Академический Документы
Профессиональный Документы
Культура Документы
This
final
internship
INTERSHIP REPORT
Executive summary
report included brief history
of
the
company,
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1BACKGROUND
Bahir Dar Textile Share Company is vertically integrated textile company,
manufacturing 100% cotton products including yarns and fabrics. It was
established in 1954 E.C from the fund of Italian war reparation in the town of
Bahir Dar, north south of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. When the company was
established, there were 563 Ethiopian employees of which 360 males and
203 females. The initial capacity of the mills was 20,000 spindles, 360 looms
together with processing plant with the total output of 10 million meter
squire fabric per year. The legal shape of the company was given in May,
1954. When the company was registered as public corporation, in the name
of Bahir Dar textile mills Share Company with a capital of Eth. Birr 9,649,600.
As of September 1990, the factory changed from a public enterprise to share
company and it was financially restructured. The name of the Company is
again Bahir Dar textile share Company and its capital amount at present was
56,808,379 Eth. Birr. After the leased period, the companys management
made viable two things: structural adjustment and expansion and renovation
project, worth of more than 500million Eth Birr. Most of the existing old
machineries such as spinning, weaving and finishing were replaced by the
integrated Draw Frame (IDF) in spinning, the automatic Drawing-in machine
and the Air-Jet looms in the Weaving Section, and the garment factory.
Mission
Producing quality products of fabrics & yarns and being low cost
provider, to be
and profitable.
By Satisfying customer needs, contribute foreign currency for the
country.
Vision
The Business vision of the Company is to see being competitive in the
domestic and export markets in quality & low cost providing of textile
products.
Objective of the company
The main objectives of the factory are:
To
To
To
To
Organizational structure
Responsibility
General manager
QCQA
Pain service
Law service
Production manager
Human resource
Finance Dep`t
Marketing studying
Technical manager
Workshop
of the core decision making team. Internal and external stakeholders may
have different interests and priorities, possibly leading to conflicts of interest.
The owner of BDTSC is Ethiopian government itself and takes about 99% of
the total share; therefore the key stake holders of BDTSC are owners and
customers who are the most responsible person in the Company.
1.5Production process of the company
Products
Bed sheeting_ local and export(dyed and printed)
Abu Jedi
kuta
yarn on hank
Customer or end user of product
The company supplies its products to the local and export markets. The
company produces many products which having different quality parameters
based on the customer needs. Some of the main customers of BDTSC are:
GINAD PLC
FKM PLC
Addis Fana PLC
Sayat PLC
Ambasel Trading House
Maturity
Fineness
Trash content
Reliability
Serviceability
Durability
Conformance
A) Sizing Ingredients
Sizing ingredient materials are used for sizing process in weaving section of the company is:
PVA
Maize
Arabic gum
B) Chemicals
BDTSC uses many chemical products for finishing process in the production section. Some of the
chemicals ingredients used for finishing process are:
C) Spear parts
The factory purchases many industrial spear parts for production machinery in spinning,
weaving and finishing sections. Thus are;
Chapter 2
Overall Internship Experience
2.1 Objective of the Internship
Internships will provide students with an in-depth knowledge of the formal functional
To apply what was learned during coursework (skill development and professionalism) to
the working world.
weaving , finishing and Garment sections. These sections have their own
different machines which perform different tasks in the production process of
factory.
is a place where bale cotton is stored, thus a packed of cotton will putted
under there sequence of coming from the supplier company.
Blow room section
Blow room is the starting of the spinning operation where the fiber is opened,
cleaned, mixed and evened. The basic blow room operations are;
1) Unifloc machine
The function of unifloc machine is to processes the fiber material gently and efficiently in to micro
tufts, from which imports can be removed especially readily in the subsequent process. It is also
used to open and feed the cotton fiber and transport in to next process.
It separates the frightening the light cotton with the seed of other heavy particles
Machine is pneumatically
3) Unicleaner Machine
Used to separate the tidy or useful part of cotton from waste part
It detects the color of cotton other than white color, this machine detects and separates it
from the white cotton and drops it as wastage then it stored in waste accumulator.
This system is based on camera or electro-optical sensor technology.
5) Unimixer Machine
6) Unistore Machine
an efficient deducting.
It stores the mixed cotton for reserve during interruption of taking cotton b unifloc and transfer to
carding as compensation to avoid any work gap between machines.
8) Unicontrol machine
This machine uses the uncommand which works on an electronic basis, and is a combination of
Unicontrol machine is used to control every activity of blow room in the spinning section. PLCs
and PCS with a central controlling unit. This machine shows the statues of blow room machine, an
operator can able to control all an activity in the blow room.
Carding Section
Carding is a mechanical processing that disentangles, cleans and intermixes fiber to produce a
continuous web or silver suitable for subsequent process. In carding machines laps are feed and
slivers are received as an end product in cans or boxes.
Mixing
Opening
Sliver Formation
Elimination of impurities and dust
In BDTSC carding section there are two machines for carding fiber this are draw frame machine
and integrated draw frame machines (IDF).
c) Blending
d) Dusting removal
Drawing Section
Drawing is a process in which different slivers are combined together to produce single sliver.
Normally 8 slivers are fed behind one drawing machine and get an end product in form of single
sliver in cans or boxes, which has the same weight as of single sliver. The purpose of doing this is
that to create uniformity and average out the weight of each sliver. This process is also called 8/8
process. Drawing section consists of two sub-sections:
i) Breaker Drawing:
During this process 8 silver produced by carding machine are parallelized to produce one silver.
Roving machine
Roving machine is an intermediate machine that is used between the draw frame and ring frame.
The main purpose of this machine is to produce the roving package for the ring frame. Roving
machine where the silver is subjected to one or more attenuated process and the attenuated sliver
receive a small amount of twist and is then wound on bobbins suitable for creeling at next process.
Ring machine
Winding machine
Winding is the most important operation, which is the creation of large yarn
package that can be easily unwound. The yarn unwound from package
passes through yarn tensioned and control system, and with the help of a
grooved cylinder, is wound evenly around the package; the yarn enters the
recess in the cylinder, thus rotary movement of the cylinder corresponds to
the translation of the yarn.
Warping process
purpose Warping is the parallel winding of yarn from cone or cheese package on to a warp beam.
This is the process of changing the winding yarn from small size of individual cones to the bigger
cylindrical size roller. This makes suitable for looming and sizing up.
Objective of warping
Creel
Pressure rollers
Beams
In warping, the yarns are withdrawn from the single-end yarn packages on the creel & directly
wound on a beam. During the warping process the yarns may broke out at this instant an electrical
sensor detects the problem and send an electrical signal to control part of the Ramallumin
Leganano Italy warping machine then operator resolve the problem.
Sizing machine
It is the process of improving the strength of the yarn by passing through hot
solution of starch. This provides suitable for looming machine.
Looming process
After the required number of warp yarns in the fabrics wound onto the weavers beam, the warp
beam ends are then passed through the drop wires, the heddles of the harness frames and the dent
of the reed. This achieved by drawing or tying in the choice depending up on whether or not the
new warp is different and from the warp already on the loom.
Somet weaving
machine
Controlled manually
It is more economical
It less economical It is
more economical
Less quality
production
Table : difference between air jet picanol & somet weaving machine
Dyeing machine
In textile finishing processes, after pretreatment the dyeing processes is takes place it is the
processes of shading the fabric by using dyes.
Ground/Lighter Shade
This process is done by applying color, binder and soap which shades the fabric lighter.
creasing. It has two main rollers which revolve on smooth bearings and are attached to with a
suitable driving mechanism, which can be reversed when required. The fabric is wound on one of
the main rollers and fed from the other.
Some critical problems related to the conventional jigger dyeing machines are:
Stenter Machine
A machine or apparatus for stretching or stenting fabrics. The purpose of Stenter machine is to
bringing the length and width to pre determine dimensions and also for heat setting and its used
for applying finishing chemicals and also shade variation is adjusted.
Printing Machine
In BDTSC printing machine uses a cylindrical screen that rotates in a fixed position rather than a
flat screen that is raised and lowered over the same printing location so its named Zimmer rotary
printing machine. In rotary printing, the fabric travels at a consistent speed between the screen and
a rubber impression roller immediately below the screen. The impression roller serves the same
function as the press bed on a flatbed press. As the fabric passes through the rotary unit, the screen
spins at a rate that identically matches the speed of substrate movement. The squeegee on the
rotary press is in a fixed position with its edge making contact the inside surface of the screen
precisely at the point where the screen, substrate, and impression roller come together. Ink is
automatically fed into the center of the screen and collects in a wedge-shaped well formed by the
loading side of the squeegee and the screens interior surface.
Calendaring Machine
It is the modification of the surface of the fabric by the action of heat and pressure. It takes stem as
a source, and then this stem is connected with different cylindrical rollers. After that the rollers
become hot enough, allow the fabric to pass through these rollers.
A digital electronic device that uses a programmable memory to store instruction and to
implements specific functions such as logic, sequence, timing, counting and arithmetic to
control machine and process.
Its uses a programmable memory to store the instruction and specific function that include
on/off control and timing counting.
Advantage of PLC
Faster response
More flexibility
Increased reliability
Easier to troubleshooting
Input/output (I/O)
Power Supply
Programming Device
b) Power supply
Power supply unit of the PLC system provides the voltage needed to run the primary PLC
components. The power supply supplies DC power to the internal circuitry of CPU and other
modules that plug into the rack. For large PLC systems, this power supply does not normally supply
power to the field devices. With larger systems, power to field devices is provided by external
alternating current (AC) or direct current (DC) supplies
C) Processor
The processor module contains the PLC microprocessor, its supporting circuitry, and its main
memory system. The main function of the microprocessor is to analyze data coming from field
sensor through the input module, makes decisions based on the user defined control program and
return signal back through output module to field device.
d) Programming device
This device is used to provide to enter the desired program that will determine the sequence of
operation and control of process equipment or driven machine.
PLC operation
A Typically PLC system operates on by reading all field devices via the input interface, execute the
user program stored in application memory, then based on whatever control scheme has been
programmed by the user, turn the field output devices on or off, or perform whatever control is
necessary for the process application. Basics of a PLC function are continual scanning of a
program. The scanning process involves three basic steps.
2.3.4.2 Contactor
Contactor is having only one position of rest, operated electromechanically and capable of making,
carrying and breaking currents under normal circuit conditions, including overload operations. A
contactor does not provide overload protection. Contactors are used to electrically turn on or off
high current, non-motor loads or in motor loads where overload protection is separately provided.
The contactor operates by applying a control voltage to the contactor coil. When the coil is
energized, the moveable contacts are closed against the stationary contacts, thus completing a
circuit (when the load is wired to Normally Open contacts), or breaking a circuit (when the load is
wired Normally Closed contacts).
Components of Contactor
A contactor has three components. These are: power contacts
auxiliary contacts
contact springs
2.3.4.5 Inverter
An inverter is a motor control element that adjusts the speed of an AC induction motor. It does this by
varying the frequency of the AC power to the motor. An inverter also adjusts the voltage to the motor. Most
inverters do their job by performing two main functions: first they convert the incoming DC into AC, and
then they step up the resulting AC to mains voltage level using a transformer. The goal of the designer is to
have the inverter perform these functions as efficiently as possible, so that as much as possible of the energy
drawn from the battery or solar panel is converted into mains voltage AC, and as little as possible is wasted
as heat.
2.3.4.6 Rectifier
A Rectifier is an electrical device that converts alternating current (AC), which periodically reverses
direction, to direct current (DC), which flows in only one direction. The process is known as rectification.
Physically, rectifiers take a number of forms, including semiconductor diodes, silicon-controlled rectifiers
and other silicon-based semiconductor switches. Rectifiers have many uses, but are often found serving as
components of DC power supplies and highvoltage direct current power transmission systems. Because of
the alternating nature of the input AC sine wave, the process of rectification alone produces a DC current
that, though unidirectional, consists of pulses of current. Rectifiers are used in various devices, include:
DC power supplies
A source of power instead of generating current
High-voltage direct current power transmission systems
2.3.4.8 Transformer
The transformer used on the control system is normally step-down transformers. They are used to step the
voltage down from the line voltage to the control circuit voltage. Used in this way, the transformer is called a
control power transformer or CPT.
2.3.4.9 Sensor
A sensor is a device that measures a particular characteristic of an object or system. It is also a device that
detects and responds to some type of input from the physical environment. The specific input could be light,
heat, motion, moisture, pressure, or any one of a great number of other environmental phenomena. The
output is generally a signal that is converted to human-readable display at the sensor
location or transmitted electronically over a network for reading or further processing. Some sensors are
purely mechanical, but most sensors are electronic, returning a voltage signal that can be converted into a
useful engineering unit. Sensors take advantage of the mechanical or electrical response of its components
to relate the response to a relevant quantity.
2) Optical Sensor
Optical sensors use principles of light to quantify object characteristics. The most
common optical sensor is the electric eye, which uses a beam of light to detect the
presence of an object. Photo detectors and motion detectors act as switches to turn
lighting systems on and off. It has advantages with regard to visual appearance of
the yarn. One dimensional sensor comes to very close to observation of human eye;
whereas, two dimensional Optical sensor offers advantages for the determination of
the roundness and the density of the Yarn.
3) Chemical Sensor
Chemical sensor measures the presence and quantity of a specific chemical in an environment. Some
chemical sensors include radon and carbon monoxide detectors, automobile oxygen sensors and pH sensors.
Some chemical sensors are designed to detect a specific compound or ion for specialized testing operations.
It is applicable in bleaching machine, printing machine for adding of dyeing chemicals.
4) Temperature Sensor
Temperature sensor simply reports the temperature of a part or environment. The most common type of
temperature sensor is the thermocouple, which relies on voltage changes based on dissimilar metal
junctions. Thermocouples are available for a wide range of temperatures, from ambient environmental
temperatures through high temperature environments, such as jet engines.
5) Mechanical Sensor
Mechanical sensor measure the change in a mechanical property of an object or system. The primary
mechanical sensor is the strain gauge, which forms the basis of several different types of mechanical sensors.
A strain gauge is a variable resistor that measures the amount of deformation that a part endures when it is
affected by a force.
6) Photoelectric sensor
Photoelectric sensor feature long sensing ranges because they detect objects using light projected over great
distances relative to other types of presence sensors. These sensors are applicable in foreign matter detector
machine, Unimixer machine, warping machine, printing machine and Inspection machine.
7) Position sensor
Position sensor measure linear or angular position in reference to a fixed point or arbitrary reference. They
can be used to measure distance or displacement (change in position) or simply to detect the presence or
absence of an object (proximity sensors). It is applicable in Stenter machine and printing machine, IDF, and
drawing machine.
8) IQ plus sensor
Which is integrated to electrical board, interconnected at the bottom side and it indicates light when there is
waste on it or the yarn is cut, the machine senses it. It is applicable in open ending machine.
dependent on the frequency of the electrical source and the number of windings, or poles, in the stator.
Three-phase AC induction motor are widely used in many fields. They are classified in two
categories:
Squirrel cage motor
Wound-rotor motor
Specifications of Motor
The main specifications of a three phase induction motor for designing purposes are:
1. Rated output in H.P or K.W
6. Speed
2. Frequency
7. Type
3. Voltage
8. Power factor
4. Connection
9. Torque
5. Current
1) Enclosure
i. Holds parts together.
ii. Helps with heat dissipation.
2) Stator (Windings)
i. Stationary part of the motor sometimes referred to as the windings.
ii. Slotted cores made of thin sections of soft iron are wound with insulated copper wire to form one or
more pairs of magnetic poles.
3) Rotor
i. Rotating part of the motor.
ii. Magnetic field from the stator induces an opposing magnetic field onto the rotor causing the
rotor to push away from the stator field.
4) Bearings
a) Sleeve Bearings
b) Ball (Roller)
Bearings
6) Eye Bolt: Used to lift heavy motors with a hoist or crane to prevent motor damage.
2.3.9 Induction Motor Controller
A motor controller is the actual device that energizes and de-energizes the circuit to
the motor so that it can start and stop. Motor controllers may include some or all of
the following motor control functions:
starting, stopping, over-current protection, overload protection, reversing,
speed changing, jogging, plugging, sequence control, and pilot light
indication.
Controllers range from simple to complex and can provide control for one
motor, group of motors, or auxiliary equipment such as brakes, clutches,
solenoids, heaters, or other signals.
There are different types of three phase motor controlling methods. These are:
1. Manual motor Control: Control is considered to be manually operated when
someone must initiate an action in order for the circuit to operate. Someone might
have to flip the switch of a manual Starter to start and stop a motor.
2. Automatic motor Operation/Magnetic motor controller: While manual
operation of machines is still common practice, many machines are started and
stopped automatically.
3. Combined operation: There is a combination of manual and automatic control.
A process may have to be started manually, but may be stopped automatically.
For the first challenge, we were tried to communicate smoothly and stay
more time with them, through a time we create friendship with them and tell
what we want .
For the second challenge, we were tried to communicate with our advisor and
operators of each section, so we were able to solve problems and getting
information easily.
For third challenge, we used high sound protection devices like cotton and
head phones to protect us from hearing loss.
Chapter 3
Benefits Gained from the Internship
The operation of different electric devices like transformer, cont actor, and
generator
We have seen the real practical world and understood the work flow and interaction
between different levels of the organization. We saw the procedures and ways of
experiment tests for the quality control and assurance and we are also work as an
operator in each section measures like machine setting, machine element changing,
maintenance in the power control plant, etc. are taken to correct faults according to
the quality control office report. The effects are of raw material quality, mechanical
& electrical conditions of machines, lack of skillful operators air conditioning and
cleaning on production and waste is a great impact.
3.2 Improving Interpersonal Communication skill
Really, we have seen that without effective communication skills, an employee
cannot succeed in the workplace. If communication can fail or if a message can be
understood in different ways, it will be understood in the way which does the most
harm. Generally we have gained the following interpersonal communication skills;
Listening skill
Create suitable condition to solve something easily and others are some of
benefits gained by working in group
Learning and respecting of any work tasks that were important in order to do
those tasks effectively & efficiently
Good work ethics often inspire others to act in similar ways. Many people consider
efficient production a hallmark of good work ethics. Productivity doesn't have to
mean a huge output; it could mean consistent quality yield as well.
3.6 Entrepreneurship
Entrepreneurship is the ability of a person to create business or an enterprise of
his/her own. This internship program develops our creativity and we detect that the
private sector is better than the public sector to get better business. To be good
entrepreneur, the following abilities or skills are needed.
a. Risk management
b. Self confidence
c. Innovative skills
d. Market understanding ability
e. Educational background
CHAPTER FOUR
PROJECT
PROJECT TITLE : IMPROVEMENT OF FORWARD REVERSE MOTOR
USING TIME DELAY RELAY
ABSTRACT
Induction motor is the most important part that makes this project success.
This motor is chosen because it simple, rugged construction, easy
maintenance. Its commonly used especially for higher-powered motors. For
this project, Induction Motor has to running in forward-reverse controlled by
limit switch. These limit switch use as a sensor that detect the thing or
object when it touched. The motor will stop at the moment before it
continue running in reverse direction. This application is same as conveyor
that use in workhorses industry. The main part of this project is to measure
the time that induction motor take when it need to change forward direction
to reverse direction. From investigation the time is influenced by the speed
of motor. When the speed of induction motor is high, the time to change
direction is long.
4.1 INTRODUCTION
4.1.2 BACK GROUND
Power distribution systems used in large commercial and industrial applications can be complex.
Power may be distributed through switchgear, switchboards, transformers, and panel boards.
Power distributed throughout a commercial or industrial application is used for a variety of
applications such as heating, cooling, lighting, and motor-driven machinery. Unlike other types
of power distribution equipment, which are used with a variety of load types, motor control
centers primarily control the distribution of power to electric motors.
Wherever motors are used, they must be controlled. In Basics of Control Components various
control products are used to control the operation of motors. For example, the most basic type of
AC motor control, involves turning the motor on and off. This is often accomplished using a
motor starter made up of a cont actor and an overload relay. The cont actor's contacts are closed
to start the motor and opened to stop the motor. This is done electro mechanically and often
requires using start and stop pushbuttons and other devices wired to control the cont actor.
The forward reverse motor control is used where forward and backward or upward and
downward movement in the operation is needed. The clockwise (forward) and counterclockwise
(reverse) rotation of a motor can be caused by interchanging the connection of any of the two of
its three terminals
To change the direction a three phase induction machine rotation, two of its phaexchanged, thus
changing the phase sequence form, say ABC to CBA. This can be accomplished by using two
contact ors, one for the forward or CW rotation and one for the reverse or CCW rotation. The
forward and reverse cont actors are mechanically interlocked i.e., if one of them is closed the
other cannot close. This is done to avoid dead short circuit in case both the cont actors closing
simultaneously. Also electrical interlocking could be provided using the cont actors control
contacts. the instruments are three phase induction motor ,time delay relay, over load relay
,fuse,electromechanical relay
the motor circuit also uses the overload input, which will shut down the motor. The normally
closed overload contacts are programmed as normally open in the logic driving the motor starter
outputs. The forward and reverse motor commands will operate normally if no overload
condition exists because the overload contacts will provide continuity
4.1.4 SIGNIFICANCE
After developing this project
increase the working age of the table which is used for split the
fabric
One of the most common electrical motor used in most applications which is
known as induction motor. This motor is also called as asynchronous motor
because it runs at a speed less than synchronous speed. In this, we need to
define what synchronous speed is. Synchronous speed is the speed of
rotation of the magnetic field in a rotary machine and it depends upon the
frequency and number poles of the machine. An induction motor always runs
at a speed less than synchronous speed because the rotating magnetic field
which is produced in the stator will generate flux in the rotor which will make
the rotor to rotate, but due to the lagging of flux current in the rotor with flux
current in the stator, the rotor will never reach to its rotating magnetic field
speed i.e. the synchronous speed. There are basically two types of induction
motor that depend upon the input supply - single phase induction motor and three
phase induction motor. Single phase induction motor is not a self starting motor. and
three phase induction motor is a self-starting motor. Now in general we need to
give two supply i.e. double excitation to make a machine to rotate. For
example if we consider a DC motor, we will give one supply to the stator and
another to the rotor through brush arrangement. In three phase system, there are
three single phase line with 120 phase difference. So the rotating magnetic field
is having the same phase difference which will make the rotor to move. If we
consider three phases a, b and c, when phase a is magnetized, the rotor will
move towards the phase a winding, in the next moment phase b will get
magnetized and it will attract the rotor and then phase C. So the rotor will
continue to rotate.
a covering and provide protection and mechanical strength to all the inner
parts of the machine. The frame is either made up of die cast or fabricated
steel. The frame of three phase induction motor should be very strong and
rigid as the air gap length of three phase induction motor is very small,
otherwise rotor will not remain concentric with stator which will give rise to
unbalanced magnetic pull.
2 Stator core: The main function of the stator core is to carry alternating flux. In
order to reduce the eddy current losses the stator core is laminated. This laminated
type of structure is made up of stamping which is about 0.4 to 0.5 mm thick. All the
stamping are stamped together to form stator core, which is then housed in stator
frame. The stamping are generally made up of silicon steel, which reduces the
hysteresis loss.
second to many days. There are many choices of timing adjustments from
calibrated external knobs, DIP switches, thumb wheel switches, or recessed
potentiometer. The output contacts on the electromechanical output relay
are direct wired to the output terminals. The contact load ratings are
specified for each specific type of time delay relay. Time delay relays are
simply control relays with a time delay built in. Their purpose is to control an
event based on time. The difference between relays and time delay relays is
when the output contacts open &close: on a control relay, it happens when
voltage is applied and removed from the coil; on time delay relays, the
contacts will open or close before or after a per-selected, timed interval.
Time delay is arranged to stop at 17 seconds after the motor have been
started.
4.3.1.5 Fuse
Fuses are current-sensitive devices that provide reliable protection for
discrete components or circuits b melting under current overload conditions.
Choosing the right fuse for your application can bean over whelming, time
consuming process, and even for a seasoned electronics design engineer.
4.3.2 METHDOLOGY
:
Fig 3.4: over all control circuit
If the motor has been running in the forward direction, both M1 and TD1 will
have been energized. This being the case, the normally-closed, timed-closed
contact of TD1 between wires 8 and 5 will have immediately opened the
moment TD1 was energized. When the stop button is pressed, contact TD1
waits for the specified amount of time before returning to its normally-closed
state, thus holding the reverse pushbutton circuit opens for the duration so
M2 cant be energized. When TD1 times out, the contact will close and the
circuit will allow M2 to be energized, if the reverse pushbutton is pressed. In
like manner, TD2 will prevent the Forward pushbutton from energizing M1
until the prescribed time delay after M2 (and TD2) have been de-energized.
The diagram appears similar to the DOL motor controller except for an
additional reverse cont actor. The main circuit breaker is the main power
supply switch that , L2, L3 of the two cont actors, waiting for any of these
two cont actors to close to deliver the voltage to the terminal of the motor
U1, V1, and W1 in order to run the motor. The forward cont actor is
configured in such a way as to run the motor to its normal forward rotation
with L1 connected toU1, L2 to V1, andL3toW1.Whereas the configuration of
the reverse cont actor is wired in contrast to the configuration of the forward
cont actor so as to provide a reverse rotation of the motor, with L1 to W1
insteadU1, then L3 to U1 instead of W1, while maintaining L2 connected to
V1. The thermal overload relay provides motor overload protection which
detects motor overload current to shut down the control system of the
forward reverse motor controller.