ESc201A : Introduction to Electronics

ESc201A:IntroductiontoElectronics

OperationalAmplifier
Part3

Dr. M. J. Akhtar
Dept. of Electrical Engineering
IIT Kanpur
16/03/2015

Twoimportantpropertyforanalyzingidealopampcircuits
under negative feedback
undernegativefeedback
i1

+12V

v1

vo

v2
i2

-12V

1. v1 v2
2 i1 i2 0
2.

At the
th input
i
t side
id opamp appears to
t be
b like
lik a short
h t and
d an open
circuit simultaneously !

Thispropertydoesnotholdundercertainconditionssuchas
openloop,
positivefeedback
oriftheopampissaturated.
if th
i t t d
16/03/2015

Integrator

vs / R
C

vs / R
+VCC
VS
R

VO

-VCC

vS
dVO
1
C
VO (t )
vS dt

R
dt
RC
16/03/2015

dvS
C
dt

Differentiator

dvS
C
dt

+VCC

VS
VO

-VCC

VO
d S
dv
dv
d S

C
VO (t ) RC
R
dt
dt
16/03/2015

Log Amplifier

vs / R

I I S (e

vs / R
+VCC
VS
R

vS
I S (e
R

V
V

VO
VT

VO
VT

1))

1)

VO

-VCC

vS
1 e
IS R

vS
vS
(
) VT ln((
)
VO VT ln(1
RI S
RI S

16/03/2015

Temperature Sensor ?
D

+V
VCC
VS
R

VO

VS
k BT
VO VT ln(
); VT
RI S
q

-VCC

But IS is a function of temperature as well.

D

+VCC
VS
R2

VO

VS
VO VT ln(
)
R2 I S

-VCC
16/03/2015

VO1

+VCC
VS

R1

VS
VT ln(
l (
)
R1 I S
Rf

VO1
-VCC

R
VO

R
Rf

+VCC
VS
R2
-VCC

VO 2
VO

VO

VO2

Rf
R

16/03/2015

V02 V01

Rf
R

V01 (1

Rf
R

Rf
Rf R

VS
VT ln(
l (
)
R2 I S

VS
VS
VO
VT ln(
) ln(
)
R
R2 I S
R1 I S

Rf

V02

+VCC
VS

VS
R2 I S

VO
VT ln
R
R1 I S VS
Rf

R1

VO1 VT ln(

VS
)
R1 I S

Rf

VO1
-VCC

R
VO

R
Rf

+VCC
VS
R2

Rf

VO2
-VCC

VO 2

VS
VT ln(
)
R2 I S

R2
VO
VT ln( )
R
R1
VT

k BT
q

Output
16/03/2015 voltage is directly proportional to temperature8

AntiLog Amplifier

V
V

I I s (e

I I s (e

V
V

1))

1)

+V
VCC

VS
VO

-V
VCC

VS
VT

VO

I S (e 1)
R

VO RI S (e 1) RI S e
16/03/2015

VS
VT

VS
VT
9

Multiplier

VO1

VX

VOX VT ln(

+VCC
R

VOX

VX
VY
) ln(
))
VT (ln(
RI S
RI S

VX
)
RI S

VO1

VX VY
VT ln( 2 2 )
R IS
R

-VCC
R

+VCC

VO1

VY

VO

VO1 VOX VOY

+VCC
R

VOY
-VCC

VOY

VY
VT ln(
)
RI S

VO RI S e
16/03/2015

-VCC

VO1
VT

VX VY

RI S

10

Difference Amplifier

R3
Rf
R2
vo vs 2
(1
)
R3
R1
(1 )
R2

Rf

RIN = R1
R1
VO
VS1
VS2

R2
R3

R3 R f

Choose
R2 R1

vo

Rf
R1

)vs1

Rf
R1

(vs 2 vs1 )

Need to be checked input resistance

A drawback is that input resistance is relatively Lower

To change gain, we have to change two resistors and a slight
mismatch
i
t h can d
drastically
ti ll reduce
d
common mode
d rejection
j ti ratio
ti
16/03/2015

11

Instrumentation Amplifier

vo1 vs1 i R2

VS1
A1

vs1

R2

i (vs1 vs 2 ) / R1

R1

R3

VS2

A3

R2

i
vS 2

R4

R3

A2

R4

VO

R4
vo (vo 2 vo1 )
R3

vo 2 vs 2 i R2

R4
R
vo (vs 2 iR2 vs1 iR2 ) vo 4 (vs 2 vs1 2 R2 (vs1 vs 2 ) / R1)
R3
R3
R4
vo (vs 2 vs1 2iR2 )
R
16/03/20153

R4
R2
vo vs 2 vs1 (1 2 )
R3
R1 12

Instrumentation Amplifier

vo1 vs1 i R2

VS1
A1

vs1

R2

i (vs1 vs 2 ) / R1

R1

R3

VS2

A3

R2

i
vS 2

R4

R3

R4

A2

vo 2 vs 2 i R2

R4
2 R2
vo (1
) (vs 2 vS1 )
R3
R1

Very high input Resistance

Can change one resistor R1 and change gain

16/03/2015

VO

13