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Pick up current.
2.
3.
Current setting.
Plug setting multiplier (PSM).
4.
In all electrical relays, the moving contacts are not free to move.
All the contacts remain in their respective normal position by
some force applied on them continuously. This force is called
controlling force of the relay. This controlling force may be
gravitational force, may be spring force, may be magnetic force.
The force applied on the relays moving parts for changing the
normal position of the contacts, is called deflecting force. This
deflecting force is always in opposition of controlling force and
presents always in the relay. Although the deflecting force always
presents in the relay directly connected to live line, but as the
magnitude of this force is less than controlling force in normal
condition, the relay does not operate. If the actuating current in
the relay coil increases gradually, the deflecting force in electro
mechanical relay, is also increased. Once, the deflecting force
crosses the controlling force, the moving parts of the relay initiate
to move to change the position of the contacts in the relay. The
current for which the relay initiates it operation is called pick up
current of relay.
Now, if we can change the number of active turns of any coil, the
required current to reach at minimum pick value of the deflecting
force, in the coil also changes. That means if active turns of the
relay coil is reduced, then proportionately more current is
required to produce desired relay actuating force. Similarly if
active turns of the relay coil is increased, then proportionately
reduced current is required to produce same desired deflecting
force.
Practically same model relays may be used in different systems.
As per these systems requirement the pick up current of relay is
adjusted. This is known as current setting of relay. This is
achieved by providing required number of tapping in the coil.
These taps are brought out to a plug bridge. The number of
active turns in the coil can be changed by inserting plug in
different points in the bridge.
The current setting of relay is expressed in percentage ratio of
relay pick up current to rated secondary current of CT.
That means,
Current setting.
Fault current level.
3.
4.
5. Time setting.
Step 1
From CT ratio, we first see the rated secondary current of CT. Say
the CT ratio is 100 / 1 A, i.e. secondary current of CT is 1 A.
Step 2
From current setting we calculate the trick current of the relay.
Say current setting of the relay is 150% therefore pick up current
of the relay is 1 150% = 1.5 A.
Step 3
Step 4
Now, after calculating PSM, we have to find out the total time of
operation of the relay from Time / PSM curve. From the curve,
say we found the time of operation of relay is 3 second for PSM =
10.
Step 5
Finally that operating time of relay would be multiplied with time
setting multiplier, in order to get actual time of operation of relay.
Hence say time setting of the relay is 0.1.
Therefore actual time of operation of the relay for PSM 10, is 3
0.1 = 0.3 sec or 300 ms.
Calculate setting of IDMT over Current Relay for following Feeder and CT Detail
Feeder Detail: Feeder Load Current 384 Amp, Feeder Fault current Min11KA and Max 22KA.
CT Detail: CT installed on feeder is 600/1 Amp. Relay Error 7.5%, CT Error 10.0%, CT over shoot 0.05
Sec, CT interrupting Time is 0.17 Sec and Safety is 0.33 Sec.
IDMT Relay High Current setting :Plug setting of Relay is 2.5 Amp and Time Delay (TMS) is 0.100
Sec, Relay Curve is selected as Normal Inverse Type
Over Load Current (In) = Feeder Load Current X Relay setting = 384 X 125% =480 Amp
Required Over Load Relay Plug Setting= Over Load Current (In) / CT Primary Current
Required Over Load Relay Plug Setting = 480 / 600 = 0.8
Pick up Setting of Over Current Relay (PMS) (I>)= CT Secondary Current X Relay Plug Setting
Pick up Setting of Over Current Relay (PMS) (I>)= 1 X 0.8 = 0.8 Amp
Plug Setting Multiplier (PSM) = Min. Feeder Fault Current / (PMS X (CT Pri. Current / CT Sec.
Current))
Pick up Setting of Over Current Relay (PMS) (I>>)= CT Secondary Current X Relay Plug Setting
Pick up Setting of Over Current Relay (PMS) (I>)= 1 X 2.5 = 2.5 Amp
Plug Setting Multiplier (PSM) = Min. Feeder Fault Current / (PMS X (CT Pri. Current / CT Sec.
Current))
Conclusion of Calculation:
Pickup Setting of over current Relay (PMS) (I>) should be satisfied following Two Condition.
(1) Pickup Setting of over current Relay (PMS)(I>) >= Over Load Current (In) / CT Primary Current
(2) TMS <= Minimum Fault Current / CT Primary Current
For Condition (1) 0.8 > =(480/600) = 0.8 >= 0.8, Which found OK
For Condition (2) 0.125 <= 11000/600 = 0.125 <= 18.33, Which found OK
Here Condition (1) and (2) are satisfied so
Pickup Setting of Over Current Relay = OK