Mudjar

Mudjar
Mudjar (Spanish:[muexar], Portuguese:[mua], Catalan:
Mudjar [mur], Arabic: trans. Mudajjan,
"domesticated") is the name given to individual Moors or Muslims
of Al-Andalus who remained in Iberia after the Christian
Reconquista but were not converted to Christianity, unlike
Moriscos who had converted. It also denotes a style of Iberian
architecture and decoration, particularly of Aragon and Castile, of
the 12th to 16th centuries, strongly influenced by Moorish taste
and workmanship.

Etymology
The word Mudjar is a Medieval Spanish corruption of the Arabic
word Mudajjan , meaning "domesticated", in a reference to
the Muslims who submitted to the rule of the Christian kings.
The Treaty of Granada (1491) protected religious and cultural
freedoms for Muslims and Jews in the imminent transition from
the Emirate of Granada to a Province of Castile. After the fall in
the Battle of Granada in January 1492, Mudjars, unlike the Jews'
Alhambra Decree (1492) expulsion, kept the protected religious
status along with Catholic converso efforts. However, in the
mid-16th century, they were forced to convert to Christianity.
From that time, because of suspicions that they were not truly
converted, or crypto-Muslims, they were known as Moriscos. In
1610 those who refused to convert to Christianity were expelled.
The distinctive Mudjar style is still evident in regional
architecture, as well as in the music, art, and crafts, especially
Hispano-Moresque ware, lustreware pottery which was widely
exported across Europe.

Mudjar Tower of El Salvador. Teruel

[1]

Mudjar style
In erecting Romanesque, Gothic, and Renaissance buildings,
builders used elements of Islamic art and often achieved striking
results. Its influence survived into the 17th century.
The Mudjar style, a symbiosis of techniques and ways of
understanding architecture resulting from Muslim and Christian
cultures living side by side, emerged as an architectural style in the
Teruel Cathedral, one of ten Mudjar monuments of
12th century on the Iberian peninsula. It is characterised by the use
Aragon that comprise the World Heritage Site
of brick as the main material. Mudjar did not involve the creation
of new shapes or structures (unlike Gothic or Romanesque), but
the reinterpretation of Western cultural styles through Islamic influences.

Mudjar

The dominant geometrical character, distinctly Islamic, emerged

conspicuously in the accessory crafts using less expensive
materials: elaborate tilework, brickwork, wood carving, plaster
carving, and ornamental metals. To enliven the planar surfaces of
wall and floor, Mudjar style developed complicated tiling
patterns that have never been surpassed in sophistication. Even
after Muslims were no longer employed in architecture, many of
the elements they had introduced continued to be incorporated into
Spanish architecture, thereby giving it a distinctive appearance.
The term Mudejar style was first coined in 1859 by Jos Amador
de los Ros, an Andalusian historian and archeologist.
Historians agree that the Mudjar style developed in Sahagn,
Len [2], as an adaptation of architectural and ornamental motifs
(especially through decoration with plasterwork and brick).
Mudjar extended to the rest of the Kingdom of Len, Toledo,
vila, Segovia, etc., giving rise to what has been called brick
Romanesque style. Centers of Mudjar art are found in other cities,
such as Toro, Cullar, Arvalo and Madrigal de las Altas Torres.

Tower of the Santa Mara Church in Calatayud

It became most highly developed mainly in Aragon, especially in

Teruel (although also in Zaragoza, Utebo, Tauste, Daroca,
Calatayud, etc.) During the 13th, 14th and 15th centuries, many
imposing Mudjar-style towers were built in the city of Teruel,
changing the aspect of the city. This distinction has survived to the
present day. Mudjar led to a fusion between the incipient Gothic
style and the Muslim influences that had been integrated with late
Romanesque. A particularly fine Mudjar example is the Casa de
Pilatos, built in the early 16th century at Seville.
Seville includes many other examples of Mudjar style. The
Alczar of Seville is considered one of the greatest surviving
examples of the style. The Alczar expresses Gothic and
Renaissance styles, as well as Mudjar. The Palace originally
began as a Moorish fort. Pedro of Castile continued the Islamic
architectural style when he had the palace expanded. The parish
church of Santa Catalina (pictured) was built in the 14th century
over an old mosque.

Mudjar Castle of La Mota in Medina del Campo,

Valladolid

Portugal
Portugal also has examples of Mudjar art and architecture,
although the examples are fewer and the style simpler in
San Pedro Church, Cloister, Teruel.
decoration than in neighbouring Spain. Mudjar brick architecture
is only found in the apse of the Church of Castro de Avels [3], near Braganza, similar to the prototypical Church of
Sahagn in Len. A hybrid gothic-mudjar style developed also in the Alentejo province in southern Portugal during
the 15th16th centuries, where it overlapped with the manueline style. The windows of the Royal Palace and the
Palace of the Counts of Basto in vora are good examples of this style. Decorative arts of Mudjar inspiration are
also found in the tile patterns of churches and palaces, such as the 16th-century tiles, imported from Seville, that

Mudjar

decorate the Royal Palace of Sintra. Mudjar wooden roofs are found in churches in Sintra, Caminha, Funchal,
Lisbon and some other places.

Latin America
Latin America also has examples of Mudjar art and architecture, for example in Coro a World Heritage Site in
Venezuela. Another example of the style in Latin America is the Monastery of San Francisco in Lima, Peru

Gallery

Tower of El
[4]
Salvador .
Teruel

Alczar of Seville

San Pedro de
Teruel Interior,
Spain.

Mudejar architecture often

combined its language with
other styles, like Gothic: La
Seo, Zaragoza

La Seo Wall of the Parroquieta

La Seo Cathedral
in Zaragoza

Royal Convent of
Santa Clara in
Tordesillas,
characteristic
artesonado ceiling

Mudejar of
Segovia: San
Esteban, in Cullar

Mudjar churches in Albarracn

The Mudjar
Cloister of the
Miracles, Santa
Mara de
Guadalupe.

Church of San
Marcos,
Seville

Tower of
San Martn,
Teruel

Mudjar

Church of San
Andrs, in
Calatayud

Wooden mudjar roof of the

chapel of the Royal Palace of
Sintra (Portugal)

Church of La Asuncin, La
Almunia de Doa Godina

The Mudjar "Leaning

Tower", built in 1512, was the
symbol of Zaragoza until its
demolition in 1892.

Mudjar tower of the Chapel of

the Immaculate Conception in
Cali, Colombia

Cathedral of Teruel

References
Boswell, John (1978). Royal Treasure: Muslim Communities Under the Crown of Aragon in the Fourteenth
Century. Yale University Press. ISBN 0-300-02090-2
Harvey, L. P. (1992). "Islamic Spain, 1250 to 1500". Chicago : University of Chicago Press. ISBN 0-226-31960-1
Harvey, L. P. (2005). "Muslims in Spain, 1500 to 1614." Chicago : University of Chicago Press. ISBN
0-226-31963-6
Menocal, Maria Rosa (2002). "Ornament of the World: How Muslims, Jews, and Christians Created a Culture of
Tolerance in Medieval Spain". Little, Brown, & Co. ISBN 0-316-16871-8
Rubenstein, Richard (2003). "Aristotle's Children: How Christians, Muslims, and Jews Rediscovered Ancient
Wisdom and Illuminated the Middle Ages." Harcourt Books. ISBN 0-15-603009-8

Mudjar

External links

Tower of El Salvador, Teruel. UNESCO World Heritage [1]

Mudjar art in Spain and Portugal in the Museum with no Frontiers website [5]
Arte Mudejar en Jerez de la Frontera [6]
Casselman Archive of Islamic and Mudejar Architecture in Spain [7]

References
[1]
[2]
[3]
[4]
[5]
[6]
[7]

http:/ / www. teruelmudejar. com/

http:/ / www. arteguias. com/ mudejar. htm
http:/ / www. bragancanet. pt/ patrimonio/ avelas. htm
http:/ / www. teruelmudejar. com
http:/ / www. discoverislamicart. org/ exhibitions/ ISL/ mudejar_art/ ?lng=en
http:/ / www. pliegosdeopinion. net/ pdo8/ barandal8/ ensayo8/ mudejar. htm
http:/ / digital. library. wisc. edu/ 1711. dl/ Arts. CasselmanImage

Article Sources and Contributors

Article Sources and Contributors

Mudjar Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=573268305 Contributors: 1dragon, A. Parrot, ACP, Adambro, Alanmaher, Alsandro, Anthony Appleyard, Asterion, Astynax,
Beechgrove, BillC, Bkwillwm, Burgas00, Cantiorix, Ceyockey, Colonies Chris, CommonsDelinker, Cristiano Toms, DanMS, Darkstar8799, Digitalcollections, Dina, Donfbreed, Draeco,
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Johnbod, Jotamar, Khalid hassani, Klemen Kocjancic, Kmcdm, Leandrod, Lguipontes, Look2See1, Lotje, MGlosenger, MPF, Magister Mathematicae, Mailer diablo, Martin253, Mcgillionaire,
MeltBanana, Mick Knapton, Misburg3014, Missmarple, Parkwells, Pascal.Tesson, Popoto, Prof saxx, R'n'B, Rgourley, S711, SchuminWeb, Sergio.solar, Sparkit, Srnec, Swansnic, Sympleko,
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