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Agradecimientos :
Gracias a todas las personas que consciente
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Gracias a tod@s por compartir .

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144

Otros recetarios veganos de la serie:

Descubriendo la cocina vegetariana


-Quesos y tortillas veganas.
-Pats vegetales.
-Adaptaciones veganas de recetas clsicas.
-Ensaladas veganas ...ms all de la lechuga y el tomate.
-Cremas y sopas veganas.
-Cocas, empanadas, quiche , tar tas vegetales
-Repostera vegana.
-Dulces navideos veganos
-Hor talizas y verduras rellenas.
-Hamburguesas y pizzas veganas.
-36 Arroces Veganos.
-32 recetas de pasta veganas
-Frivolidades veganas
-44 recetas con legumbres
-Especial Aperitivos y entrantes (56recetas)
-Especial Seitn, soja texturizada, tempeh y tofu
-Especial Otros Cereales
!"#$#%&$#%'()*()+,%&$#%$#&(-".&/
http://www.forovegetariano.org/foro/showthread.php?t=10946
0&(1,)(&2(34567&(-"./
http://www.unionvegetariana.org/recet.html

146

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