ChemCat Training (How It Works) Part II Revised 5-26-2015.ppsx

Hands-on CHEMCAT
f
u
t
Trainings
d
Part
II
o
o
g It Works
How
e
h
by
t Presented
James D. Hawkins
Hawkins Environmental
chemist.environmental@gmail.com
1
ChemCat Training / Hawkins Environmental / email: chemist.environmental@gmail.com
Ever respond to an incident like this ?
Lake City, FL - Acid Tanker Explosion

2
Firefighters spraying
water & chemicals on a
burning fuel tanker.
HAZMAT responses are

an ever-present danger to
the first responder. Not
being to evaluate a
situation puts not only
yourself but your team
members at risk.
ChemCat System skills

will provide you with
essential categorization
skills.
3
Chemicals
any one could be released during a
Hazmat incident
Acetic Acid
Acetone
Ammonia
Ammonium sulfate
Ammonium nitrate
Benzene
Butadiene
Calcium chloride
Carbon black
Carbon dioxide
Ethylbenzene
Ethylene glycol
Formaldehyde
Hydrochloric acid
Isopropanol
Lime
Methanol
Methyl t-butyl ether
Methyl ethyl ketone (MEK)
Nitric Acid
Phosphoric acid
Potash
Sodium silicate
Sodium hydroxide
Sodium sulfate
Styrene
Sulfuric acid
Titanium dioxite
Toluene
Xylene
4
What is a Hazardous
Waste?
EPA definition: per Federal 40 CFR Part 261 Subpart
C
Classification #1 - It either is or contains a listed waste.
Classification #2 - It demonstrates any of the following
hazardous
characteristics.
Reactivity (R) Unstable or violent reaction w/ water
or is either a cyanide or a sulfide.
Corrosivity (C)Liquid w/ pH 2 or pH 12.5
liquid which corrodes steel @ 0.25/year.
Ignitability
(I) Flashes < 140 oF or flammable solid / oxidizer.
What is a Hazardous Waste?

(continued)
Classification #3
It is otherwise capable of causing
environmental or health damage if
improperly disposed .
placing the burden of proof on the generator who Is obligated
to ensure that a waste not meeting Classification #1 or #2 ... in
their judgment (that has the possibility of causing environmental
damage) be handled as to not cause environmental damage.
6
WASTE also applies to these

situations:
Illegally or Improperly disposed drums

Substances having no commercial use
A By-product of an industrial process
Recyclables or Useful materials

even though they may exhibit
hazardous properties, are NOT
considered hazardous wastes.
7
What is CHEMCAT testing?
CHEMCAT testing is a field expedient method of identifying

general chemical classifications according to accepted EPA
criteria.
The basic hazardous waste chemical classifications will be
broken down into eleven categories:
1. Radioactive (DO FIRST)

2. Ignitable
3. Halogen
4. Acid/Base
Many tens of thousands of
5. Reactive
Chemicals can be
6. Peroxide
7. Sulfide
characterized by using the
8. Cyanide
ChemCat
System
9. Organic
10.Base-Neutral
11.Oxidizer (DO LAST)
8
What is beyond the scope of ChemCat

TAs?
Explosives
Radionuclides
Plants or animal byproducts
Medicines
Experimental Laboratory Chemicals
Nerve Agents
Pesticides & Herbicides (some can
be identified by the optional TA #12)
Bio-hazards
9
CHEMCAT analysis in a lab trailer
10
Perform a Visual Inspection of the

Sample
Does it match whats on the Sampling Data Sheet ???
Layer
Top
Middle
Bottom
Physical State
Solid
Liquid
Gel
Sludge
Color:
Clarity
1. Amber
Clear
2. Black
Cloudy
3. Blue
Opaque
4. Brown
5. Colorless
6. Cream
7. Dark Brown
8. Dark Red
etc.
Tip: Reference color by number on spreadsheet
11
Drum Sampling Data Sheet (field data portion)
Note: Embedded
Macro
Radiation
Survey
12
Important QC Note
Perform ChemCat Quality Control (QC) TAs ON-SITE for:

Acid/Base/Peroxide/Oxidizer/Halogen/Cyanide/Sulfide
This is very Important: Prior to the TA of any Unknown Materials !!!
13
TA #1: Radiation
Required Items: Geiger Counter & Fiestaware Burnt Orange Color
Pottery
QA/QC: Scan Pottery with Geiger Counter
The instrument will read approximately 70 Sv/hr upon
scanning the pottery.
Record the Background Radiation: This will vary
depending upon your geographic location.
Procedure:
Scan sample from a distance of several inches w/
Geiger Counter.
A general Rule-of-Thumb a radiation survey is
considered positive when counts are above
background levels.
14
TA #2:
Ignitability
Required Materials: Copper wire, Propane torch &
Striker
Figure 8. Ignitability
Procedure to Prepare Copper Wire Loop:
TA#2.
Heat small loop thin copper wire to
redness in a
flame & let cool
TA Procedure:
Add small amount sample to Test Tube
To a previously prepared (see above) thin gauge Copper wire Coat wire loop w/ sample in Test Tube (NOT in the SAMPLE JAR)
Slowly approach the Flame Ignitable materials will flash
15
TA #3: Halogen
Halogens - compound containing chlorine, bromine, iodine or
fluorine. Halogens are toxic. Industrially used as solvents,
degreasers, pesticides and explosives.
Common Halogens: Freon, DCM & Carbon Tetrachloride.

Figure 8.
Halogen
TA#3
Required Materials: Copper wire, Propane torch &

Striker
Procedure to Prepare Copper Wire Loop:
Heat small loop thin copper wire to
redness in a
flame & let cool
Procedure:
Add small amount sample to Test Tube
To a previously prepared (see above) thin gauge Copper wire Coat wire loop w/ sample in Test Tube (NOT in the SAMPLE JAR)
Place wire loop with sample in the non-luminous area of flame
Note the Flame Color - Green tinge is a Positive TA for
Halogen
16
#3
Note: Green tint to
flame
Chloride will give Green
color
SAFETY NOTE : Care should be
exercised as oxidizers can flash
and / or burn vigorously when
exposed to a flame. Make sure the
wire is cool prior to putting it in
test tube
QA/QC: Cut a small

piece of wire
insulation and place it
inside copper wire
loop. Gently heat
insulation & copper
wire with torch.
Carefully observe
flame & note green
tinge to flame,
(Positive Halogen TA)
17
TA #4 : Acid / Base
Required Materials: Test tube, pH Strips, and water
Solid: Size of a match head
Liquid: Add 5 drops
Figure 9 pH Strips TA
#4
Corrosive ACID
Fill Test tube full with water

Gently mix Test tube
Compare pH strip w/ colors on
chart
pH 2
Corrosive BASE pH
Dip pH strip in pH 4 & 10 buffer/Compare w/ color with that on
QA/QC:
12.5
pH pack
HINT: Decomposed chlorinated solvents can react w/ moisture forming
hydrochloric acid. A low pH may indicate a halogenated solvent.
18
TA #5: H2O
Reactivity
Figure 10.
Sodium RX w/
H2O
Liquid: Add 5 drops
Procedure:
Gently Mix Test tube
Required Materials: Test tube and water

Solubility: Soluble (S) / Partially Soluble (PS) / Insoluble (I)
Density:
Heavier (H) / Lighter (L)
Reactivity: Effervescence / Temp. Change (increase or decrease)/Color
change
Polymerization - mixture turns to a gel
If liquid, Insoluble, and Heavier than water, it may be a halogen

pH in acid range indicates the presence of a halogen
Beilstein Test (copper wire test) - confirms a halogen
If liquid, Insoluble and Lighter than water, it is probably an Organic
If liquid, Insoluble, Lighter than water, & it burns classify it as an
19
Organic
TA #5: H2O
Physical and/or
Chemical reaction
Reactivity
(examples)
Temp. increase - Acid (Sulfuric acid)

Temp. increase - Base (Sodium hydroxide)
Gas formation - Hydrogen sulfide/ (Sulfide ?)
Violent reactions: pH decrease - Acid
pH increase - Base
Color change after mixing with water
HINT: Solid pesticides dissolved in soapy water

may Change color from white/brown to
yellow.
20
TA #6: Peroxide
Solid peroxides packaged in small containers or
laboratory-sized bottles or cans. Liquid peroxides
(Hydrogen peroxide) packaged in poly or stainless steel
containers.
SAFETY NOTE: Never open small chemical bottles since friction may cause a
spark or generate static electricity. Labeled bottles should be inventoried & lab
packed. Unlabeled laboratory-sized bottles can be crushed remotely w/ blast shield
equipped track-hoe.
21
Peroxides are particularly dangerous compounds & are strong

oxidizers.
Peroxides decompose with explosive force when subjected to
friction, shock and/or heat (i.e. opening a bung on a drum or
a lid on a laboratory chemical bottle).
Figure 12.
Peroxides are flammable substances that burn more furiously &
Benzoyl Peroxide
intensely than other flammable substances.
Reaction
Benzoyl peroxide - a fairly common organic peroxide
- produces false negatives on both Oxidizer & Peroxide
TAs
Use: Catalyst / Bleaching Agent / Consumer Skin
Treatment Product
With respect to drums of chemicals, if peroxide or peroxide formers (i.e.
alcohols, ketones and ethers) are suspected, perform a TA using a sample of
crystals on the lid or bung with peroxide test strips. Do not touch or scrape
the crystals. Squirt a small amount of water on the bung to dissolve some of
the crystals and then immerse strip in the solution.
22
TA #6: Peroxide
Required Materials: Peroxide Strips, and water
Liquid: Add 5 drops
Figure 5.
Peroxide TA#6.
Procedure:
Dip strip in solution for 3 seconds
Blue color change indicates positive for Peroxides
QA/QC: Dip Peroxide strip in 3% Hydrogen peroxide solution

an immediate dark blue color indicates strip is good.
A slow reaction followed by a light Blue or no color change is an
indication the strips are bad (replace w/ fresh Peroxide strips)
TIP: Store Peroxide strips in the Freezer

this usually preserves them for several years
or else they may loose their sensitivity.
23
TA #7: Sulfide (S
-2
)
Required Materials: Sulfide Test Strips
Procedure:
Place Sulfide Strip in Sample for 5 sec.
Remove Strip & Shake Strip to remove droplets of sample
Positive Sulfide TA strip reaction turns brown/black
Note:
Figure 6
Sulfide TA#7.
The odor of rotten eggs (H2S) is a preliminary indicator of sulfides
SAFETY NOTE: Sulfide salts can generate hydrogen sulfide fumes if exposed to water
or acidic solutions. Hydrogen sulfide, a flammable gas & is more toxic than cyanide
gas. Exercise great care around these materials. Upon excessive exposure to this
deadly gas, ones sense of smell will be dulled and the offensive H2S odor may decrease
markedly
24
TA #8:
Cyanide (CN
)
Required Materials: Cyanide TA Strips & test tube

Procedure:
Add 20 drops from H2O soluble TA to test tube
Dip Strip #1 in Test tube for 30 seconds
Remove Strip from Test Tube
Insert TA Strip #2 in Test tube for thirty 30 sec.
Remove the test strip & note color change
Figure 7
Cyanide TA#8.
Positive Cyanide TA strip reaction turns blue
SAFETY NOTE: Cyanides impart a bitter taste to the air called Bitter Almond. Traces
cyanide gas can cause headaches & be fatal at high concentrations.
25
TA #9: Organic
(Hexane/DCM* Solubility)
Figure 8.
Solubility TA #9
* Dichloromethane (DCM)
Required Materials: Test tube & Hexane/DCM

mixture
Liquid: Add 5 drops
Procedure:
Fill Test tube full with Hexane/DCM shake
Test tube.
Solubility: Soluble (S) / Partially Soluble (PS) / Insoluble (I)

Density:
Heavier (H) / Lighter (L)
Reactivity: Effervescence / Temp. Change (increase or decrease) /
Color change
Polymerization - mixture turns to a gel
Insoluble and more dense than Hexane/DCM, classify as:

Halogenated Organic
Soluble in H2O & Insoluble in Hexane/DCM, classify it as: Inorganic
Soluble in Hexane/DCM, classify as: Organic
Note: Ignitability Tests may provide further information
26
TA #10: BaseNeutral
Base-Neutral is a general classification given to a compound that exhibits negative

TA results to all of the ChemCat TAs (with the exception of the water
solubility).
A negative TA reaction indicates either and possibly both:
1. None of the tests were the correct ones to indicate its chemical
properties
2. The TA gave a false negative result.
Careful adherence to QA/QC procedures will help eliminate false negatives
27
TA #11: Oxidizer
Oxidizer
a material such as a chlorate, permanganate or
nitrate that yields oxygen, either
at ambient conditions
or when exposed to heat, to readily stimulate the
combustion of organic matter (i.e. burn).
Note: Oxidizers may violently react with other
oxidizers
Such as: hypochlorites [pool chlorine] &
chlorocyauranates [also, pool chlorine]
28
TA #11: Oxidizer
Required Materials: Ceramic Spot Plate,
Starch-Iodide Strips & White Vinegar
Procedure:
Solids: Use a sample the size of a match head
Liquids: 2 drops
Figure 9.
Oxidizer TA#11.
Using the Ceramic Spot Plate:

Place Starch-Iodide strip onto ceramic spot plate
Add 2 drops White Vinegar onto strip
Add 2 drops from the H2O soluble TA onto TA strip
or two drops if sample is a liquid
A Blue-Black color change is positive for an Oxidizer

QA/QC: Add several drops of Oxidizer TA solution to the strip.
A positive reaction is indicated by an immediate blue-black color
change
29
TA #11: Oxidizer
Common TA color reactions:
Turns black immediately then quickly returns to white: very strong
oxidizer
(possibilities: hypochlorites, hypobromites & concentrated Nitric
acid.
Turns black or dark purple immediately: strong oxidizer.
Turns blue or dark purple within a few seconds: Potentially very
hazardous
chemical (possibilities: certain organic peroxides or metal
nitrates).
Turns blue or purple after a certain amount of time: possibly a weak
oxidizer
Note: (treat
If a sulfide
is present,
the odor
rotten eggs
will fluids
be apparent
&
as a negative
some
old of
solvents,
radiator
or
a yellow
may appear.
metal precipitate
salts can cause
a false negative) treat this as a
negative
30
TA #12 (optional):
Pesticide
Required Materials: TA Ticket
Procedure:
Positive Test:
white
Negative Test:
Positive
Disc on the Ticket will turns

Disc remains Blue
Negative
31
ChemCat Spreadsheet
32
ChemCat Training
Part 2:
Hands-on CHEMCAT
Training
How It Works the good stuf
James D. Hawkins
(419) 260 4447
CHEMIST.ENVIRONMENTAL@GMAIL.COM
33
ChemCat Training / Instructor: James Hawkins / email: chemist.environmental@gmail.com / cell (419) 260-4447

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Hands-on CHEMCAT

Ever respond to an incident like this ?

Lake City, FL - Acid Tanker Explosion

HAZMAT responses are

ChemCat System skills

ChemCat Training / Hawkins Environmental / email: chemist.environmental@gmail.com

ChemCat Training / Hawkins Environmental / email: chemist.environmental@gmail.com

What is a Hazardous Waste?

WASTE also applies to these

Illegally or Improperly disposed drums

Recyclables or Useful materials

What is CHEMCAT testing?

CHEMCAT testing is a field expedient method of identifying

1. Radioactive (DO FIRST)

What is beyond the scope of ChemCat

CHEMCAT analysis in a lab trailer

Perform a Visual Inspection of the

Tip: Reference color by number on spreadsheet

Drum Sampling Data Sheet (field data portion)

Perform ChemCat Quality Control (QC) TAs ON-SITE for:

Common Halogens: Freon, DCM & Carbon Tetrachloride.

Required Materials: Copper wire, Propane torch &

QA/QC: Cut a small

ChemCat Training / Hawkins Environmental / email: chemist.environmental@gmail.com

Fill Test tube full with water

Liquid: Add 5 drops

Required Materials: Test tube and water

Polymerization - mixture turns to a gel

If liquid, Insoluble, and Heavier than water, it may be a halogen

Temp. increase - Acid (Sulfuric acid)

HINT: Solid pesticides dissolved in soapy water

Peroxides are particularly dangerous compounds & are strong

QA/QC: Dip Peroxide strip in 3% Hydrogen peroxide solution

TIP: Store Peroxide strips in the Freezer

Required Materials: Sulfide Test Strips

The odor of rotten eggs (H2S) is a preliminary indicator of sulfides

Required Materials: Cyanide TA Strips & test tube

Positive Cyanide TA strip reaction turns blue

Required Materials: Test tube & Hexane/DCM

Solubility: Soluble (S) / Partially Soluble (PS) / Insoluble (I)

Polymerization - mixture turns to a gel

Insoluble and more dense than Hexane/DCM, classify as:

Base-Neutral is a general classification given to a compound that exhibits negative

Careful adherence to QA/QC procedures will help eliminate false negatives

Using the Ceramic Spot Plate:

A Blue-Black color change is positive for an Oxidizer

Required Materials: TA Ticket

Disc on the Ticket will turns

ChemCat Training / Hawkins Environmental / email: chemist.environmental@gmail.com

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