
21-02-2016
KR

LARSEN & TOUBRO LIMITED

ECC Division - EDRC (Electrical)

PROJECT: 33/11kV S/S for Al Ain

TITLE:

EARTHING DESIGN CALCULATION FOR

S/S - DAHIR
CACULATION OF GROUNDING RESISTANCE

REF NO:

G1409--RL7830J350A

PREPARED

CHECKED

APPROVED

SKA

AKS

KR

PAGE 06 OF 06
DATE
21-02-2016

BASED ON IEEE 80-2000 CHAPTER 14

RESISTANCE OF GROUND RODS
Re

p / (2 * m * * l ) * [ln (8 * l / d) - 1 + 2 * K1 * l / SQRT(A) * (SQRT(m)-1)^2 ]

K1 =
Re =

1.37
Refer Fig 25A page 67 IEEE 80 - 2000
9 / (2 * 15 * 22/7 * 3 ) * [ ln (8 * 3 / 20 / 1000 )) - 1 + 2 * 1.37 *
#VALUE!
=
#VALUE!
Ohms
RESISTANCE OF GROUND GRID
p / ( * Lc) * [ ln (2 * Lc / h') + K1 *( Lc / SQRT(A)) - K2 ]
Rs =
K1

1.37

K2 =
h'
=

5.7
Refer Fig 25B page 67 IEEE 80 - 2000
SQRT(d * h)
=
SQRT(0.02 * 0.50)
=
0.0988
Rs =
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
=
#VALUE!
Ohms
MUTUAL RESISTANCE BETWEEN GROUND GRID AND GROUND RODS
p /( * Lc) * [ln (2 * Lc / l) + K1 * (Lc / SQRT(A)) - K2 + 1]
Rse =
K1

K2 =
Rse =

1.37
5.7
#VALUE!
#VALUE!

=
#VALUE!
Ohms
COMBINED RESISTANCE OF GROUND GRID AND GROUND RODS
Rg =
Rg =
=

(Re * Rs - Rse^2 ) / ( Re + Rs - 2 * Rse)

#VALUE!
#VALUE!
Ohms

CONCLUSION
Hence the design adopted meets the specification requirement with respect to
i) STEP & TOUCH POTENTIAL
ii) COMBINED RESISTANCE OF GRID & GROUND RODS < 1.0 OHM
NOTE
The conductors shall be uniformly distributed in area of 57m x 46m (Extended on both sides by 0.5M) leaving
the space for building area of 38m x 27m.
i.e. Earth mat conductor as per above calculation shall be laid in s/s around the building adopting the calculated
spacing.