COMPUTER GRAPHICS

NOTE.1: Gimp vs PhotoShop

Prepared by: Mr. Ronald Jay P. Hupa
GIMP
Maintainer: The GIMP Team
Stable release: 2.2.17 (July 13, 2007) [+/-]
Preview release: 2.4.0-rc1 (August 16, 2007) [+/-]
OS: Cross-platform
Use: Raster graphics editor
License: GNU General Public License
Website: http://www.gimp.org/
GNU Image Manipulation Program or GIMP
is a raster graphics editor application with some support for vector graphics.
used to process digital graphics and photographs.
creating graphics and logos, resizing and cropping photos, altering colors, combining multiple images,
removing unwanted image features, and converting between different image formats
often used as a free software replacement for Adobe Photoshop, the most widely used bitmap editor in the
printing and graphics industries.
The project was started in 1995 by Spencer Kimball and Peter Mattis and is now maintained by a group of volunteers.
Licensed under the GNU General Public License, GIMP is free software.
History
Creators, Spencer Kimball and Petter Mattis, initially started GIMP as a semester-long project for a class at the
University of California, Berkeley. Both were integral members of experimental Computing Facility, a student club at
Berkeley. In 1997, after both Kimball and Mattis had graduated from Berkeley, the name was changed to GNU Image
Manipulation Program when it became an official part of the GNU project. A version 2 was released in 2005.

Adobe Photoshop
Developer: Adobe Systems
Latest release: CS3 and CS3 Extended (10.0) / 30 April 2007
OS: Mac OS X, Microsoft Windows
Genre: Raster graphics editor
License: Proprietary
Website: http://www.adobe.com/products/photoshop/

Adobe Photoshop
a graphics editor developed and published by Adobe Systems
current market leader for commercial bitmap and image manipulation, and is the flagship product of Adobe
Systems.
has been described as "an industry standard for graphics professionals
History

In 1987, Thomas Knoll, then a PhD student at the University of Michigan, began writing a program on his Macintosh
Plus to display grayscale images on a monochrome display. This program, called Display, caught the attention of his
brother John Knoll, an Industrial Light & Magic employee, who recommended Thomas turn it into a full-fledged image
editing program. Thomas took a six month break from his studies in 1988 to collaborate with his brother on the
program, which had been renamed ImagePro. In 1988, Thomas renamed his program Photoshop and worked out a
short-term deal with scanner manufacturer Barneyscan to distribute copies of the program (under the name
Barneyscan XP) with their scanners.
During this time, John traveled to Silicon Valley and gave a demonstration of the program to engineers at Apple
Computer Inc. and Russell Brown, art director at Adobe. Both showings were successful, and Adobe decided to
purchase the license to distribute in September 1988. While John worked on plug-ins in California, Thomas remained
in Ann Arbor writing out program code. Photoshop 1.0 was released in 1990 for Macintosh exclusively, and fit on one
1.44 MB floppy disk

Features
Photoshop has strong ties with other Adobe software for media editing, animation, and authoring. Files in
Photoshop's native format, .PSD, can be exported to and from:
Adobe ImageReady
Adobe Illustrator
Adobe Premiere Pro
After Effects
Adobe Encore DVD
Photoshop can utilize the color models RGB, lab, CMYK, grayscale, bitmap, and duotone. Photoshop has the ability
to read and write raster and vector image formats such as: .EPS, .PNG, .GIF, .JPEG, Fireworks, etc. It also has
several native file formats:
The .PSD (Photoshop Document) format stores an image with support for most imaging options available in
Photoshop. These include layers with masks, color spaces, ICC profiles, transparency, text, alpha channels and spot
colors, Clipping paths, and duotone settings. This is in contrast to many other file formats (e.g. .EPS or .GIF) that
restrict content to provide streamlined, predictable functionality. Photoshop's popularity means that the .PSD format is
widely used, and it is supported to some extent by most competing software.
The .PSB (Photoshop Big) format is a newer version of .PSD designed for files over 2 gigabytes.
The .PDD (PhotoDeluxe Document) format is a version of .PSD that only supports the features found in the
discontinued PhotoDeluxe software.

CMYK vs. RGB

The color image from your printer doesn't match that on your monitor.
Color that you see on a monitor or television screen is called additive color and has a different set of properties from
subtractive color, which is the kind of color that applies to your printout. Additive color emanates directly from a
light source. Subtractive color comes from light which is relfected off of an object from a light source.
Because additive color comes to our eyes directly (unless it is filtered), it is purer color and is able to represent a

broader range of the spectrum than subtractive color. For this reason, even under the best circumstances, additive
and subtractive color never match exactly. Compare additive and subractive models.
If the difference between the color on your monitor and your printout are huge,
Your monitor and printer are not properly calibrated.
Your printer may not be properly configured for the paper and resolution.
ex. Using a porous paper with high ink output will tend to absorb into the paper making the colors, dark
and/or muddy.
Monitor Color
The image you are looking at on a computer monitor or television screen has a noticeably different color cast from
the color of the original image or object.
Here are some things that can affect the color you are seeing:

Different monitors have different color casts. This varies with the manufacturer and the age of the monitor.
The Designer did not use web safe colors.
Computers that run under a Windows operating system use a different system color palette than that used
in Macintoshes. When one type of computer tries to compensate for colors in an image that it doesn't have, it
substitutes and/or dithers colors it does have to simulate colors it does not have. This can cause unintended
color shifts.
The default gamma setting of Macintosh monitors is brighter than that of monitors for Windows machines.
therefore: Images optimized for the Macintosh will look dark on a Windows/Intel machine, and those
optimized for "Wintel" computers will look light on a "Mac".
Background and ambient lighting can affect the way your eyes see color.
Fatigue and medication can affect color perception.
The inaccuracies that you see may be the result of either a bad scan of a good image, or a good scan of a
poor image.
Monitors are capable of creating more intense colors than what we see in the real world. For a more
detailed explanation click here to see CMYK vs. RGB (subtractive color vs. additive color).

Web safe colors

The colors found in Mac and Windows versions of Netscape Navigator and Microsoft Internet Explorer when running
in 256 color mode.
Generally considered to be 216 colors, testing has shown that internet Explorer for Windows does not correctly
render 4 of these colors correctly thereby reducing the the total to 212. ( Dreamweaver 2 manual )
Also, these colors can not be reproduced faithfully on computers running UNIX versions of Navigator as Netscape
uses a different color palette than either Mac or Windows
Environmental Factors
The colors in the picture hanging on your wall match your sofa in the morning, but not in the evening.
Here are some things that can affect the color you are seeing:

Although the color of sunlight itself remains relatively constant, other circumstances which affect it continually
change throughout the day. Differences in cloud coverage, the amount of humidity in the atmosphere and
the angle the light is striking the object affect the color of those pigments. example: Monet's well-known
series of paintings of haystacks and cathedrals exploited these types of changes throughout the day.
Light sources other than the sun have different temperatures or color casts. Incandescent lighting tends to

be warmer and more yellowish, whereas normal flourescent lighting is cooler or more bluish. Special colorbalanced bulbs are made that simulate sunlight, but most homes and offices don't use them. example:
Photographs using daylight film produce yellowish pictures when used indoors with standard incandescent
lights.
There is an effect called dichroism in which two objects may appear to be the same color under one set of
lighting conditions, but when a different kind of lighting is introduced their apparent colors are strikingly
different.
Surrounding objects in the room can affect color awareness. example: Painting the walls in a room a different
color can affect the color relationships of objects in that room. Reflected light also assumes some of the color
characteristics from which it reflects.

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Prepared by: Mr. Ronald Jay P. Hupa/ 2nd Quarter Computer Graphics