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. (
. (
.
. –
. -
Base
.
. Base Shear,V ) (Frame
. Bearing Wall System
)) Shear Walls Bou
ndary . ) ) Diaphragm Element )
Truss ( Braced ) Co
ncentric . ) ( Eccentric Frame
. Building frame system
. Collector
(Axial ) Forces . Concentric braced
.
) (Diaphragm ) (Shear Walls
) (Axial ) (Flange . (
(
) (Diaphragm
. .
.
frame Diaphragm Diaphragm chord
Strut Diaphragm
Drift Storey Drift
) Dual System SMRSF
) IMRSF ) (Shear Walls
) (Braced Frames ) – – -
. ) .
)) SEAOC Eccentric Braced Frame
. Essential Facilities
) (Deformation
. Flexible Element or System
) (Truss .) (Diaphragm Ho
zontal Bracing System
. )98 - (ACI 318M IMRSF
.
Lateral Force Resisting System
. Moment Resisting
pace Frame
. ) (Ductile Ordinary Momen
t Resisting Space Frame
Ortho
gonal . Effects
. P
Effect ) (Plan Shear W
all . ) (Stiffness 07 Soft
Storey .
. Soil Structure R
ce Space Fram
e
) (Diaphragm .
) ) Ductile
)98- (ACI 318M
. SMRSF . S
rey .
.
.
.
.
( ( .
Story Drift Ratio Story Shear ,Vx Strength
ructure
Tower Vertical Load Carrying Space Frame
) (Strength 08 Weak Storey .
– ) ( – )
(
–
: - - Seismic
Zone .
) 1 . ( Fig . - - Seismic Zone Number, SZN
. ) ( SZN
) 1 . ( Table - - Occupancy Cate
gories, OC . )
( OC ) 2 ( Table ) ( I
. - - Seismic Performance Categories, SPC
) ( A ) ( C
) 3 . ( Table ) ( A
. - - Configuration Requirement
) ( Irregularities
.
. )
5 ( Table . ) 6 ( Table
. - - Structural Systems
) 7 ( Table
) ( Rw . ) ( Rw
: - : A-Moment Resisting Frame System
. -
: B-Building Frame System
( ) Shear Walls ) . ( Braced Frames -
: C-Dual System
: -
. -
: ) (
) ( Base shear / . ) ( Shear walls
) . ( Braced frames - ) (
) ( . -
: System D-Bearing Wall .
) ( Shear Walls ) . ( Braced frames –
: E-Undefined System
) 7 . ( Table :
. - - *
. * : The Dynamic Lateral Force Procedure, DLF
. *
: The Static Lateral Force Procedure, SLF
) ( Regularity ) ( Occupancy .
) ( Irregularity types : A, B
, C ) 5 : ( Table (
) 1 . ( SZN (
) 1 . ( SZN (
) ( )
7 ( Table ) 4 ( S
) 4 ( Table ) ( .
( ) ( Irregular Structures
) ( . - - System Limitations
.
( ). ( Discontinuity
) ( Capacity ) ( E
) 5 ( Table
) ( Strength ) ( Weak Storey
. :
) 8/ ( Rw
– . ( .
) 7 ( Table
) ( Rw
. (
) 5
( & Tables . - -
Static Lateral Force Procedure
. - - -
: Design Base Shear ) ( V
:
: = Z ) ( Seismic Zone Factor ) 1 .
( Table = I ) ( Importance Factor ) 2 . ( T
able = Rw ) ) 7 (
Table ( . = W
: -
. -
) ( Partitions
/ . - . = C
:
: = S ) 4 .( Table
= T ) ( Fundamental Period ) (
: ) ( T
: 530.0 = Ct . 030.0 = Ct
. Ecc
entric Braced Frames 020.0 = Ct . = H ) (
Base . 57.2 = c
.
) 8/ ( Rw
C/Rw ) ( . - - - :
Base Shear :
: = Ft ) ( n :
) (
. = ) . ( i = n
. Base
Shear ) ( ) ( n :
: : Fx x
) Mass (Distribution .
: W x . i - - -
: Horizontal Distribution of Shear : (
x :
( Vx
Rigidity Diaphragm . (
: Accidental Eccentricity
) ( ) ( Dimension
.
) ( Torsional moment ) (
. - - - Torsional
Moments Torsional Eccentricities
. Torsional
.
) A (
) ( :
: = Displacement . =
. - - - Overturning -
Overturning Moments Ft Fx
. Rigidities -
. -
Stiffness
. - ( ) C ( ) B
Discontinuous
Irregularity ) ( D ( ) D
Axial Force
: DL + 0.8 LL + 3 (Rw / 8 ) E DL + 3 (
Rw / 8 ) E ( ) DL ) ( LL ( ) E
. ( Axial F
orces . (
Axial Forces
. Working st
ress ) ( . (
: – ) – – – – (
. - - - : Storey Drift Limitation
.
. -
: · ) / Rw)h h (=h (
Fundamental Period ) ( . · ) / Rw)h
h ) ( .
Base . sh
ear ( ) h . -
. -
[ C ) (]
Period
) ( C/Rw ) ( . - - - : - Ef
fects P )
( P- Effects Stability
. - - - Vertical Components
) :( C ( Hor
izontal Cantilever Components
. (
. - - : Dynamic Lateral Forc
e Procedure
. –
)- LATERAL FORCE ON ELEMENTS OF STRUCTURES
AND NON ( SUPPORTED BY STRUCTURES STRUCTURAL COMPONENTS – –
Nonstruct
ural Components Equipment
: (
Attachments Anchorages Bracing
. . (
Equipment
. :
. - - Elements Components
: ) ( Fp = Z I Cp W
p : = Wp = Cp ) 8 . ( Table
- ) ( Z ) ( I .
: -
) ( I ) ( . -
) ( I ) ( . - ) ( Panel C
onnection ) ( I ) ( . -
) ( Cp
Supported .
Fixed Base Period ) ( .
) ( . –
) ( Cp ) 8 ( Table
) ( Cp
) 8 ( Table
) ( . - ) (
. –
) (
. -
Diaphragms
) – – – - ( ) – – – – (. -
. - SYSTEM DES
IGN REQUIREMENTS - - Detailed Systems Design Re
quirements – – – :
) - (
.
) - ( ACI : -
Combined Vertical and Horizontal Forces
. -
Uplift Effects
. Working Stress
) (
. - Orthogonal Effects (
) ( B ) ( A
: ( Irregularity
) ( E ) 6 .( Table (
) ( A ) 6 ( Table
. (
. : Axial Load
. (
. Combinations .
– – – -
) - – (
) 7 ( Table
) - - ( . -
system Detailing Requirements for Combination
. - Connection ) (
.
- Deformation Compatibility
) 8/ ( Rw
. -
Effect) - (P Working Stres
s ) ( . -
Ties and Continuity
( .
.
) 3/ ( Z
. ( ) ( Truss
) 3/ ( Z
. - Concrete Ele
ments ) ( Collector Elements
. -
Concrete Frames
: (
) ( C ) ( SMRSF (
) ( B )
. ( IMRSF - Anchorage of Concrete or Masonry
Walls
) - - (
) / ( .
Anchors
) ( .
. Diaphr
agm Deformations . - Boundary
Members flexure
governed by . -
Diaphragms Diaphragm
.
. - Diaphragm F
orces
:
· ) ( Fpx ) ( Z I Wpx ) . (
I Wpx Z
· ) ( Diaphragm
)
) ( ( stiffness
. - Diaphragm Ties
Ties
Struts Chords
. Chords
. Main Cross Ties - Framing Be
low Base
Overturning
. - Building Separations
Displacement
) 6/ . ( Rw - - Framing S
ystems - - - : .
) 7 . (
Table - - - Combination of Framing Systems
: - Rw ) ( Rw
. - ) ( Rw C
omponents
) . ( Rw - - - Limitation on Framing Systems -
) : ( A
) ( A . - ) : ( B
) ( B : –
: ·
) . ( IMRSF · ) . ( Dual System ·
) ( Braced Frames ) ( Shear Walls
) . ( Torsional
) ( . - ) : ( Interaction Effects
.
Storey Drifts
.
- :
. - ) ( SMRSF
.
) ( Supported
) ( Rigid ) ( Rw . -
) : ( C ) ( C
) ( B ) 7 . ( Table
- - Design And Detailing Requirements
: - - - )
: ( A ) ( A
( M-89) ACI ) . ( Chapter - - -
) : ( B ) ( B
) 98- ( ACI-318M ) 9.12 " ( Section
" ) - - - (
. - - - ) : ( C
) ( C ) 98- ( ACI-318M
) 12 .( Chapter – Foundations – –
) ( C ) . ( B – –
Soil Capacities Load
Combinations Strains
.
. – – Superstr
ucture
. – – Foun
dation - soil Interface ) ( Ft
Overturning . Moment – –
( ) (
A ) - - ( ) - - (
) . ( A ( ) ( B ) ( C
) ( B ) ( C
) ( A ) - - ( ) – – –
( . ( Investigation ) – -
( ) - – (
: · .
· . Liquefaction ·
. – – Piles . Cais
sons ( Design For Earthquake Motion
.
. ( Footing Interconnection –
. –
.
-
– –
.
: ( . (
. (
. – – Ductility
Ductility
.
Distortion
.
. ) (
Elastic ) ( B
. Elasticity
) ( Level A
Plastically .
.
) ( A ) ( B .
– –
) (
Trusses .
Frames .
. – – Diaphragms
) (
. – - Shear Walls
Cantilever
.
.
– –
Joints ) (.
) (
. ) (
Deformation .
Ductile .
Brittle – – Deformation Reversal I
nelastic . Ductile
) (
Deflection
.
Deformations Ductility . Capacit
y Inela
stic Reversal
Panel Zone
Bending .
) Panel Zone ) (( Stirrups
.
.
. Yield
.
. –
. ·
. ·
.
.
.
Liquefacation . ·
) ( bracing
.
. Ductility
.
. · Redundancy
. ·
. . ·
.
) ( . ·
.
Soft Storey
. . ·
. ·
Stiffness
. ·
. ·
. ·
Counter Weights
. ·
. ·
. ·
Parapets Exterior Panels
. ·
.
· Pre-cast . ·
. - -
. -
. -
.
-
/ . -
. - )
...( . -
. - .
- .
-
. / .
. . . .
" "
) ( . Reference .Al-Hadad ,M.S, Dr. G. H. Siddiqi,
Dr. R. Z. Al-Zaid, Dr. A. M. Arafah, Dr. A Necioglu, and Dr. N. Turkelli. “ A St
udy Leading To Preliminary Seismic Design Criteria For The Kingdom “ King Abdu
l aziz city for science and technology .