Strategic Communication

Or... United States (Foreign Aimed)

Propaganda

History Many Offices

Foreign Information Service (1941-42)

Office of War Information (1942-45)

Office of International Information & Cultural Affairs (1945-48)

Office of International Information (1948-50)

Office of International Information & of the Assistant Secretary of State for Public Affairs (1950-52)

International Communication Administration (1952-53)

United States Information Agency (1953-77)

International Information Agency (1978-82)

United States Information Agency (1983-98)

International Public Information Core Group (1998-2001)

Office of Strategic Influence (2001-02)

Office of Global Communications (2002-05)

Bureau of International Information Programs (2005-2016)

USIA

USIA

USIA

Synonyms and Terminology

Information Support

Psychological Operation

Perception Management

Public Diplomacy

Information Operation

Strategic Influence

Strategic Communication

Special Planning

DoD Dictionary of Military and

Associated Terms

PSYOP

Perception Management

Strategic Communication

Public Diplomacy and Strategic

Communication

Public Diplomacy and Strategic

Communication

Recent Legislation/Policy
NSDD*-45 (1982), NSDD-77 (1983), NSDD-130 (1984)
[This group] will be responsible for the planning and coordination of
major speeches on national security subjects and other public
appearances by senior officials... with foreign and public dimensions.
The fundamental purpose of US international information programs is to
affect foreign audiences in ways favorable to US national interests.
The Department of Defense is directed, with appropriate interagency
coordination and in accordance with national law and policy, to participate
in overt PSYOP programs in peacetime.

Recent Legislation/Policy
DoD Directive S-3321.1 (1984)
Established the Overt Peacetime PSYOP Program
(OP3), still operative today.
http://www.dtic.mil/whs/directives/corres/pdf/332101p.
pdf
Controlled document.

Recent Legislation/Policy
H.R.2915 (1983)
https://www.congress.gov/bill/98th-congress/house-bill/2915
Authorizes appropriations for the USIA for FY 1984 and 1985.
Directs the Administrator of General Services to provide for the
distribution within the United States of the U.S.I.A. film
"Thanksgiving in Peshawar."

Recent Legislation/Policy
DoD Psychological Operations Master Plan March 1985 & 1990
https://archive.org/stream/DODPsychologicalOperationsMasterP
lanMarch1990/DOD%20Psychological%20Operations%20Master%20Pla
n%20March%201990_djvu.txt
Today's environment for PSYOP involves not only the continuous and
global war of information between the Soviet Union and the United
States, but similar conflict among other aligned and non-aligned
nations as well.
Operation JUST CAUSE commanders continue to attest to the
combat advantage PSYOP forces brought to their battle.

Recent Legislation/Policy
National Security Directive 51 (1990)
https://fas.org/irp/offdocs/nsd/nsd51.pdf
In a period of historic change, a global U.S. Government broadcasting capability
remains necessary.
To provide surrogate programming where local governments curtail the free flow
of information to their people and where surrogate programming is in the U.S.
interest.
Broadcasting should serve and advance U.S. foreign policy objectives through
radio and television to foreign audiences.

Recent Legislation/Policy
Foreign Affairs Reform and Restructuring Act (1998)
https://www.congress.gov/105/bills/hr1757/BILLS-105hr1757enr.pdf
by striking United States Information Agency each
place it appears and inserting Broadcasting Board of
Governors;.
Section 1(b) of the State Department Basic Authorities Act of 1956
(22 U.S.C. 2651a(b)) is amended by striking 5 and inserting 6

Recent Legislation/Policy

Recent Legislation/Policy
Presidential Decision Directive PDD 68 (1999)
http://fas.org/irp/offdocs/pdd/pdd-68.htm
The International Public Information [IPI] System is designed to
"influence foreign audiences" in support of US foreign policy and to
counteract propaganda by enemies of the United States.
intended to "influence the emotions, motives, objective reasoning and
ultimately the behavior of foreign governments, organizations, groups
and individuals."

Recent Legislation/Policy
NSPD-1 (2001)
Controlled document.
The International Public Information [IPI] System is designed to
"influence foreign audiences" in support of US foreign policy and to
counteract propaganda by enemies of the United States.
intended to "influence the emotions, motives, objective reasoning and
ultimately the behavior of foreign governments, organizations, groups
and individuals."

Recent Legislation/Policy
NSPD-16 (2002)
Controlled document.
http://nsarchive.gwu.edu/NSAEBB/NSAEBB177/
06_nspd_16.pdf
PSYOP that affect friendly nations.

Recent Legislation/Policy
Executive Order 13283 (2003)
http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/?pid=61379

The Office shall assess the methods and strategies used by the United
States Government to deliver information to audiences abroad.
The Office shall encourage the use of state-of-the-art media and
technology and shall advise the United States Government of events,
technologies, and other communications tools that may be available for
use in conveying information.

Recent Legislation/Policy
Information Operations Roadmap (2003)
http://nsarchive.gwu.edu/NSAEBB/NSAEBB177/info_ops_roadmap.pdf
DoD should collaborate with other agencies for U.S. Government public
diplomacy programs and information objectives. PSYOP forces and capabilities
can be employed in support of public diplomacy.

Major DoD 'information activities' include public affairs, military support to public
diplomacy and PSYOP. The State Department maintains the lead for public
diplomacy, the [censored] and the International Broadcasting Board of
Governors maintains the lead for broadcasting USG messages overseas, often
with DoD in a supporting role.

Recent Legislation/Policy
Information Operations Roadmap (2007)
http://www.nyu.edu/brademas/pdf/publications-moving-forward-strategic-communication
-public-diplomacy.pdf
Key Influencers are those whose views can have a ripple effect throughout society.
They include clerics, educators, journalists, women leaders, business and labor
leaders, political leaders, scientists and military personnel. Our public diplomacy
programs and efforts should engage these key influencers
In response to changing user habits and the dramatically different media landscape,
new web-based approaches must be developed and expanded by all agencies. The
interagency community should collaborate with technology professionals to identify
recommendations on current trends and the most effective ways of reaching youth
audiences.

Recent Legislation/Policy
White Oak Document (2009)
Public document, but could not find a copy.
http://www.american.edu/soc/faculty/upload/Zaharna-public-diplomac
y-islamic-world.pdf
Public diplomacy is not just a 'war of ideas' but a multipronged
effort to understand, inform, engage and influence the attitudes and
behavior of foreign opinion leaders and publics, in ways that both
promote better foreign understanding of American values, polices
and goals, and better inform the U.S. policymaking process.

Recent Legislation/Policy
Smith-Mundt Modernization Act of 2012 (2012)
http://thomas.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/z?c112:H.R.5736 :
Nothing in this section shall be construed to prohibit the Department of
State or the Broadcasting Board of Governors from engaging in any
medium or form of communication, either directly or indirectly, because a
United States domestic audience is or may be thereby exposed to program
material, or based on a presumption of such exposure. Such material may
be made available within the United States and disseminated, when
appropriate, pursuant to sections 502 and 1005 of the United States
Information and Educational Exchange Act of 1948 (22 U.S.C. 1462 and
1437)

Recent Legislation/Policy
National Defense Authorization Act for FY 2013 (2013)
https://www.govtrack.us/congress/bills/112/hr4310/text
the Secretary and the Broadcasting Board of Governors
may, upon request and reimbursement of the reasonable
costs incurred in fulfilling such a request, make available,
in the United States, motion pictures, films, video, audio,
and other materials disseminated abroad

Technical Capabilities

Technical Capabilities

Technical Capabilities

HBGary Federal Disclosures:

Persona Management

HBGary Federal Disclosures:

Persona Management

Persona Management:
Operation Earnest Voice

Persona Management:
Operation Earnest Voice

Snowden Disclosures:
GCHQ JTRIG

Snowden Disclosures:
GCHQ JTRIG

Snowden Disclosures:
GCHQ JTRIG

DARPA SMISC

SMISC Open Research

SMISC Open Research

SMISC Open Research

SMISC Open Research

SMISC Open Research

SMISC Open Research

SMISC Open Research

SMISC Open Research

SMISC Open Research

SMISC Open Research

SMISC Open Research

DARPA: SMISC

The War of Ideas

The War of Ideas

The War of Ideas

The War of Ideas

Neural Based Messaging

Neural Based Messaging

What does it look like in practice?

What does it look like in practice?

What does it look like in practice?

What does it look like in practice?

What does it look like in practice?