2

PREPARAO DE SOLUES
1- OBJETIVOS:
- Aperfeioar a tcnica de pesagem;
- Aperfeioar a tcnica de transferncia de volumes;
- Aperfeioar a tcnica de preparo de solues;
- Aperfeioar clculos.
2- FUNDAMENTOS TERICOS:
Solues so misturas de duas ou mais substncias que apresentam um aspecto uniforme,
ou seja, so misturas homogneas. Elas so formadas por um ou mais solutos (substncias
dissolvidas) e um solvente, que a substncia presente em maior quantidade e que dissolve as
outras substncias.
Podemos estabelecer diferentes relaes entre a quantidade de soluto, de solvente e de
soluo. Tais relaes so denominadas genericamente concentraes.
2.1- CONCENTRAO COMUM (C):
Tambm chamada concentrao em g/L (grama por litro), relaciona a massa do soluto em
gramas com o volume da soluo em litros.
C = m1/V
2.2- CONCENTRAO EM QUANTIDADE DE MATRIA (M):
Cientificamente, mais usual esta concentrao, que relaciona a quantidade de soluto
(mol) com o volume da soluo, geralmente em litros. Sua unidade mol/L:
n1
M= V
2.3- TTULO ():
Pode relacionar a massa de soluto com a massa da soluo ou o volume do soluto com o
volume da soluo.
m1
v1
= m1+ m2 e = v1+ v 2
O ttulo em massa no tem unidade, pois uma diviso de dois valores de massa (massa
do soluto pela massa da soluo), e as unidades se cancelam. Como a massa e o volume de
soluto nunca podero ser maiores que os da prpria soluo, o valor do ttulo nunca ser
maior que 1.
Multiplicando o ttulo por 100, teremos a porcentagem em massa ou em volume de soluto
na soluo (% m/m):
% m/m = .100

2.4- DENSIDADE DA SOLUO (d):

Relaciona a massa e o volume da soluo (g/mL):
m
d= v

3- MATERIAIS, VIDRARIAS, UTENSLIOS E EQUIPAMENTOS:

- 3 Becker de 250 mL;
- 2 Becker de 100 mL;
- 1 Becker de 50 mL;
- 1 Proveta de 50 mL;
- 1 Balo volumtrico de 250 mL;
- 1 Pipeta volumtrica de 15 mL;
- 1 Pipeta volumtrica de 10 mL;
- 2 Funis analticos sem ranhura;
- 1 Esptulas metlica tipo canaleta;
- 2 Bastes de plstico;
- 2 Pissetas de 500 mL;
- 2 Peras de suco;
- 2 Frascos para reagente;
- 2 Etiqueta de identificao;
- 1 Suporte para pipetas;
- Papel absorvente;
- Balana semi-analtica (Marte, 110 v).
4- REAGENTES E AMOSTRAS:
- gua deionizada (H2O);
- Cloreto de sdio comercial (NaCl).
5- PROCEDIMENTO:
5.1- SOLUO COM CONCENTRAO %m/v:
- Pesar 10g de cloreto de sdio em uma balana semi-analtica com um Becker de 250
mL;
- Adicionar 50 mL de gua deionizada ao Becker com o auxlio de uma proveta de 50 mL;
- Homogeneizar com basto de plstico;
- Fazer lavagem qumica de um frasco para reagente;
- Transferir a soluo para o frasco com ajuda de um funil analtico com ranhura e do
basto de plstico;
- Calcular a concentrao da soluo em %m/v;
- Rotular o frasco;
- Transferir um pouco de soluo para um Becker de 100 mL e fazer lavagem qumica;
- Fazer lavagem qumica de uma pipeta volumtrica de 15 mL;

- Transferir 15 mL com a pipeta volumtrica e uma pera de suco para um Becker de 100
mL na balana semi-analtica;
- Anotar dados;
- Calcular a densidade da soluo;
- Com o valor da concentrao em % m/v e o valor da densidade, calcular a concentrao
da soluo preparada em % m/m.
5.2- SOLUO COM CONCENTRAO %m/m:
- Pesar 15g de cloreto de sdio necessrio para preparar 150g de uma soluo 10% m/m,
pesar em uma balana semi-analtica com um Becker de 250 ml;
- Adicionar gua deionizada ao Becker ainda na balana com ajuda do pissete, at atingir
150g;
- Levar a bancada e homogeneizar com basto de plstico;
- Fazer lavagem qumica de um frasco para reagente;
- Transferir a soluo para o frasco com ajuda de um funil analtico com ranhura e do
basto de plstico;
- Rotular o frasco;
- Transferir um pouco de soluo para um Becker de 100 mL e fazer lavagem qumica;
- Fazer lavagem qumica de uma pipeta volumtrica de 10 mL;
- Transferir 10 mL com a pipeta volumtrica para um Becker de 250 mL na balana semianaltica;
- Anotar dados;
- Calcular a densidade da soluo;
- Com o valor da concentrao em % m/m e o valor da densidade, calcular a concentrao
da soluo preparada em % m/v.
6- REAES:
- Sem reaes.
7- CLCULOS E\OU RESULTADOS:
7.1- SOLUO COM CONCENTRAO %m/v:
- Clculo para achar concentrao %m/v:
- 250 mL de soluo
{10gm -NaCl
100 mL de soluo

m = 4g de NaCl 4%m/v

- Clculo para achar densidade da soluo:

d=

m
v

15,30
d = 15

d = 1,02g/mL

- Clculo para achar concentrao em % m/m:

de soluo - 1 mL de soluo
{m1,02g
- 100 mL de soluo

- 102g de soluo
{ 4gm- de100gsoluto
de soluo

m = 102g de soluo

m = 3,92g de soluto -> 3,92% m/m

7.2- SOLUO COM CONCENTRAO %m/m:

- Clculo para achar massa de soluto necessria para preparo de 150g de soluo a 10%
m/m:
de soluto - 100g de soluo
{ 10g
m - 150g de soluo

m = 15g de soluto para 150g de soluo.

- Clculo para achar densidade da soluo:

d=

m
v

10,68
d = 10,0

d = 1,07g/mL

- Clculo para achar concentrao em % m/v:

1,07g de soluo - 1 mL de soluo
{100g
de soluo - v

v = 93,5 mL de soluo

de soluto - 93,5 mL de soluo

{ 10g
m - 100 mL de soluo

m = 10,7g de soluto -> 10,7% m/v

8- CONCLUSES:
- Foi possvel relembrar as tcnicas de pesagem e preparo de solues, assim como seus
clculos.
9- ESQUEMA:

10- ATIVIDADES DE VERIFICAO:

1. Calcule:
a. O volume do soluto para preparar 150 mL de uma soluo de 15% v/v.
b. O volume do soluto e do solvente para preparar 200 mL de uma soluo
aquosa de 30% v/v.
c. A massa do soluto para preparar 150g de uma soluo de 15% m/m.
d. A massa do soluto e do solvente para preparar 450g de uma soluo aquosa de
20% m/m.
e. A massa de gua e do soluto para preparar 200g de uma soluo de 10% m/v.
f. A massa do soluto para preparar 250 mL de uma soluo com concentrao de
10% m/v.
g. A massa do soluto para preparar 500 mL de uma soluo com concentrao de
20% m/v.
h. A massa de NaOH para preparar 250 mL de uma soluo com concentrao de
0,1 mol/L.
i. A massa de NaCl para preparar 500 mL de uma soluo com concentrao de
0,02 mol/L.
j. A concentrao em g/L e em % m/v de uma soluo de NaOH 2 mol/L.
k. A massa de soluto para preparar 0,5L de uma soluo de 15g/L.
2. Calcular a partir das substncias:
a. HNO3 (conc), d = 1,42g/mL 69% m/m

Concentrao em mol/L do reagente concentrado;

O volume para preparar 500 mL de sol. 2M;
O volume para preparar 250 mL de sol. 20% m/v;
O volume para preparar 1L de sol. 30g/L;
A massa para preparar 150g de sol. 15% m/m.

b. H3PO4 (conc), d = 1,7g/mL 85% m/m

Concentrao em mol/L do reagente concentrado;

O volume para preparar 500 mL de sol. 0,2 mol/L;
O volume para preparar 500 mL de sol. 20% m/v;
O volume para preparar 0,5L de sol. 5g/L;
A massa para preparar 80g de sol. 10% m/m.

c. NH4OH (conc), d = 0,910g/mL 25% m/m em NH3

A concentrao em mols de NH3/L, do reagente concentrado;

O volume para preparar 500 mL de sol. 0,5 mol/L;
O volume para preparar 250 mL de sol. 10% m/v;
O volume para preparar 0,5L de sol. 5g/L.

d. H2SO4 (conc), d = 1,84g/mL 96% m/m

Concentrao em mol/L do reagente concentrado;

O volume para preparar 500 mL de sol. 0,2 mol/L;
O volume para preparar 500 mL de sol. 20% m/v;
O volume para preparar 0,5L de sol. 5g/L;
A massa para preparar 80g de sol. 10% m/m.

e. HCL (conc), d = 1,19g/mL 37% m/m

Concentrao em mol/L do reagente concentrado;

O volume para preparar 500 mL de sol. 0,2 mol/L;
O volume para preparar 500 mL de sol. 20% m/v;
O volume para preparar 0,5L de sol. 5g/L;
A massa para preparar 80g de sol. 10% m/m.

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REFERNCIAS BIBLIOGRFICAS
- Brasil Escola, disponvel em: < http://www.brasilescola.com/quimica/titulo-ouporcentagem-massa.htm >, acessado em 11 de fevereiro de 2016;
- Brasil Escola, disponvel em: < http://www.brasilescola.com/quimica/concentracaomol-l-ou-molaridade.htm >, acessado em 11 de fevereiro de 2016.

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