Technicaltraining.

Productinformation.
G12Powertrain

BMWService

Generalinformation
Symbolsused
Thefollowingsymbolisusedinthisdocumenttofacilitatebettercomprehensionortodrawattention
toveryimportantinformation:

Containsimportantsafetyinformationandinformationthatneedstobeobservedstrictlyinorderto
guaranteethesmoothoperationofthesystem.
Informationstatusandnational-marketversions
BMWGroupvehiclesmeettherequirementsofthehighestsafetyandqualitystandards.Changes
inrequirementsforenvironmentalprotection,customerbenefitsanddesignrendernecessary
continuousdevelopmentofsystemsandcomponents.Consequently,theremaybediscrepancies
betweenthecontentsofthisdocumentandthevehiclesavailableinthetrainingcourse.
ThisdocumentbasicallyrelatestotheEuropeanversionoflefthanddrivevehicles.Someoperating
elementsorcomponentsarearrangeddifferentlyinright-handdrivevehiclesthanshowninthe
graphicsinthisdocument.Furtherdifferencesmayariseastheresultoftheequipmentspecificationin
specificmarketsorcountries.
Additionalsourcesofinformation
Furtherinformationontheindividualtopicscanbefoundinthefollowing:

Owner'sHandbook

IntegratedServiceTechnicalApplication.

Contact:conceptinfo@bmw.de
2015BMWAG,Munich
ReprintsofthispublicationoritspartsrequirethewrittenapprovalofBMWAG,Munich
Theinformationcontainedinthisdocumentformsanintegralpartofthetechnicaltrainingofthe
BMWGroupandisintendedforthetrainerandparticipantsintheseminar.Refertothelatestrelevant
informationsystemsoftheBMWGroupforanychanges/additionstothetechnicaldata.
Contact:
SebastianRiedel
Tel.:+49(0)8938265044
E-mail:sebastian.rs.riedel@bmw.de
Informationstatus:May2015
BV-72/TechnicalTraining

G12Powertrain
Contents
1.

Introduction............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 1
1.1.
Developmentcode...............................................................................................................................................................................................1
1.2.
History...................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 1
1.2.1.
PowertrainvariantsE23............................................................................................................................................. 1
1.2.2.
PowertrainvariantsE32............................................................................................................................................. 2
1.2.3.
PowertrainvariantsE38............................................................................................................................................. 3
1.2.4.
DrivevariantsE65/E66................................................................................................................................................ 4
1.2.5.
DrivevariantsF01/F02................................................................................................................................................ 4

2.

DriveVariants.......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................6
2.1.
Models..................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 7
2.2.
Enginedesignation............................................................................................................................................................................................. 8

3.

GasolineEngines.......................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 9
3.1.
BMW740i.......................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 9
3.1.1.
Technicaldata........................................................................................................................................................................10
3.1.2.
HighlightsoftheB58engine........................................................................................................................ 12
3.1.3.
Systemwiringdiagram............................................................................................................................................13
3.2.
BMW750i..................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 15
3.2.1.
Technicaldata........................................................................................................................................................................16
3.2.2.
HighlightsoftheN63TU2engine......................................................................................................... 18
3.2.3.
Systemwiringdiagram............................................................................................................................................19
3.3.
Airintakeandexhaustemissionsystems...................................................................................................................21
3.3.1.
AirintakeductinB58engine.......................................................................................................................21
3.3.2.
AirintakeductinN63TU2engine........................................................................................................ 23
3.3.3.
Exhaustemissionsystem................................................................................................................................... 25

4.

Cooling.........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................30
4.1.
Activeair-flapcontrol.................................................................................................................................................................................. 30
4.2.
Systemwiringdiagram............................................................................................................................................................................. 32

5.

Fuel Supply......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 34
5.1.
gasolineengine.....................................................................................................................................................................................................34
5.2.
Systemwiringdiagram............................................................................................................................................................................. 36

6.

EngineElectricalSystem.......................................................................................................................................................................................... 38
6.1.
Enginecontrolunit.......................................................................................................................................................................................... 38
6.1.1.
NanoMQSplugconnections....................................................................................................................... 38
6.1.2.
ControlunitcodeforDigitalMotorElectronicsDME.............................................. 40
6.1.3.
Specialtools.............................................................................................................................................................................41
6.2.
Automaticenginestart/stopfunction................................................................................................................................ 42

G12Powertrain
Contents
6.2.1.
6.2.2.
6.2.3.
6.2.4.
6.2.5.
6.2.6.
6.2.7.
6.2.8.
6.2.9.
6.2.10.

6.3.

Automaticmode................................................................................................................................................................ 44
Driving................................................................................................................................................................................................ 44
Stopping......................................................................................................................................................................................... 45
Pullaway.......................................................................................................................................................................................... 46
Automaticenginestart-stopfunctionstoponuphillgradients.................47
Comfortconcept............................................................................................................................................................... 48
Startstrategy.......................................................................................................................................................................... 48
Reflexstartintheeventofachangeinmind....................................................................... 50
Automaticenginestopatdriverrequest.................................................................................... 51
Manoeuvrabilityforautomaticenginestart-stopfunctioncoastingor
stop......................................................................................................................................................................................................... 51
6.2.11. Switch-offinhibitors.................................................................................................................................................... 51
6.2.12. Switch-onprompts........................................................................................................................................................52
ActiveSoundDesign(ASD)............................................................................................................................................................. 52

7.

AutomaticTransmission............................................................................................................................................................................................. 54
7.1.
Transmissionvariants................................................................................................................................................................................. 54
7.2.
Highlights........................................................................................................................................................................................................................55
7.3.
Description................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 55
7.4.
Technicaldata......................................................................................................................................................................................................... 56
7.5.
Shiftmatrix................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 57
7.6.
Torqueconverterwithcentrifugalpendulum.........................................................................................................58
7.7.
Sportautomatictransmission....................................................................................................................................................... 62
7.7.1.
LaunchControl.................................................................................................................................................................... 62
7.7.2.
Functionalenhancementsoftheshiftpaddles.................................................................63
7.8.
ConnectedShift..................................................................................................................................................................................................... 65
7.8.1.
Useofthenavigationdata................................................................................................................................ 65
7.8.2.
Useofradar.............................................................................................................................................................................. 66
7.8.3.
Characteristicsandavailability.................................................................................................................... 68
7.9.
Newfunctions......................................................................................................................................................................................................... 68
7.9.1.
Transmissionbehaviorwhendrivingoff...................................................................................... 68
7.9.2.
SteppedSportshiftmode................................................................................................................................. 68
7.10.
Transmissionemergencyrelease............................................................................................................................................ 70
7.10.1. Mechanicaltransmissionemergencyrelease..................................................................... 70
7.10.2. Electronictransmissionemergencyrelease......................................................................... 71
7.11.
Towing................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 73
7.12.
Systemwiringdiagram............................................................................................................................................................................. 75

8.

Four-WheelDrive...................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 77
8.1.
Overviewofall-wheeldrivesystems.................................................................................................................................. 77
8.2.
NewfeaturesinxDrive.............................................................................................................................................................................. 80

G12Powertrain
Contents
8.3.
8.4.

8.5.
8.6.

8.7.
9.

FunctionaldescriptionofxDrive................................................................................................................................................ 82
EfficiencyMode................................................................................................................................................................................................... 84
8.4.1.
Oilstop............................................................................................................................................................................................. 86
8.4.2.
Oilreservoir............................................................................................................................................................................... 87
Operatingstrategy........................................................................................................................................................................................... 88
8.5.1.
Determinationofthewheelslip................................................................................................................ 90
NotesforService............................................................................................................................................................................................... 93
8.6.1.
Oilchangefortransferbox............................................................................................................................... 95
8.6.2.
Classificationofthetransferbox............................................................................................................. 95
Systemwiringdiagram............................................................................................................................................................................. 97

DriveShaftsandDifferential.............................................................................................................................................................................. 99
9.1.
Four-wheeldrive................................................................................................................................................................................................. 99
9.1.1.
xDrivedriveshaft.............................................................................................................................................................. 99
9.1.2.
xDrivefrontaxledifferential......................................................................................................................... 100
9.1.3.
FrontoutputshaftsofxDrive.................................................................................................................... 101
9.2.
Rear-wheeldrive............................................................................................................................................................................................. 102
9.2.1.
Driveshafts............................................................................................................................................................................102
9.2.2.
Rearaxlefinaldrive...................................................................................................................................................103
9.2.3.
Rearoutputshafts..................................................................................................................................................... 104

G12Powertrain
1.Introduction
Thistrainingreferencemanualcontainsinformationaboutthedifferentengineandtransmission
variantsofthenewBMW7Series.Thetrainingreferencemanualalsocoversthespecialfeatures
relatingtofuelpreparationandthedrivetrain.
Thecontentofthistrainingreferencemanualbuildsontheknowledgefromthereferenceinformation
forthedifferentengines.Thisdocumentdoesnotdealwiththefundamentaltechnicalfunctionsofthe
engines.

1.1.Developmentcode
ThenewBMW7SeriesG12willbelaunchedonthemarketfromOctober2015.Apartfromthe
differentbodyversions,therearenotechnicaldistinguishingfeaturesinthedrivearea.

1.2.History
ThefollowingtableprovidesanoverviewofthedifferentBMW7Seriesmodelsofthepastyears.
NotallmodelswereavailablefortheUS.

1.2.1.PowertrainvariantsE23

BMW7SeriesE23

G12Powertrain
1.Introduction
Productionperiod1977-1979
Models

Engine
code

Design Displacement PowerinkW(HP)

incm

TorqueinNm

728

M30B28

R6

2788

125(170)at
5800rpm

238at4000rpm

730

M30B30

R6

2985

135(184)at
5800rpm

260at3500rpm

733i

M30B32

R6

3205

145(197)at
5500rpm

280at4300rpm

Productionperiod1979-1986
Models

Engine
code

Design Displacement PowerinkW(HP)

incm

725i

M30B25

R6

2494

110(150)at5500rpm

215at4000rpm

728i

M30B28

R6

2788

135(184)at5800rpm

240at4200rpm

732i

M30B32

R6

3210

145(197)at5500rpm

285at4300rpm

735i

M30B34

R6

3430

160(218)at5200rpm

310at4000rpm

M30B32

R6

3210

185(252)at5200rpm

380at2600rpm

M30B34

R6

3430

185(252)at4900rpm

380at2200rpm

745i
745i
*

Turbochargedengine.

1.2.2.PowertrainvariantsE32

BMW7SeriesE32

TorqueinNm

G12Powertrain
1.Introduction
Productionperiod1986-1994
Models

Engine
code

Design Displacement PowerinkW(HP)

incm

TorqueinNm

735i

M30B35

R6

3430

155(211)at
5700rpm

305at4000rpm

740i/iL

M60B40

V8

3982

210(286)at
5800rpm

400at4500rpm

750i/iL

M70B50

V12

4988

220(300)at
5200rpm

450at4100rpm

1.2.3.PowertrainvariantsE38

BMW7SeriesE38

Productionperiod1994-2001
Models

Engine
code

Design Displacement PowerinkW(HP)

incm

TorqueinNm

740i/iL

M60B40

V8

3982

210(286)at
5800rpm

400at4500rpm

740i/iL

M62B44

V8

4398

210(286)at
5400rpm

420at3900rpm

740i/iL

M62B44

V8

4398

210(286)at
5400rpm

440at3600rpm

750i/iL

M73B54

V12

5379

240(326)at
5000rpm

490at3900rpm

740d

M67D40

V8

3901

180(245)at
4000rpm

560from1750rpm

G12Powertrain
1.Introduction
1.2.4.DrivevariantsE65/E66

BMW7SeriesE65

Productionperiod2001-2008
Models

Engine
code

Design Displacement PowerinkW(HP)

incm

745i/iL

N62B44

V8

4398

245(333)at
6100rpm

450at3600rpm

750i/iL

N62B48O1

V8

4799

270(367)at
6300rpm

490at3400rpm

760i/iL

N73B60

V12

5972

327(445)at
6000rpm

600at3950rpm

1.2.5.DrivevariantsF01/F02

BMW7SeriesF01

TorqueinNm

G12Powertrain
1.Introduction
Productionperiodsince2008
Models

Engine
code

Design Displacement PowerinkW(HP)

incm

TorqueinNm

740i/Li

N54B30O0

R6

2979

240(326)at
5800rpm

450from1500rpm

740i/Li
(xDrive)

N55B30O0

R6

2979

235(320)at
5800rpm

450from1300rpm

750i/Li
(xDrive)

N63B44O0

V8

4395

300(407)from
5500rpm

600from1750rpm

750i/Li
(xDrive)

N63B44O1

V8

4395

330(450)from
5500rpm

650from2000rpm

760i/Li

N74B60U0

V12

5972

400(544)from
5250rpm

750from1500rpm

740d
(xDrive)

N57D30T0

R6

2993

225(306)at
4400rpm

600from1500rpm

G12Powertrain
2.DriveVariants
Likethepredecessor,theG12isalsooptionallyavailablewithall-wheeldrive.Forthemarket
introduction,itispossibletochoosebetween6and8-cylinderengines.Furtherengineswillfollow
atalaterdate.
The6-cylinderengineisanewlydevelopedgasolineengineofthemodularfamily(B-engines)which
havetheirseriesintroductionintheF30LCIandG12.
The8-cylindergasolineengineN63TU2hasalsobeenrevampedforthesecondtimeandalsohas
itsseriesintroductionintheG12.
AllenginescomplywiththeexhaustemissionstandardULEVII.Lowerexhaustemissionstandards.

OverviewofdriveinG12

Index

Explanation

Engine

Automatictransmission

TransferboxVTG(onlyforxDrive)

Driveshaft

Outputshaft,rear

G12Powertrain
2.DriveVariants
Index

Explanation

Rearaxledifferential

Driveshaft(onlyforxDrive)

Frontoutputshaft(onlyforxDrive)

Frontaxledifferential(onlyforxDrive)

2.1.Models
ThefollowingmodelvariantsareavailableforthemarketintroductionoftheG12.
G12

Drive

Transmission

740i

6-cylindergasolineengine

8HPTUautomatictransmission

750i

8-cylindergasolineengine

8HPTUautomatictransmission

750ixDrive

8-cylindergasolineengine

8HPTUautomatictransmission

G12Powertrain
2.DriveVariants
2.2.Enginedesignation
Thefollowingtableprovidesanoverviewofthecompositionofthedifferentenginecodes.

Position

Meaning

Index

Explanation

Enginedeveloper

M,N,B
P
S
W

BMWGroup
BMWMSport
BMWMGmbH
Bought-inengines

Enginetype

3
4
5
6
7

3-cylinderin-lineengine(e.g.B38)
4-cylinderin-lineengine(e.g.B48)
6-cylinderin-lineengine(e.g.B58)
V8engine(e.g.N63)
V12engine(e.g.N74)

Changetothebasicengine
concept

0
19

Basicengine
Changes,e.g.combustionprocess

Workingmethodorfueltypeand
possiblyinstallationposition

A
B
C
D
H
K

gasoline,transversemounted
gasoline,longitudinallymounted
Diesel,transversemounted
Diesel,longitudinallymounted
Hydrogen
gasoline,horizontalmounting

5+6

Displacementin1/10liter

12
15
20
30
40
44
60

1,2l
1.5L
2.0L
3,0L
4,0L
4,4L
6,0L

Performanceclass

K
U
M
O
T
S

Lowest
Lower
Middle
Upper
Top
Super

Revisionrelevanttoapproval

0
19

Newdevelopment
Redesign

G12Powertrain
3.GasolineEngines
TheB58andN63TU2enginesareinstalledinthenewG12.Thefollowingtableprovidesinformation
onthedifferentvariants.
Models

Engine
code

Design Displacement PowerinkW(HP)

incm

TorqueinNm(lb-ft)

740i

B58B30M0

R6

2998

240(320)from
5500rpm

450(330)from
1380rpm

750i
(xDrive)

N63B44O2

V8

4395

330(445)from
5500rpm

650(480)from
1380rpm

3.1.BMW740i

OverviewofenginecompartmentofB58engineintheG12

Index

Explanation

Enginedesigncover

Integratedsupplymodule

DigitalMotorElectronics(DME)

Cowlpanelcover
9

G12Powertrain
3.GasolineEngines
Index

Explanation

Frontaxlesupportbearing

Expansiontankforthehigh-temperaturecoolantcircuit

Expansiontankforthelow-temperaturecoolantcircuit

Two-locksystem

Frontstrutbraces

10

Coverforcoolingpackage

11

Resonator

12

Intakesilencer

13

Jumpstartterminalpoint

14

12Vbattery(vehicleelectricalsystemsupport)

15

Fillerneckforwasherfluidreservoir

3.1.1.Technicaldata
Technicaldata

Unit/standard

Operatingmode

B58B30M0
*

TVDI

Firingorder

1-5-3-6-2-4

Bore

mm

82

Stroke

mm

94,6

[]

11:1

RON

91-100

Compressionratio
Permittedfuel
DigitalMotorElectronics
Emissionstandards
*

TVDI:

T=Turbo

V=Valvetronic

D=Direct

I=Injection.

10

DME8.6
ULEVII

G12Powertrain
3.GasolineEngines

Full-loaddiagramforB58B30M0

11

G12Powertrain
3.GasolineEngines
3.1.2.HighlightsoftheB58engine

B58engine

Valvetronic4thgeneration

Heatmanagementmodule

Intakeairsystemwithintegratedchargeaircooler

Twin-scrollturbochargerwithelectricalwastegatevalvecontroller

NewDigitalMotorElectronics(DME)8.6

FurtherinformationontheB58B30M0engineisprovidedintheTechnicalTrainingManualST1505
B58Engine.

12

G12Powertrain
3.GasolineEngines
3.1.3.Systemwiringdiagram

SystemwiringdiagramofB58engineintheG12

13

G12Powertrain
3.GasolineEngines
Index

Explanation

DigitalMotorElectronics(DME)

Electricfan

Relayforelectricfan

Powerdistributionbox,enginecompartment

Pinionstarter

Airconditioningcompressor

CANterminator6

CANterminator5

CANterminator4

10

BodyDomainController(BDC)

11

IntelligentBatterySensor(IBS)

12

Rearrightpowerdistributionbox

13

Electricalexhaustflap

14

Fuelpumpcontrol(FPC)

15

Tankleakdiagnosis(NaturalVacuumLeakDetectionNVLD)

16

CrashSafetyModule(ACSM)

17

Instrumentpanel(KOMBI)

18

Integratedsupplymodule,acceleratorpedalmodule(FPM)

19

DynamicStabilityControl(DSC)

20

Integratedsupplymodule

21

Rearpowerdistributionbox

14

G12Powertrain
3.GasolineEngines
3.2.BMW750i

OverviewofenginecompartmentofN63TU2engineintheG12

Index

Explanation

Enginedesigncover

Cowlpanelcover

Frontaxlesupportbearing

Expansiontankforthehigh-temperaturecoolantcircuit

DigitalMotorElectronics(DME)I

Two-locksystem

Resonator

Frontstrutbraces

Indirectchargeaircooler

10

Coverforcoolingpackage

11

Expansiontankforthelow-temperaturecoolantcircuit

12

Integratedsupplymodule
15

G12Powertrain
3.GasolineEngines
Index

Explanation

13

DigitalMotorElectronics(DME)II

14

Jumpstartterminalpoint

15

12Vbattery(vehicleelectricalsystemsupport)

16

Fillerneckforwasherfluidreservoir

3.2.1.Technicaldata
*

TVDI:

T=Turbo

V=Valvetronic

D=Direct

I=Injection.

16

G12Powertrain
3.GasolineEngines

FullloaddiagramN63B44O2engine

17

G12Powertrain
3.GasolineEngines
3.2.2.HighlightsoftheN63TU2engine

N63TU2engine

Map-controlledoilpump

Twin-scrollturbochargerwithelectricalwastegatevalvecontroller

EnginetemperaturemanagementSplit-Cooling-Combinedcoolingsystem(SCC)

Engineoil/coolantheatexchangerintegratedintheV-space

Newcoolant-cooledDigitalMotorElectronics(DME)8.8

FurtherinformationontheN63B44O2engineisprovidedintheTechnicalTrainingManualST1511
N63TU2Engine.

18

G12Powertrain
3.GasolineEngines
3.2.3.Systemwiringdiagram

SystemwiringdiagramofN63TU2engineintheG12

19

G12Powertrain
3.GasolineEngines
Index

Explanation

DigitalMotorElectronics(DME)II

Electricfan

Temperaturesensor

Relayforelectricfan

DigitalMotorElectronics(DME)I

Powerdistributionbox,enginecompartment

Integratedsupplymodule

CANterminator4

BodyDomainController(BDC)

10

CANterminator5

11

IntelligentBatterySensor(IBS)

12

Rearrightpowerdistributionbox

13

Electricalexhaustflap,right

14

Electricalexhaustflap,left

15

Fuelpumpcontrol(FPC)

16

Electricfuelpump

17

Tankleakdiagnosis(NaturalVacuumLeakDetectionNVLD)

18

Gearselectorswitch(GWS)

19

CrashSafetyModule(ASCM)

20

Instrumentpanel(KOMBI)

21

DynamicStabilityControl(DSC)

22

Acceleratorpedalmodule

23

Electronictransmissioncontrol(EGS)

24

Airconditioningcompressor

25

Pinionstarter

20

G12Powertrain
3.GasolineEngines
3.3.Airintakeandexhaustemissionsystems
3.3.1.AirintakeductinB58engine

AirintakeductofB58engineintheG12

Index

Explanation

Unfilteredairintakewithgrille

Two-branchairintakeduct

Intakesilencer

Cleanairpipe

Broadbandsilencer

21

G12Powertrain
3.GasolineEngines
Index

Explanation

Resonator

Connectionforblow-bygasline

Combinedchargingpressureandtemperaturesensor

Chargeairhosedownstreamofchargeaircooler

Resonator
Thepulsatingairflowoftherotatingengineisdampedintheairintakeductbyusingresonators.
TheB58engineoftheG12hasatotalof2resonators.
Broadbandsilencer
Ifablow-offvalveisnolongerusedonturboengines,atransienthigh-frequencynoiseoccurs
whentheengineloadisreduced.Thisiscausedbytheturbochargerpressureontheintakeside.
Broadbandsilencersarematchedtothistoafrequencyofapproximately3kHztoeliminateit.

22

G12Powertrain
3.GasolineEngines
3.3.2.AirintakeductinN63TU2engine

AirintakeductofN63TU2engineintheG12

Index

Explanation

Unfilteredairintakewithgrille

Unfilteredairpipe

Resonator

Connectionforblow-bygasline

23

G12Powertrain
3.GasolineEngines
Index

Explanation

Intakesilencer(leftandright)

Cleanairgaiter

Cleanairpipe

Chargeairhosedownstreamofchargeaircooler

The8-cylindergasolineenginehasatwo-branchintakesystem.Thisensuresthatthenecessaryair
volumeismadeavailabletotheengineineveryloadrange.

24

G12Powertrain
3.GasolineEngines
3.3.3.Exhaustemissionsystem

ExhaustemissionsystemofgasolineengineintheG12

25

G12Powertrain
3.GasolineEngines
Index

Explanation

B58engine(single-branch)

N63TU2engine(two-branch)

Controlsensor(broadbandoxygensensorLSUADV)

Monitoringsensor(voltagejumpoxygensensorLSFxFour)

Monolith1

Monolith2

3-waycatalyticconverter

Endcouplingelement

Frontsilencer

Centersilencer

Electricallyactivatedexhaustflap

10

Rearsilencer

Specialfeaturesoftheexhaustemissionsystem:

Optimumdesignoftheexhaustsystemwithrespecttotheconflictofgoals
betweenexhaustgascounterpressureandacoustics.

DesignofthesilencerscorrespondstothehighcomfortstandardsoftheG12.

Electricalexhaustflap(s)foracousticswithhighloadfeedbackandpowerful
sounduponacceleration.

Consistentlightweightconstructionthroughbracketdesign,resultinginreduced
numberofattachmentpoints.

Technicaldataoftheexhaustemissionsystem
Exhaustemissionsystem

B58engine

N63TU2engine

2-monolithsystem

2-monolithsystem

Celldensityofmonolith1

600

600

Celldensityofmonolith2

400

400

Volumeoffrontsilencer

5L

5L

Volumeofmiddlesilencer

5L

Volumeofrearsilencer

35L

38L

Numberofelectrically
activatedexhaustflaps

Numberofexhausttailpipes

Integratedinthebody

Integratedinthebody

3-waycatalyticconverter
*

Tailpipetrims

26

G12Powertrain
3.GasolineEngines
Electricallyactivatedexhaustflap

ElectricallyactivatedexhaustflaponB58engineintheG12

Index

Explanation

Exhaustflap

Spring

Electricalexhaustflapactuator

Electricalconnection(4-pin)

Drivepin

Outputpin

Fuse,rearrightpowerdistributionbox

DigitalMotorElectronics(DME)

Theexhaustflapisintegratedintherearsilencer.Theexhaustflapisdrivenviaanelectricmotorwith
integratedtransmissionandelectronics.Theactuatoroftheelectricallyadjustableexhaustflaphas
thefollowingelectricalconnections:

Voltagesupply(+)

Ground(-)

Actuatingwire(PWMsignalline)

Atlowenginespeedandlowload,theexhaustflapallowsthenoiseleveltobesignificantlyreducedby
closingtheexhaustflap.Athighenginespeedandhighload,theexhaustgascounterpressurecanbe
reducedbyopeningtheexhaustflap.

27

G12Powertrain
3.GasolineEngines
TheexhaustflapisactivatedbytheDigitalMotorElectronics(DME)bymeansofapulse-widthmodulatedsignal.Theinputvariablesare:

Enginespeed

Load

Drivingspeed

Theexhaustflapcannottraveltoanintermediatepositionandiseithercompletelyopenorclosed.
Theflapismovedtotherespectivemechanicalendstopsbymeansofpulse-widthmodulatedsignals
(PWMsignals).Thepreferredpositionistheopenpositionintheeventofdetectedfaultsorlossof
activationoraftertheengineisswitchedoff.
Electricalexhaustflap

B58

N63TU2

Installationlocation

right

rightandleft

Pulse-widthmodulated
signalopen

10%dutycycle

10%dutycycle

Pulse-widthmodulated
signalclosed

90%dutycycle

90%dutycycle

Theactuatoroftheelectricalexhaustflapcanbereplacedseparately.Theactuatorcanbemovedtoan
installationpositionusingtheBMWdiagnosissystemISTA.
TheexactpositionoftheexhaustflapisstoredinacharacteristicmapintheDigitalMotorElectronics.
Thefollowingtableprovidesonlyanapproximateoverviewofthedifferentconditionsoftheexhaust
flap.
Engineoperatingpoints

Exhaustflapopen

Exhaustflapclosed

Idling

Lowload

Coasting(overrun)mode

Constant-speeddrivingwith
partialload

Accelerationwithhighload

Fullload

PleasenotethattherightflapontheB58engineandtheouterexhaustflapsontheN63TU2engine
areclosedatidle.Forthisreason,noemissionmeasurementcanbeperformedatthesetailpipes.

28

G12Powertrain
3.GasolineEngines
Tailpipeversions

TailpipeversionsforgasolineengineintheG12

Index

Explanation

6-cylindergasolineengine

8-cylindergasolineengine

ThetailpipetrimsarenotpartoftheexhaustsystemontheG12,butareintegratedintherearbumper.

29

G12Powertrain
4.Cooling
4.1.Activeair-flapcontrol
Thecoolingsurfacesatthefrontofthevehiclecanbeclosedbymeansoftwoseparateairflaps.
Thisreducesthedragcoefficientandthussavesfuel.Afurtheradvantageisfasterheatingupof
theengineafteracoldstart.Itispossibletoreducethecarbondioxideemissionsbyamaximumof
0.8g/km.

AmbientairflowwithclosedairflapsonG12

Thecurrentcoolingairrequirementforenginecooling,brakecoolingandairconditioningis
determinedbytheDigitalMotorElectronics(DME).Theadjustableflapsarethenmovedtothe
properposition.Theairflapsareopenedasrequired.Theflapscanbeadjustedtodifferentpositions.
TheflapsoftheBMWradiatorgrillareopenedonlywhenthereisahighcoolingrequirement.Theflaps
canalsobeclosedathighdrivingspeeds.

AmbientairflowwithopenairflapsonG12

30

G12Powertrain
4.Cooling
Cooling
requirement

Activeair-flapcontrol

Low

Closedattop
Closedatbottom

Low

Closedattop
Partiallyopenatbottom
(1530C/5986F)

medium

Closedattop
Openatbottom

maximum

Openattop
Openatbottom

Positions

Theactiveair-flapcontrolintheG12allowsalargenumberofsettingstobecarriedouttocontrolthe
coolairintakeaccordingtodemand.Boththeupperandlowerairflapsareactivelyopenedorclosed
byaseparateelectricmotor.
31

G12Powertrain
4.Cooling
Theactiveair-flapcontrolhasamoresensitivesensorsystem,whichdetectsandevaluatesmore
temperaturethresholds.Amongotherthings,thefollowinginformationisusedforevaluation:

Coolanttemperature

Airconditioningcondensertemperature

Transmissionoiltemperature

Catalyticconvertertemperature

Chargeairtemperature

Braketemperature

Drivingspeed

4.2.Systemwiringdiagram

Systemwiringdiagramofactiveair-flapcontrolintheG12

Index

Explanation

Enginecontrolunit(DME)

Coolanttemperaturesensor

Activeair-flapcontrol,top

Activeair-flapcontrol,bottom

32

G12Powertrain
4.Cooling
Index

Explanation

Electricfan

Relayforelectricfan

Powerdistributionbox,enginecompartment

Powerdistributionbox,frontright

BodyDomainController(BDC)

10

CANterminator4

11

KOMBI

12

Coolantlevelsensor

33

G12Powertrain
5.FuelSupply
5.1.gasolineengine

SystemoverviewoffuelsupplyforgasolineengineintheG12

Index

Explanation

DigitalMotorElectronics(DME)

Purgeairline,carboncanister

Fuelfeedfromfueltank

Datalinetofuelpumpcontrolmodule

Deliveryunit

Fuelfillerneck

34

G12Powertrain
5.FuelSupply
Index

Explanation

Fuelfillerflap

Rearrightpowerdistributionbox

Carboncanister

10

Fuelpumpcontrol(FPC)

11

Fueltank(78l)

12

Emergencyrelease

13

Freshairfilter

14

NaturalVacuumLeakDetection(NVLD)

15

Ventilationline,carboncanister

16

Tankventilationline

35

G12Powertrain
5.FuelSupply
5.2.Systemwiringdiagram

SystemwiringdiagramforfuelsupplyinG12

36

G12Powertrain
5.FuelSupply
Index

Explanation

Enginecontrolunit(DME)

Instrumentpanel(KOMBI)

CANterminator4

BodyDomainController(BDC)

Rearrightpowerdistributionbox

Fuelpumpcontrol(FPC)

Electricfuelpump

Deliveryunit

Fuellevelsensor,left

10

Fuellevelsensor,right

11

NaturalVacuumLeakDetection(NVLD)

37

G12Powertrain
6.EngineElectricalSystem
6.1.Enginecontrolunit
Anew8thgenerationenginecontrolunitfromBoschisusedintheG12.

6.1.1.NanoMQSplugconnections

8thgenerationenginecontrolunitwithnanoMQSplugconnectionsintheG12

Index

Explanation

NanoMQSplugconnections(MicroQuadloksystem)

Integratedsupplymodule

8thgenerationenginecontrolunit

Vehiclemodule(module100)

Sensormodule1(module200)

Sensormodule2(module300)

Valvetronicorpreheatingcontrol(module400)

Supplymodule(module500)

Ignitionandinjectionmodule(module600)

38

G12Powertrain
6.EngineElectricalSystem
5ofthe6connectormoduleoftheenginecontrolunitareequippedwithananoMQSplugconnection
(MicroQuadloksystem)(see3).
ThenanoMQSplugconnectionoffersthefollowingadvantages:

Lowspacerequirement

Minimummass

Highvibrationresistance

Withaminimumwirecross-sectionof0.13mm0.35mm,thecompactnanoMQSplugconnection
offersasignificantweightadvantagecombinedwithexceptionallygoodvibrationresistance.Asa
resultofthereducedinstallationdimensions,itwaspossibletoreducethespacerequirementonthe
PCboard.ThenanoMQSplugconnectioncanbeoperatedwithcurrentsofuptoamax.3A.

Measurementsonthewiringharnessmustbeperformedexclusivelyusingthemeasuringprocedures
approvedbyBMW.Useoftheincorrecttools,suchasmeasuringprobes,candamagetheplug-in
contacts.
SystemoverviewwithnanoMQSplugconnections
ThefollowingsystemsarealsoequippedwiththenewnanoMQSplugconnection.

Rooffunctioncenter

Reversingcamera

RearSeatEntertainmentsystem

TelematicCommunicationBox(TCB)

Headunit

DigitalMotorElectronicsDME

Camera-basedassistancesystems

Interiorlight

Storageshelfspeakers

39

G12Powertrain
6.EngineElectricalSystem
6.1.2.ControlunitcodeforDigitalMotorElectronicsDME
Thecontrolunitcode(DME8.x.yH)canbeinterpretedasfollows.
Abbreviation Meaning
DME

DigitalMotorElectronics

Controlunitgeneration(modularplatformforgasolineanddieselengines)

Numberofcylindersashexadecimalfigure

Vehicleelectricalsystemarchitecture

Hybridversion

Numberofcylindersashexadecimalfigure:

3=3-cylinderengine

4=4-cylinderengine

6=6-cylinderengine

8=8-cylinderengine

C=12-cylinderengine

Vehicleelectricalsystemarchitecture:

0=Vehicleelectricalsystemversion1(largeseries)

1=Vehicleelectricalsystemversion2(smallseries)

Examplesforgasolineengines

DME8.4.0H=B48PHEV (vehicleelectricalsystemversion1)

DME8.6.1=B58

DME8.8.0=N63TU2

DME8.C.0=N74TU

PHEV=Plug-inHybridElectricVehicle.

40

G12Powertrain
6.EngineElectricalSystem
6.1.3.Specialtools
ToolsfornanoMQSplugconnections

ToolsfornanoMQSplugconnections

Index

Explanation

Crimpingpliers

Crimpingpliershead

Insulationstrippingtool

ThetoolsshowaboveareavailabletoBMWServiceforrepairofthenanoMQSconnectors.
Thecrimpingplierscanbeseparatedfromthecrimpingpliersheadandusedwithvariousother
attachments.
Thelengthofthewirestrandcanbepreadjustedbymeansofadepthgaugeontheinsulation
strippingtool.
Varioustestcablesareavailableforthetestcablecaseforelectricalmeasurementsonthenano
MQSplugconnections.
Tool

Ordernumber

Crimpingpliers

0494159or0496849

Crimpingpliershead

83302407378

InsulationstrippingtoolfornanoMQS
connectors

83302407379

TestcablesetfornanoMQSconnectors

83302361523
41

G12Powertrain
6.EngineElectricalSystem
AdaptercableDME
ThefollowingnewspecialtoolsareavailabletoServiceforelectricalmeasurementsonthevarious
controlunitconnectorsoftheDigitalMotorElectronicsDME.
Tool

Ordernumber

Vadaptercable(24-pin)

83302352995

Vadaptercable(64-pin)

83302352993

Vadaptercable(54-pin)

83302352992

Vadaptercable(32-pin)

83302352991

Testboxset

83302352990

6.2.Automaticenginestart/stopfunction
TheMSA2.3isusedforthemodellaunchoftheG12.

MSA2.3systemcomponents

42

G12Powertrain
6.EngineElectricalSystem
Index

Explanation

Enginecompartmentlidcontactswitch

Outsidetemperaturesensor

Starter

Wheelspeedsensor

AGMbattery60Ah(ForEARS)

Evaporator

BodyDomainController(BDC)

Condensationsensor

START-STOPbutton

10

Integratedautomaticheating/airconditioning

11

Instrumentcluster(KOMBI)

12

Seatbeltbuckleswitch

13

IntelligentBatterySensor(IBS)

14

AGMbattery105Ah

15

PowerControlUnit(PCU)(DC/DCconverter)

16

Doorcontact

17

Hydraulicimpulsestorage

18

DynamicStabilityControl(DSC)

19

Highpressurepump

20

DigitalMotorElectronics(DME)

TheoperatinglogicisknownfromthecurrentBMWmodels.Onlythechangesthatwillbeintroduced
withtheMSA2.3willbedescribedinthissection.

43

G12Powertrain
6.EngineElectricalSystem
ThecomfortandavailabilityofMSA2.3havebeenfurtherincreasedcomparedwithMSA2.2.
Thefollowingmeasureshelpenhancethecomfort:

Theautomaticenginestart-stopfunctionisinitiatedat<3km/h/<1.8mph.
Thisincreasestheavailabilityoftheautomaticenginestart-stopfunctionand
makesiteasierforcustomerstounderstanditsoperation.

Theautomaticenginestart-stopfunctionstopisalsoinitiatedwhenthevehicle
isatastandstillonuphillanddownhillgradients.

Startingtimesandstarterturningoverarereduced.

Initiationofautomaticenginestart-stopfunctionstopatdriverrequest.

Preventionofautomaticenginestart-stopfunctionstopbytargeted"underbraking".

Reflexstartuptohigherenginespeedispossibleintheeventofasuddenchangeinmind.

Improvedstoppingandstartingcomfort.

Manoeuvrabilityduringautomaticenginestart-stopfunctioncoasting.

Manoeuvrabilityduringreflexstart.

Steeringwhenatstandstillduringengineshutdown(straightensteeringwheel).

6.2.1.Automaticmode
Theautomaticenginestart-stopfunctionisreadyforoperationfollowingeveryenginestart.
Theautomaticenginestart-stopfunctionisactivatedasfromacertaindrivingspeed:

>5km/h/>3mph

6.2.2.Driving
Aslongasthevehicleisinmotionthedriverwillnotbeawareoftheautomaticenginestart-stop
function.

44

G12Powertrain
6.EngineElectricalSystem
Index

Explanation

Vehiclemoving.

Selectorleverindriveposition"D",driveroperatesacceleratorpedal.

Enginerunning,theenginespeeddisplayandfuelconsumptiondisplay
correspondtothedrivingsituation.

Thegoaloftheautomaticenginestart-stopfunctionistoswitchofftheenginewhenthevehiclespeed
fallsbelow3km/h/1.8mphontheflatorwhenthevehicleisatastandstillonuphillanddownhill
gradients.

6.2.3.Stopping
Thestoppingprocesswithsubsequentenginestopfromthedriver'spointofviewisasfollows:

Index

Explanation

Vehicleisdeceleratedataredtrafficlight,forexample.

Selectorleverremainsinthe"D"driveposition,driverpressesthebrakepedal
todeceleratethevehicleandthevehiclespeeddropsto<3km/h/1.8mphor
=0km/h/0mphonuphillordownhillgradients.

Engineisswitchedoff,enginespeeddisplayshowsReady.Thevehicleis
heldbytheDSChydraulicsonuphillordownhillgradients.

Inthesituationdepictedabovethedriverholdsthevehicleatastandstillbyoperatingthebrakepedal.
Alternatively,thedrivercanmovetheselectorleverfromthe"D"tothe"P"positionandreleasethe
brakepedal.Theengineremainsswitchedoff.

45

G12Powertrain
6.EngineElectricalSystem
6.2.4.Pullaway
Thedriverindicateshisintentiontodriveoffbyreleasingthebrakepedalthenoperatingthe
acceleratorpedal.

Index

Explanation

Driverwishestocontinuethejourney(greenlight).

Theselectorleverremainsinthe"D"driveposition,driverreleasesthebrake
pedalandthenoperatestheacceleratorpedal.

Theengineisstarted,theenginespeeddisplaychangesfromReadytoidle
speed.Thevehicledrivesoffuponsubsequentoperationoftheaccelerator
pedal.TheDSChydraulicsisadditionallyreleasedonuphillanddownhill
gradients.

Ifthedriverheldthecaratastandstilluptothispointbyoperatingthebrakepedal,theenginestarts
assoonasthedriverreleasesthebrakepedal.
Ifthedriverputtheselectorleverintoposition"P"aftertheenginewasswitchedoffautomatically,
theenginestartsautomaticallyiftheselectorleverisnowmovedtoposition"D".
Inthiscase,theautomaticenginestartisactivatedbytheDSCcontrolunitthatmonitorsthebrake
pressure,andnotautomaticallyviaasignalfromthebrakelightswitch.
AutomaticHold
Ifthedriverhasactivatedthe"AutomaticHold"function,hecanalsoreleasethebrakepedaloncethe
vehiclehascometoastandstill.Theautomaticenginestart-stopfunctionalsoswitchestheengineoff
inthiscase.ThevehicleisheldatastandstillbytheDSChydraulics.Theengineonlystartswhenthe
driveroperatestheacceleratorpedal.

46

G12Powertrain
6.EngineElectricalSystem
6.2.5.Automaticenginestart-stopfunctionstoponuphillgradients
IncontrasttotheMSA2.2,whichimmediatelystoppedtheengineonlyuptoanuphillordownhill
gradient(uptoapprox.3.5%),withtheMSA2.3theengineisalsostoppedonuphillordownhill
gradientsatvehiclestandstill..

MSA2.3stoppingdecelerationonuphillgradient

Index

Explanation

Vehiclespeed

Vehicleexcitation

Roadwayexcitation

Stoppingjerkofthevehicle

ThisismadepossiblebycommunicationoftheMSAviatheenginecontrolDME,electronic
transmissioncontrol(EGS)andDynamicStabilityControl(DSC).Ifanenginestopisinitiatedvia
MSA2.3,thevehicleissimultaneouslyalsoheldonuphillgradientsviatheDSChydraulics(drive-off
assistant).Thevehicledoesnotrollbackonuphillgradientsevenifthedriverchangeshismindwith
aso-calledreflexstart.

47

G12Powertrain
6.EngineElectricalSystem
6.2.6.Comfortconcept
Itwaspossibletofurtherimprovethestoppingandstartingcomfortbyintelligentinteractionofthe
enginecontrolDME,electronictransmissioncontrol(EGS)andthebrakeDSC.

ByinclusionoftheValvetronicforthegasolineengine,theValvetronicisadjustedalmost
completelytozeroliftwhiletheengineisbeingswitchedoff.Aftertheenginehasstopped,the
Valvetronicisadjustedtoidlepositionagaininordertobepreparedforapossibleenginestart.

Thevehiclecanalsobeheldsecurelyonuphillanddownhillgradientsforanautomaticengine
stopandstartbytargeteduseoftheDSChydraulics(drive-offassistant)incombinationwith
theMSA2.3.

TheMSA2.3permitscomfortableenginestoppingandstartingduetothefactthatthe
transmissionintheG12cannowbedisconnectedviathereleaseatstandstillfunctionforthe
torqueconverterandthusfortheautomatictransmission.Withoutthisreleaseatstandstill,
anydisturbingtorquefluctuationsthatoccurasaresultoftheautomaticenginestoporstart
willbefeltinthedrivetrain.

6.2.7.Startstrategy

MSA2.3startstrategy

Index

Explanation

Systemstartviareleaseatstandstill(withoutstartingrequest)

Convenientstart(startrequestwithoutacceleratorpedal)

Dynamicstart(startrequestwithacceleratorpedal)

Enginespeed

Releaseatstandstillactive

48

G12Powertrain
6.EngineElectricalSystem
Index

Explanation

Positionofmultidiscclutch

Idlespeed

Multidiscclutchclosed

Multidiscclutchopen

WiththeMSA2.3,theautomaticenginestartoftheG12withautomatictransmissionwasfurther
optimizedbyuseofthereleaseatstandstillfunction.
Itisnowpossibletostarttheenginewithevenmorecomfortandwithoutanyinfluenceonthedrive
trainatthesystemstartbyusingthereleaseatstandstillfunction.
Systemstartviarelease
atstandstill

Convenientstart

Dynamicstart

Theautomaticenginestartis
effectedbyasystemswitchonrequest(e.g.bytheheating
andairconditioningsystem),
thebrakepedalremains
pressed.

Theautomaticenginestart
iseffectedbyreleasingthe
brake,theacceleratorpedal
isnotpressed.

Theautomaticenginestart
iseffectedbyreleasingthe
brake,theacceleratorpedal
ispressedfordriveoff.

Theenginespeedisslowly
increaseduntilitreachesthe
idlespeed.

Theenginespeedisslowly
increaseduntilitreaches
theidlespeed.

Theenginespeedisincreased
quickly.

Theengineremains
disconnectedfromthe
automatictransmissionand
thusfromthedrivetrainviathe
releaseatstandstillfunction.

Themultidiscclutchinthe
automatictransmission
closesslowly.

Themultidiscclutchinthe
automatictransmission
closesquickly.

Thismeansthatthereis
noinfluenceonthedrive
train,therebypreventinga
longitudinaljerkbythedrive
trainwhichcanbefeltbythe
driver.

Smoothandcomfortable
drive-offismadepossible.

Quickdriveoffistherefore
madepossible.

Foranenginestartwithfewervibrations,withthesystemstartandconvenientstartingtheengine
speedisinitiallyincreasedquicklyandthensloweruntilitreachestheidlespeed.Theignitiontiming
isadjustedtothe"late"directionforthis.

49

G12Powertrain
6.EngineElectricalSystem
6.2.8.Reflexstartintheeventofachangeinmind
Theso-calledreflexstartisasignificantchallengefortheautomaticenginestart-stopfunction.This
isthesituationwheretheenginehasnotyetcompletelystoppedafteranautomaticenginestart-stop
functionstop,butanautomaticstartisalreadyrequestedagain.Itwasnotpossiblewithconventional
startermotorstoengageinarotatingringgearduringthisreflexstart.WiththeMSA2.2,anewstarter
motortechnologywasusedforthefirsttimewhichenabledcomfortableengagementuptoanengine
speedof150rpm.
WiththeintroductionoftheMSA2.3,ithasnowbeenpossibletoincreasethisto>500rpm.Since
thepossibilitieswithaconventionalstartermotorareexhaustedhere,thisreflexstartisdonebythe
enginecontrolDME.Thisfunctionisreferredtoasaflyingstart:

Enginespeed>500rpm
The"flyingstart"functioncanbeapplieduptoanenginespeedof>500rpm.Forthis
purpose,combustionisresumedagainduringtheenginestoppingprocessintheeventofan
automaticenginestart-stopfunctionstopandaninitiatedreflexstart.Thisisachievedonthe
gasolineenginebytargetedignitionintherelevantcylinders.

Enginespeed<500rpm
Ifthespeeddropstobelow500rpm,the"flyingstart"functionforareflexstartisnolonger
possible.Inthiscase,itisnecessarytowaituntiltheenginespeedhasfallenbelow150rpm.
Theenginecanbestartedagainbymeansofthestartermotorwhentheenginespeedhas
droppedbelow150rpm.

MSA2.3reflexstart

Index

Explanation

DriverrequestSTART

Flyingstart500rpm(MSA2.3)

EngagementwithstartermotorKSopt150150rpm(MSA2.2)

EngagementwithstartermotorKSopt00rpm(MSA2.1)

TheabbreviationKSoptstandsforoptimizedconventionalstartermotor.
KSopt150:Reinforcedstartermotorthatcanengageupto150rpm.
KSopt0:Reinforcedstartermotorthatcanengageonlyatenginestandstill.
50

G12Powertrain
6.EngineElectricalSystem
6.2.9.Automaticenginestopatdriverrequest
Undercertainconditions,itispossiblethatthedriverwouldliketoinitiateanautomaticenginestartstopfunctionstop,e.g.withactiveswitch-offinhibitor.

Index

Explanation

Vehicleisdeceleratedtoastandstillataredtrafficlight,forexample.
Theenginecontinuesrunning.

Afterthevehiclehascometoastandstill,thebrakepedalisbrieflypressed
forcefullyandthenisimmediatelyheldwiththeusualpedalforceor"P"is
selectedbriefly.

Engineisswitchedoff,enginespeeddisplayshowsReady.

6.2.10.Manoeuvrabilityforautomaticenginestart-stopfunction
coastingorstop
WithMSA2.3,steeringispossibleduringautomaticenginestart-stopfunctioncoastingbelowV<3
km/h/1.8mphorwhenthevehicleisstoppedV=0km/h.Inaddition,asecond60AhAGMauxiliary
batterymaybeused,dependingontheoptionalequipment(SA),whichsupportsthevehicleelectrical
systematenginestandstill,e.g.intheautomaticenginestart-stopfunctionstopphases,andthusalso
supportssteeringviatheEPSwhencoastingbelowV>3km/h/1.8mphorintheeventofanengine
standstillV=0km/h.
Furtherinformationonthevoltagesupplyforthe12voltsystemsisprovidedintheTechnicalTraining
ManualG12GeneralVehicleElectronics.

6.2.11.Switch-offinhibitors
Undercertainconditionsitisnecessarytosuppresstheautomaticenginestart-stopfunction.
ThefollowingparameterschangewiththeMSA2.3comparedwiththeMSA2.2:

Thevehicleisrollingonuphillordownhillgradients(drivingspeed>1km/h/.6mph).

Theambienttemperatureisabove35C/95Fwiththeairconditioningswitched
on(30C/86FforMSA2.2).

51

G12Powertrain
6.EngineElectricalSystem
6.2.12.Switch-onprompts
Conversely,itmayalsobenecessarytostarttheengine.Thefollowingparameterschangewiththe
MSA2.3comparedwiththeMSA2.2:

Theambienttemperatureisabove35C/86Fwithairconditioningswitchedon.

thevehiclerolls(vehiclespeed>3km/h/>1.8mph).

6.3.ActiveSoundDesign(ASD)
WithActiveSoundDesignASD,thesoundoftherespectiveengineisnotchangedbutisemphasized
dependingontheselecteddrivingmode.

ActiveSoundDesignASDintheG12

Index

Explanation

Audiosignaloftheheadunit

AudiosignaloftheActiveSoundDesign(ASD)controlunit
(processedaudiosignalforperfectenginesound)

Rearrightpowerdistributionbox

AMP

Amplifier

ASD

ActiveSoundDesigncontrolunit

BDC

BodyDomainController

DME

DigitalMotorElectronics

Headunit

Controlunitforentertainmentandinfotainmentfunctions

K-CAN4

BodyCAN4

PT-CAN

PowertrainCAN

52

G12Powertrain
6.EngineElectricalSystem
TheenginecontrolunitcontrolstheActiveSoundDesign(ASD)ofthevehicleusingcharacteristic
datasuchasenginespeed,loadanddrivingspeed.TheASDtransportstheoptimumsoundintothe
vehicleinterior.
TheActiveSoundDesign(ASD)canbetemporarilydeactivatedduringatestdrive(noiseanalysis
drive)bymeansoftheBMWdiagnosissystemISTA.However,permanentdeactivationoftheASDis
notpossible.IftheASDisdeactivatedviatheISTAfunction"ASDmutingON",theASDwillremain
switchedoffonlyuntilthenextterminalchange.

AdeactivatedASDisactivatedagainaftereveryterminalchange.

53

G12Powertrain
7.AutomaticTransmission
TheG12vehicleisequippedwiththerevamped8HPTUautomatictransmission,whichisalready
knownfromtheF23(2Seriesconvertible)andF85/F86(X5M,X6M).

8HPTUautomatictransmissionwithacousticencapsulationintheG12

Index

Explanation

8HPTUfor6-cylinderengines

8HPTUfor8-cylinderengines

Transmissionbreather

Acousticencapsulation(three-part)

Acousticencapsulation(two-part)

Mechanismforemergencyrelease

Electricalconnection(mechatronicstovehicleelectricalsystem)

7.1.Transmissionvariants
Differenttransmissionvariantsareuseddependingontheengineinstalled.
Engine
6-cylindergasolineengine
(B58)
8-cylinderenginegasoline
engine(N63TU2)

54

GA8HP50Z

GA8HP75Z

X
X

G12Powertrain
7.AutomaticTransmission
7.2.Highlights
Thefollowingfurtherdevelopmentsmadeitpossibletoincreasethecomfort,dynamicsandefficiency
oftherevamped8-speedautomaticgearbox:

Improveddrivingcomfortthroughhot-enddecouplingoftherotational
imbalanceoftheenginebymeansofacentrifugalpendulum.

Improvedshiftingcomfortthroughslightlyincreasedgearsteps
(2modifiedplanetarygearsets).

Increasedefficiencythroughoptimumgearspreadandgearstepping.

Reductionofvehicle-specificinsulationmeasuresduetoacoustic
encapsulationonthetransmission.

FunctionalenhancementsintheareaofConnectedShift.

Enhancedcustomerexperienceduetonewoperatingpossibilities
withthedrivingexperienceswitchorshiftpaddles.

7.3.Description
Thefollowingtableprovidesanoverviewofthecompositionofthedifferenttransmissioncodes.
Position

Meaning

Index

Explanation

Description

Transmission

Typeoftransmission

Automatictransmission

Numberofgears

6
8

6forwardgears
8forwardgears

Typeoftransmission

HP

Hydraulicplanetary
geartrain

5+6

Transferabletorque

19
26
32
45(General
Motors
Powertrain)
45
(Zahnradfabrik
Friedrichshafen)
50
70
90
95

300Nm
600Nm
720Nm
350Nm
450Nm
500Nm
700Nm
900Nm
950Nm

Manufacturer

G
J
R
Z
H

Getrag
Jatco
GeneralMotorsPowertrain
Zahnradfabrik
Friedrichshafen
In-housepart
55

G12Powertrain
7.AutomaticTransmission
7.4.Technicaldata
The8HPTUmodulartransmissions8HP50and8HP75replacetheestablished8-speedautomatic
transmissions8HP45and8HP70,whichhadtheirseriesintroductionintheF07in2009.
Thefollowingtableshowsacomparisonofthetwotransmissiongenerations.
Technical
data

Unit

8HP50(new)

8HP45(old)

8HP75(new)

8HP70(old)

Maximum
inputpower,
gasoline

kW

260

240

350

380

Maximum
inputtorque,
gasoline

Nm

500

450

700

700

Thefollowingtableshowsthedifferenttransmissionratiosinthedifferentdrivepositionsofthe
respectiveautomatictransmissions.
Driveposition

8HP50(new)

8H75/95(new)

8HP45(old)

8HP70/90(old)

1stgear

5.000

5.000

4.714

4.714

2ndgear

3.200

3.200

3.143

3.143

3rdgear

2.143

2.143

2.106

2.106

4thgear

1.720

1.720

1.667

1.667

5thgear

1.314

1.313

1.285

1.285

6thgear

1.000

1.000

1.000

1.000

7thgear

0.822

0.823

0.839

0.839

8thgear

0.640

0.640

0.667

0.667

Reversegear

3.456

3.478

3.295

3.317

Spread

7.81

7.81

7.07

7.07

Thespreadisdefinedbytheratiobetweenthelowestandhighestgears.Thespreadcanbe
calculatedasfollows:

Ratioof1stgear:ratioof8thgear=spread.

Examplecalculationofspreadforthe8HP50(new)transmission:

56

5.000:0.640=7.81.

G12Powertrain
7.AutomaticTransmission
7.5.Shiftmatrix

Overviewofautomatictransmission8HPTUintheG12

Index

Explanation

Guidepin

Converterlockupclutch

Spring/Dampersystem

Torqueconverter

Turbinewheel

Impeller

Transmissionoutputshaft

Hydraulicimpulsestorage

Mechatronics

10

Vane-typecompressor

11

Stator

12

Centrifugalpendulum

B1

Brake1
57

G12Powertrain
7.AutomaticTransmission
Index

Explanation

B2

Brake2

K1

Clutch1

K2

Clutch2

K3

Clutch3

P1

Planetarygearset1

P2

Planetarygearset2

P3

Planetarygearset3

P4

Planetarygearset4

Thefollowingtableshowstheshiftmatrixofthedifferentgearsofthe8-speedautomatic
transmission.
Driveposition

Brakes

Clutch

B1

B2

K1

K2

K3

1stgear

2ndgear

3rdgear

4thgear

5thgear

6thgear

7thgear

8thgear

Reversegear

Spread

7.6.Torqueconverterwithcentrifugalpendulum
Inordertoreducefuelconsumptionandcarbondioxideemissions,high-chargedenginesareused,
thenumberofcylindersisreducedandthedrivablespeedsarelowered.
However,withthesemeasurestherotationalimbalanceatthecrankshaftisincreasedwhich
iscausedbytheaccelerationduringthepowercycleanddecelerationduringthecompression
cycle.Thisirregularrotationisthereasonfortorsionalvibrationsinthedrivetrain.
Theoccurringtorsionalvibrationsnearthesource,i.e.inthetorqueconverter,arethereforeminimized.

58

G12Powertrain
7.AutomaticTransmission
Whentheconverterlockupclutchisopenthereisadifferenceinspeedoraslipinthetorqueconverter
betweenpumpandturbinewheel.Thetorsionalvibrationsoftheenginecanbecompensatedby
thisslipandthehydrodynamicpowertransmission.However,thesliphasanegativeeffectonthe
efficiency.
Whentheconverterlockupclutchisclosedthereisapositiveconnectionbetweentheimpellerand
theturbinewheel.Aslipisavoided,howeverthereisnolongeranyvibration-reducingeffect.Thisis
whyaspring/dampersystemisinstalledwhichreducesthetorsionalvibrationsoftheengine.

Torqueconverterwithcentrifugalpendulum

Index

Explanation

Converterlockupclutch

Spring/Dampersystem

Centrifugalpendulum

Turbinewheel

Impeller

Stator

59

G12Powertrain
7.AutomaticTransmission
Thecentrifugalpendulumissecuredbetweentheturbinewheelandspring/dampersystem.

Centrifugalpendulum

Index

Explanation

Sheetmetal

Roller

Mass

60

G12Powertrain
7.AutomaticTransmission

Functionofcentrifugalpendulum

Index

Explanation

Oscillatingmass

Torsionalvibrationsoftheengine

Thecentrifugalpendulumconsistsof2guideplateswhichareattachedtoeachotherandwhich
allowdampingmassestomovebetweenthemondefinedpaths.Arch-shapedcurvedtracksare
integratedinthesheetmetalandinthemasses,whichserveasrunningtracks.Thedampingmasses
areconnectedwiththeguideplatesbytworollersineachcaseandcanmovealongthecurvedpaths.
Thecentrifugalpendulumconsistsofseveraloscillatingmasses(dynamicvibrationabsorbers).
Theyvibratecontrarytothetorsionalvibrationsandcompensateforthese.Atlowenginespeeds,
i.e.preciselywhentheannoyingvibrationsoccurmost,thedeflectionofthedynamicvibration
absorbersisparticularlybig.

61

G12Powertrain
7.AutomaticTransmission
Thefollowingadvantagesresultfromdeletingthetorsionalvibrations:

Theconverterlockupclutchcanremainclosedoveralargerenginespeedrange.

Theslipintheconverterlockupclutchcanbereducedandthusalsotheslippercentage
inthetorqueconverter.Theefficiencyisthereforeimproved.

Lowerenginespeedscanbedriven.

Thesemeasuresleadtoareductionofthefuelconsumptionandimprovedacousticsinthepassenger
compartment.

7.7.Sportautomatictransmission
InthestandardequipmentSteptronicSporttransmission(2TB),thecustomeradditionallyreceives2
shiftpaddlesonthesteeringwheelandadditionalfunctionssuchastheLaunchControl.

7.7.1.LaunchControl
Asanadditionalcustomerfunction,vehicleswiththeoptionalequipmentSteptronicSport
transmission(2TB)areequippedwithaLaunchControl.Thisfunctionallowscustomerstoreproduce
themanufacturer'sspecificationsfor0-100km/h/0-62mphacceleration(racingstart)ingood
ambientconditionswhenthetransmissionisatoperatingtemperature.
Thefollowingillustrationshowsthe5stepsforactivationofLaunchControl.

ActivationofLaunchControlintheG12

62

G12Powertrain
7.AutomaticTransmission
Index

Explanation

ActivateDynamicTractionControl(DTC)(pressDTCbuttonbriefly)

Moveselectorleverto"S"position(Sport)

Depressthebrakeveryfirmlyandhold

Pressacceleratorpedaltokick-down

Releasebrakeandholdacceleratorpedalinkick-downposition

Theadditionalaccelerationisachievedbyshiftingtothenext-highergearwithoutreducingtheengine
torque.

7.7.2.Functionalenhancementsoftheshiftpaddles

ShiftpaddlesontheautomaticSporttransmissionoftheG12

Index

Explanation

Upshift

Downshift

Thedrivercanchangetomanualshiftmodebymeansoftheshiftpaddles.Thedrivercanmanually
shifttothenexthigherorlowergearsbyactuatingthe+/-shiftpaddles.
Activationofmanualshiftmodein"D"position(Drive)
Ifoneofthetwoshiftpaddles(+or)ispressedin"D"position,theelectronictransmissioncontrol
(EGS)switchestoatime-limitedmanualshiftmode.Dependingontherouteprofile,thismodeis
cancelledautomaticallyeitherearlierorlater(normalvalueapproximately20s)ifoneofthetwoshift
paddlesisnotactuatedinthistime.Thedrivingprofileisdetectedbymeansofthesteeringwheel
movementsaswellasthedynamicaccelerationforcesactingonthevehicle.
Itispossibletocancelmanualmodeprematurelybyalongpullonthe+shiftpaddle.

63

G12Powertrain
7.AutomaticTransmission
Activationofmanualshiftmodein"S"position(Sport)
Ifoneofthetwoshiftpaddles(+/-)isactuated,theelectronictransmissioncontrol(EGS)permanently
switchestomanualshiftmode.
Itispossibletocancelmanualmodeagainbyalongpullonthe+shiftpaddle.
Activationofcoasting
Thedrivercanmanuallyactivatecoastingmodebymeansofthefollowingconfiguration:

GearselectorswitchinDposition(Drive)

DrivingexperienceswitchinECOPROmode

Acceleratorpedalnotactuated

CoastingmodeactivatedinECOPROconfigurationmenu(CID)

Multipleoperationof+shiftpaddleuntilnologicalhighergearselectionispossible

Thevehiclenowswitchestocoastingmode.Theengineisdisengagedfromthetransmissionin
coastingmode.Theenginecontinuesrunningatidlespeed.
Coastingmodeiscancelledagainbyactuatingtheshiftpaddleortheacceleratorpedal.
TherespectivemodeisdisplayedtothedriverbymeansoftheBMWEfficientDynamicsdisplayinthe
instrumentcluster.

BMWEfficientDynamicsdisplayintheG12

Index

Explanation

Coastingmodedeactivated

Coastingmodeactivated

Energyrecoverydisplay(systembatterycharging)

BMWEfficientDynamicsmarker

Accelerationdisplay

64

G12Powertrain
7.AutomaticTransmission
7.8.ConnectedShift
ConnectedShiftusesthefollowingsystemsforapredictiveshiftstrategy:

Useofthenavigationdata

Useoftheradarsensors

Useofthenavigationdataisalreadyknownfromthe5SeriesLCI.Useofthenavigationdatais
mentionedinthisdocumenttobetterunderstandthesystem.

7.8.1.Useofthenavigationdata
ConnectedShiftusesnavigationdataforaforward-thinkingshiftstrategyoftheautomatic
transmission.If,forexample,asharpbendisdetected,theautomatictransmissionshiftsdown
earlyandthegearisretainedinthebend.
Therouteguidanceofthenavigationsystemdoesnotneedtobeactivatedforthefunction.However,
theidentificationofaturn-offrequest,forexamplebytheactiverouteguidanceoroperatingtheturn
indicator,helpstocontrolthesystemmoreaccurately.Up-to-datenavigationmapdataalsoinfluences
thecontrolaccuracy.
Advantages
ConnectedShiftoffersvariousadvantagesdependingontheroute:
Trafficguidance
Bend/Subsequentbend

Intersections

Trafficcircle

Advantages

Higherenginebrakingeffectbeforethebend

Tensileforcereserveforacceleratingfromthebend

Optimizedshiftcharacteristicsinthebend

Uponrecognizedturn-offrequestbyactiverouteguidance
oroperationoftheturnindicator:

Higherenginebrakingeffectbeforeintersections

Optimizedshiftcharacteristicsintheintersections

Higherenginebrakingeffectbeforethetrafficcircle

Tensileforcereservebeforeentry

Optimizedshiftcharacteristicsinthetrafficcircle
andintheexit

65

G12Powertrain
7.AutomaticTransmission
ShiftexampleforavehiclewithandwithoutConnectedShift

ConnectedShiftshiftexample

Index

Explanation

ShiftpointswithoutConnectedShift

ShiftpointswithConnectedShift

Takingthefootoffthegas(coasting(overrun)mode)

Slightbrakecontrol

Acceleratorpedalisoperated

ConnectedShiftcanselectdownshiftsbeforecurvesandavoidupanddownshiftsbetween
consecutivecurves.Ahigherenginebrakingeffectbeforeacurveisachieved,aswellasareduction
oftheshiftfrequencyincurvesandoptimalexitingfromthecurves.

7.8.2.Useofradar
Theradar-basedConnectedShiftisnewandavailableforthefirsttimeinaBMWvehicle.
Aprerequisiteforuseofthisfunctionisequipmentwithfrontandrearradarsystems.Thefollowing
tableprovidesinformationonthevehicleequipmentinwhicharadarsystemisused.
equipmentversion

Frontradar,
center

Frontradar,side

Rearradar

Standardversion

DrivingAssistant(5AS)

ActiveDrivingAssistantPlus
includesACCStopandGo(5AT)

66

G12Powertrain
7.AutomaticTransmission

Radar-basedConnectedShiftintheG12

Index

Explanation

Frontradar,center

Frontradar,sideleft

Frontradar,sideright

Rearradar,sideright

Rearradar,sideleft

Ifavehicledetectsrapidapproachtoanobstacleviathefrontradar,theelectronictransmissioncontrol
(EGS)automaticallyshiftsdowntoalowergear.
Thelowergearoffersthedriverthefollowingadvantages:

Thehigherenginebrakingtorquereducesthedrivingspeedifthedriver
isnottryingtoovertake.

Ifanovertakingmanoeuvreisabouttotakeplace,thedriverhasahigher
tractivepowerreserveoftheengineavailable.

Inadditiontothefrontradar,thesystemalsousesthesideradar,e.g.inordertomakeiteasiertofeed
intoflowingtrafficthankstoanoptimumgearselection.

67

G12Powertrain
7.AutomaticTransmission
7.8.3.Characteristicsandavailability
InSPORTandCOMFORTmodesthecharacteristicsofConnectedShiftareadaptedtotherespective
drivingprogram,inECOPROmodeConnectedShiftisnotavailable.ConnectedShiftisalsonot
availableduringcontroloperationofcruisecontrol.
Aprerequisiteisthatthenavigationmapdataandtherequiredadditionalinformationforthecountry
areavailable.Thisisdependentonthenavigationmapproviderandisnotavailableworldwideforall
countries.
Aprerequisiteforradar-basedConnectedShiftistheoptionalequipmentActiveDrivingAssistantPlus
(5AT).

7.9.Newfunctions
7.9.1.Transmissionbehaviorwhendrivingoff
Whenthevehicleisatstandstillwiththebrakepedalpressedandtheselecteddriveposition,adefined
converterslipoftheautomatictransmissionisnotsetaspreviously.Instead,theclutchremains
completelyopenforselectionofagear(releaseatstandstill).Whenthebrakeisreleasedaftervehicle
standstill,thevehicledoesnotcrawl(rollingawaypossible).Crawlingcanbeactivatedonrequestby
pressingtheacceleratorpedal.Thecrawlfunctioniscancelledagainonlywhenthevehicleisonce
moreatstandstill.

7.9.2.SteppedSportshiftmode
AnewfeatureintheG12isanadditionalsportshiftmapwhichoffersthedriverafurtherconfiguration
optionbetween"D"(Drive)and"S"(Sport)drivepositions.

68

G12Powertrain
7.AutomaticTransmission

ActivationoftheadditionalSportshiftmapD+FESSportintheG12

Index

Explanation

PersonalizationmenuontheCentralInformationDisplay(CID)

ConfigurationofautomatictransmissioninSportmode

GearselectorswitchinD(Drive)

DrivingexperienceswitchinSportmode

Withpreviousautomatictransmissions,itwaspossibletochangetoSportmodeforasportydriving
styleonlybymeansofthegearselectorswitch.
IntheG12,thereisanadditionalsteppedSportshiftmode,whichcanbeactivatedasfollows:

GearselectorswitchinDposition(Drive)

DrivingexperienceswitchinSport

InsteppedSportshiftmode,upshiftstakeplacelateranddownshiftsearlierthaninD(Drive)mode.
However,theshiftpointsarenotatthesamelevelasforpureSportmode(gearselectorswitchinS).
ThesteppedSportshiftmodecanbeactivatedordeactivatedbymeansofthepersonalizationmenu
ontheCentralInformationDisplay(CID).
Thisadditionalconfigurationoptionallowsthedrivertoadaptthevehicletohisgearshiftwishes
moreexactly.

69

G12Powertrain
7.AutomaticTransmission
7.10.Transmissionemergencyrelease
Transmissionemergencyrelease:
1

Mechanicaltransmissionemergencyrelease.

Electronictransmissionemergencyrelease.

7.10.1.Mechanicaltransmissionemergencyrelease
Themechanicaltransmissionemergencyreleasehasalsobeenmodified.Forthispurposetheparking
locklevermustbesecuredusinganewspecialtool(ordernumber83302355850)intheposition
picturedbelow.

F23mechanicaltransmissionemergencyreleaseGA8HP50Z

70

G12Powertrain
7.AutomaticTransmission
Index

Explanation

Transmissionparkinglockengaged

Transmissionparkinglockreleased

Parkinglocklever

ThemechanicaltransmissionemergencyreleasemayonlybeoperatedbytrainedServicepersonnel.
Thevehiclemustbesecuredtopreventitfromrollingawayduringemergencyrelease.

7.10.2.Electronictransmissionemergencyrelease
OperationoftheelectronictransmissionemergencyreleasewassimplifiedintheG12.Therequired
conditionsandprocedureareexplainedinmoredetailbelow.
Electronictransmissionemergencyreleaseispossibleonlywhentheenginedoesnotstartbutthe
startermotorturns.
Theelectronictransmissionemergencyreleaseisactivefor30minutes.Wheelspeedsignalsdue
tomovementofthevehicledonothaveanyinfluenceonthepredefinedperiod,buttheypreventthe
parkinglockfrombeingengagedaslongastheyaretransmitted.Ifavehicleismovedshortlybefore
expiryofthe30minutes,forexample,theparkinglockwillbeengagedonlywhenthevehiclecomes
toastandstillagain.Thetimespecifiedisalsodependentonthebatterycapacity.Time-independent
activationoftheparkinglocktakesplaceifthebatteryvoltagefallsbelowdefinedvoltagethresholds.

Thevehiclemustbesecuredtopreventitfromrollingawaybeforeperformingelectronictransmission
emergencyrelease

71

G12Powertrain
7.AutomaticTransmission

ElectronictransmissionemergencyreleaseintheG12

Index

Explanation

Pressbrakepedalandholddownduringtheprocedure.

Pressstart/stopbuttonandholddownduringtheprocedure.

Pressreleasebuttonatelectronicgearselectorswitch.

Pressandholddownreleasebutton,movethegearselectorswitch
toNpositionandholdinthispositionforapprox.5seconds.

AssoonasN(neutral)hasbeenengagedinthetransmission,
aCheckControlmessagewillappearintheinstrumentcluster.

Thebrakepedal,start/stopbutton,gearselectorswitchandrelease
buttoncanbereleased.

72

G12Powertrain
7.AutomaticTransmission
Thefollowingconditionscanpreventorimpedeelectricaltransmissionemergencyrelease:

Ifthevehicleisonanincline(tensioninginthedrivetrain).

Atveryhighorlowtransmissionoiltemperatures(modifiedviscosity).

Thevehicleisonlycapableofmanoeuvringandcannotbetowedaftersuccessfulelectronic
transmissionemergencyrelease.
Detailedinformationontheelectronictransmissionemergencyreleaseisprovidedinthe
correspondingrepairinstructionsandintheOwner'sHandbook.

7.11.Towing

TowingtheG12

Index

Explanation

Towingonbothvehicleaxles

Towingontherearvehicleaxle

Recoveryonatransportdeck

73

G12Powertrain
7.AutomaticTransmission
Towingoftheautomatictransmissiononthedrivenvehicleaxleisnotpermitted.Limitedtimeand
speed-dependenttowingwouldnottechnicallydamagetheautomatictransmission,butpermanent
releaseoftheparkinglockcannotbeguaranteedduetothechangedmechanicalandelectronic
transmissionemergencyrelease.Suddenengagementoftheparkinglockduringatowingoperation
onthedrivenvehicleaxlecanleadtodamagetothevehicleandtoseriousaccidents.

74

G12Powertrain
7.AutomaticTransmission
7.12.Systemwiringdiagram

SystemwiringdiagramofelectronictransmissioncontrolEGSintheG12

75

G12Powertrain
7.AutomaticTransmission
Index

Explanation

Enginecontrolunit(DME)

Electronictransmissioncontrol(EGS)

Powerdistributionbox,frontright

CANterminator4

BodyDomainController(BDC)

CANterminator5

AdvancedCrashSafetyModule(ACSM)

Gearselectorswitch(GWS)

Acceleratorpedalmodule

10

Brakelightswitch

11

Steeringcolumnswitchcluster

12

Instrumentpanel(KOMBI)

13

DynamicStabilityControl(DSC)

76

G12Powertrain
8.Four-WheelDrive
8.1.Overviewofall-wheeldrivesystems
Theall-wheeldrivevariantsusedatBMWdifferwithrespecttothedifferentdriveplatforms.Although
theall-wheeldrivesystemofthefront-wheeldrive-basedvehiclessuchastheX1F48differsfromthat
oftherear-wheeldrive-basedvehicles,bothall-wheeldrivesystemsarereferredtoasxDriveatBMW.

Overviewofall-wheeldrivesystemsinthedifferentseries

Index

Explanation

Rear-wheeldrive-basedxDrive

Front-wheeldrive-basedxDrive

Frontaxledifferential

Manualgearboxorautomatictransmission

Transferbox

Rearaxlefinaldrive

Bevelgears

Longitudinaltorquedistribution(integratedintherearaxledifferential)
77

G12Powertrain
8.Four-WheelDrive
Arear-wheeldrive-basedxDriveisusedintheG12.
ThefollowingtableprovidesanoverviewofthedifferenttransferboxesusedatBMW.
User

VTG20062009

Technicaldata

E6x
E9x

ATC300
Powertransmissionbyspurgearset
UseinsaloonsandX1
Weightwithoil25.2kg
Multidiscclutchupto1400Nm
Torquebuildup0~1000Nmin<125ms
Torquereduction1000~50Nmin<100ms
Startingcurrent30A/holdingcurrent56A

E83

ATC400
Powertransmissionbychain
UseinXvehiclesapartfromX1
Weightwithoil24.2kg
Multidiscclutchupto1400Nm
Torquebuildup0~1000Nmin<125ms
Torquereduction1000~50Nmin<100ms
Startingcurrent30A/holdingcurrent56A

E70

ATC700
Powertransmissionbychain
UseinXvehiclesapartfromX1
Weightwithoil24.5kg
Multidiscclutchupto1600Nm
Torquebuildup0~1000Nmin<125ms
Torquereduction1000~50Nmin<100ms
Startingcurrent30A/holdingcurrent56A

78

G12Powertrain
8.Four-WheelDrive
Use

VTG20092011

Technicaldata

E84

ATC350
Powertransmissionbyspurgearsetwithoutoilpump
UseinsaloonsandX1
Weightwithoil23.9kg
Multidiscclutchupto1400Nm
Torquebuildup0~1000Nmin<125ms
Torquereduction1000~50Nmin<100ms
Startingcurrent30A/holdingcurrent56A

F25

ATC450
Powertransmissionbychainwithoutoilpump
UseinXvehiclesapartfromX1
Weightwithoil21.2kg
Multidiscclutchupto1400Nm
Torquebuildup0~1000Nmin<125ms
Torquereduction1000~50Nmin<100ms
Startingcurrent30A/holdingcurrent56A

Use

VTGLightsince2011

Technicaldata

E84

ATC350L
Powertransmissionbyspurgearset
UseinsaloonsandX1
Weightwithoil22.6kg
Multidiscclutchupto1100Nm
Torquebuildup0~1000Nmin<125ms
Torquereduction1000~50Nmin<100ms
Startingcurrent30A/holdingcurrent56A

F25

ATC450L
Powertransmissionbychain
UseinXvehiclesapartfromX1
Weightwithoil19.5kg
Multidiscclutchupto1100Nm
Torquebuildup0~1000Nmin<125ms
Torquereduction1000~50Nmin<100ms
Startingcurrent30A/holdingcurrent56A

79

G12Powertrain
8.Four-WheelDrive
Use

VTGfrom2015

G12

Technicaldata
ATC131
Powertransmissionbychain
Useofstandardtransferbox(allmodels)
Multidiscclutchupto1300Nm

8.2.NewfeaturesinxDrive
Theoptionalall-wheeldriveoftheG12doesnotdiffervisuallyfromtherear-wheeldrive-basedxDrive
systemscurrentlyused.
However,thexDriveoftheG12offersthefollowingnewfeatures:

Themaximumtransferabletorqueto1300Nm.

Reductioninthethermalloadbyover-openingoftheall-wheeldrivemultidiscclutches.

Reducedfuelconsumptionbyintelligentall-wheeldrivecontrolanddemand-based
oillevelcontrolinthetransferbox(EfficiencyMode).

SystemoverviewofxDriveintheG12

80

G12Powertrain
8.Four-WheelDrive
Index

Explanation

Frontaxledifferential

BodyDomainController(BDC)

Transferbox

VTGcontrolunit

Frontdriveshaft

DynamicStabilityControl(DSC)

FlexRay

FlexRaybus

Thetorquegeneratedbytheengineissteppedupintheautomatictransmissionandissupplied
viathetransmissionoutputshafttothetransferbox.Thedownstreamtransferboxinthedrivetrain
hasthetaskofvariablydistributingthetorquetothefrontandrearaxlesdependingonthedriving
situation.Sincearigidconnectionoftherearaxlewiththefrontaxleisnotpossibleduetopossible
differencesinthewheelspeeds,thereisamultidiscclutchinsidethetransfercase.Themultidisc
clutchperformsthetaskofvariabletorquedistributionbetweenthetwodriveaxles.

81

G12Powertrain
8.Four-WheelDrive
8.3.FunctionaldescriptionofxDrive

TransferboxintheG12

Index

Explanation

Drivefromautomatictransmission

Outputtorearaxle

Outputtofrontaxle

Multi-plateclutch

Balls(3pieces)

Ballramp

Toothedadjustingring

VTGcontrolunit

Chain

82

G12Powertrain
8.Four-WheelDrive
Themultidiscclutchintheall-wheeldrivetransferboxallowsthetorquetobedistributedtobothaxles
withincertainlimits.Seenstatistically,thetorquedistributionbetweenthefrontandrearaxlesonthe
currentBMWall-wheeldrivevehiclesis40:60.IntheG12,thetorquedistributiontothetwodriveaxles
wassplitequallyinthedirectionof50:50.Intermsofdynamics,however,otherimportantparameters
suchasdifferentwheelslipvaluesplayapart.Itisnolongerpossibletospeakofa50:50torque
distributionwithdifferentwheelslipvaluesatthetwodriveaxles.Inthiscase,thedrivetorquesare
distributedvariablyintherangebetweentheoretically0:100and100:0correspondingtothedriving
situation.
Theentiretorqueistransmittedtotherearaxlewhenthemultidiscclutchisopen.Themultidiscclutch
mustbeclosedinordertotransfertorquetothefrontaxle.
TheclutchtorquetobetransmittediscalculatedintheDynamicStabilityControl(DSC)andis
forwardedtothetransferboxcontrolunitviaaFlexRaybus.Thetransferboxcontrolunitcalculatesthe
angletobesetatthetoothedadjustingringfromtherequestedclutchtorque.Theadjustingtorque
requiredforcontrolisgeneratedbyanelectricmotor.
Thecontactpressureofthemultidiscclutchisincreaseddependingontherequestedtorque
distributions.Asaresult,thestepped-upenginetorqueisseamlesslydistributedbetweenthetwo
driveaxlescorrespondingtothedrivingsituation.

83

G12Powertrain
8.Four-WheelDrive
8.4.EfficiencyMode

EfficiencymechanismofthexDriveintheG12

Index

Explanation

Oilcircuit

Wormshaft

Oilstop(oilshutofftothemultidiscclutch)

Toothedadjustingring

Oillinewithreservoir

Switchingshaft(actuationofoilreservoir)

Oilchamber2

Overflow

84

G12Powertrain
8.Four-WheelDrive
Index

Explanation

Oilreservoir(barrierbetweentheoilchambers)

Spring

10

Chain

11

Oilchamber1

EfficiencyModeisanewdevelopmentintheareaofdragtorquereductionandisdesignedto
increaseefficiency.Themultidiscclutchesofthetransferboxareopeneddependingonthedriving
situationbyintelligentcontroloftheall-wheeldrivesystem.Thispermitsreductionofthelubrication
inthetransferbox.Adistinctionismadebetweenthefollowingfunctions:

Oilstop

Oilreservoir

Bothofthesefunctionsaredescribedinmoredetailbelow.Bothfunctionshavethetaskofminimizing
lossesinthetransferbox.Theyarealwaysactivatedinparallel,butactindifferentareasoftheunit.
EfficiencyModeisalwaysusedwhenthereisnoall-wheeldriverequestfromtheDSCcontrolunitand
themultidiscclutchisthereforeopen.

85

G12Powertrain
8.Four-WheelDrive
8.4.1.Oilstop

OilstopfunctionofthexDriveintheG12

Index

Explanation

Oilstopactive(closed)

Oilstopinactive(open)

Toothedadjustingring

Oilflowclosuresystem

TheoilstopfunctionofthexDrivetransferboxoffersthefollowingadvantages:

Reductionintheenginedragtorqueswhenthemultidiscclutchisopen.

Fastavailabilityoflubricationoilforthemultidiscclutchthankstosmalloil
reservoirdirectlyinfrontofthediscset.

Theoilsupplytotheclutchpackisblockedwhenthemultidiscclutchisopen.Theoilisstoredinthe
lineandintheoilreservoir.Thetoothedadjustingringisrotatedbymeansofthewormshaftinorderto
activateanddeactivatetheoilstop.Theoilflowtothemultidiscclutchisinterruptedbyrotationofthe
adjustingring.Intheeventofatorquerequesttothetransferbox(multidiscclutchisclosed),theoil
supplyisopenedagainduetorotationoftheadjustingringandthemultidiscclutchislubricatedand
cooled.
Theloweroilfilllevelmeansthatchurninglosses,whicharecausedbyimmersionoftherotated
multidiscclutch,areeliminated.Thisreducesfuelconsumptionaswellaswearonthemultidiscclutch.

86

G12Powertrain
8.Four-WheelDrive
8.4.2.Oilreservoir

OilreservoirfunctionofthexDriveintheG12

Index

Explanation

Oilreservoirclosed

Oilreservoiropen

Toothedadjustingring

Chain

Switchingshaft(actuationofoilreservoir)

Oilreservoir(barrierbetweentheoilchambers)

Oilchamber2

Theoilreservoirisclosedwhennotorquerequestismadetothetransferbox(multidiscclutchis
open).Theoilreservoirhasthetaskofstoringtheoilinadefinedspace(oilchamber2).Theoil
reservoirfunctionisdonebyaleversystemwhichissupportedinthehousingandwhichcloses
adefinedopeningbymeansofanelastomerseal.
Aswitchingshaft,whichismovedbythetoothedadjustingring,actuatestheoilreservoirandkeeps
itinthedesignatedposition.Theoilchambersareclosedoffwithrespecttoeachother,reducing
churninglossestoaminimum.Adefinedquantityofoilalwaysremainsincirculationinorderto
guaranteelubricationofbearingsandsealingrings.Thisisensuredbyanoverflowbetweenthe
1stand2ndoilchambers.

87

G12Powertrain
8.Four-WheelDrive
8.5.Operatingstrategy
Theall-wheeldrive(xDrive)wasdesignedasanintelligentsystemintheG12.Intelligentcontrolof
thexDrivesupportsefficientandthusfuel-savingoperationofthevehicle.However,theall-wheel
driveisnotswitchedoffordeactivated,forexample,butisadaptedcorrespondingtothecurrent
drivingsituation.Alargenumberofdifferentsensorssupplyinformationaboutthecurrenttraction
requirement.Thedrivetorqueisdistributedtothedifferentdrivewheelsasrequiredcorresponding
tothetractionanddrivingdynamics.

OperatingstrategyofthexDriveintheG12

88

G12Powertrain
8.Four-WheelDrive
Index

Explanation

Wetconditions

Snow

Asphalt

Off-road

xDrive

Inmanydrivingsituationstheall-wheeldrivemultidiscclutchisopenandonlytherearwheelsare
driven.Onlyincertaindrivingsituationsissomeofthedrivetorquealsotransmittedtothefront
wheels.Thedistributionofthedrivetorquetakesplaceproactively.Calculationoftherequired
distributiontakesplaceinthecontrolunitforDynamicStabilityControl(DSC).
TheDSCtakesintoaccountthefollowingcriteriaforcalculationofthetorquedistribution:

Vehiclespeed

Lateralandlongitudinalacceleration

Yawrate

Brakecontrol(ABS)

Steeringangle

Wheelspeeds

Vehiclelongitudinalinclination

Pedalsensorposition

Drivingprogram(SPORT,COMFORT,ECOPRO)

DSCstatus(DSCactivated/deactivated,DTCactivated/deactivated)

Dependingonthedrivingsituation,someofthedrivetorqueistransmittedtothefrontwheels.
Theexactratioofthetorquedistributionisdependentontheactivationofthemultidiscclutch,
aswellastheslipofthewheels.Someoftheinfluencingfactorsarelistedbelow.
Theall-wheeldriveclutchtorqueisincreasedinthefollowingdrivingsituationsiftherearenoother
criteriapresentthatpreventthis:

Roadspeed<20kph/<12mph

DrivingprogramSPORTactivated

DynamicStabilityControl(DSC)deactivated

DynamicTractionControl(DTC)activated

Oversteeringvehicle

Increaseddifferenceinspeedbetweenfrontandrearwheels

Largevehiclelongitudinalinclination(e.g.oninclines)

Highacceleratorpedalinput,e.g.kick-downposition

Loadreversalconditionssuchastransitiontocoastingoverrun
(drivertakeshisfootofftheacceleratorpedal)
89

G12Powertrain
8.Four-WheelDrive
Theall-wheeldriveclutchtorqueisreducedinthefollowingdrivingsituationsiftherearenoother
criteriapresentthatpreventthis:

Drivingspeeds>180km/h/>111mph

Understeeringvehicle

Withincreasingsteeringangle(toavoiddistortionsinthedrivetrain)

Strongbraking(ABSbraking)

Toassesstheroadconditionandtoensureeffective,proactivelongitudinaltorquedistribution,
thecoefficientsoffrictionbetweenthetiresandroadwayaredeterminedbytheDSCcontrolunit.
Thewheelslipaswellasthelongitudinalandlateralaccelerationareevaluatedforthispurpose,
forexample.
IfwheelspeedinformationreceivedbytheDynamicStabilityControl(DSC)suggestsdifferenttire
rollingcircumferencesofthewheels(e.g.inthecaseoftireswithsignificantdifferencesintheamount
ofwear),theall-wheeldrivemultidiscclutchisclosedtoalesserextentthaninthenormalcase.This
preventsexcessivedistortioninthedrivetrain,whichwouldleadtohighpowerlossesofthexDrive.

8.5.1.Determinationofthewheelslip
Wheelslipoccursonthewheelsofthedifferentaxlesbothasaresultofaccelerationanddeceleration.
Thewheelslipisdeterminedusingthesensorsignalsfromallwheelspeedsensorsaswellasan
arithmeticmodelintheDSCcontrolunit.
Thewheelslipcanbedefinedasfollows:

Wheelslipisthedeviationofthewheelcircumferentialvelocityfromthedrivingspeed.

Ifawheelisacceleratedorbrakedtosuchanextentthatthemaximumstaticfrictionforceisexceeded,
theslipthenincreasesuntilthewheelsspinorlocks.
Twotypesofslipoccurinpractice.

Tractionslip

Brakeslip

Tractionslipcanbereducedbythefollowingmeasures.

DSCinterventionbyreductionoftheenginetorque.

IncreaseintheclutchtorquetobetransmittedbythexDrive
(torquedistributiontobothdriveaxles).

Brakeslipcanbereducedbythefollowingmeasures.

ABScontroloperation(AntilockBrakeSystem).

Inordertopermitindividualwheelcontrolofthebrakeforcesatawheelduringstrongbraking(ABS
orDSCcontroloperation)andavoidanyinfluenceontheotherdriveaxle,theall-wheeldriveclutch
torqueisdecreasedasrequiredorcompletelyreducedifnecessary.
90

G12Powertrain
8.Four-WheelDrive
Calculationexamplefortractionslip

Wheelcircumferentialvelocity=16.67m/s(correspondstoapprox.60km/h/37mph)

Drivingspeed=13.89m/s(correspondsto50km/h/31mph)

Sincethewheelcircumferentialvelocityishigherthanthedrivingspeedforthespecifiedvalues,
thesliphereisso-calledtractionslip.

Formulafortractionslip

Index

Explanation

SA

Tractionslip

VWheel

Wheelcircumferentialvelocity

VVehicle

Vehiclespeed

SA=(16.67m/s13.89m/s):13.89m/s=0.2
SAin%=0.2100%=20%
Thetractionslipis20%.
Calculationexampleforbrakeslip

Wheelcircumferentialvelocity=11.12m/s(correspondstoapprox.40km/h/25mph)

Drivingspeed=13.89m/s(correspondstoapprox.50km/h/31mph)

Sincethewheelcircumferentialvelocityislowerthanthedrivingspeedforthespecifiedvalues,
thesliphereisso-calledbrakeslip.

Formulaforbrakeslip

Index

Explanation

SB

Brakeslip

VWheel

Wheelcircumferentialvelocity

VVehicle

Vehiclespeed

SB=(11.12m/s13.89m/s):13.89m/s=0.2
SBin%=0.2100%=20%
91

G12Powertrain
8.Four-WheelDrive
Thebrakeslipis20%.
xDriveoperatingstrategyfordifferentwheelslipvalues

WheelslipdiagramwithxDrivecontrol

Index

Explanation

Wheelcircumferentialvelocity(driveslip)

A1

20%driveslip

Wheelcircumferentialvelocity(brakeslip)

B1

20%brakeslip

Drivingspeed(constant)

92

G12Powertrain
8.Four-WheelDrive
Index

Explanation

Multidiscclutchinthetransferboxclosed

Multidiscclutchinthetransferboxopen

Slip[%]

Wheelslipin[%]

Vwheelin[km/h]

Wheelcircumferentialvelocityinkilometersperhour

8.6.NotesforService

Thevehiclemustnotbedrivenwhenthefrontdriveshafthasbeenremoved.

Whencarryingoutworkonabraketeststand,itisnotnecessarytotakeinto
accountanyall-wheeldrive-specificpoints.
(rollermodefortestingthebrakesystemisdetectedautomatically.)

Thevehiclemustnotbetowedifonlyoneaxleisraised.

Theoilfillingofthetransferboxisdesignedfortheentireunitservicelife.
However,afaultcodeentrywithanoilchangerecommendationforthetransfer
boxoilisstoredwhenamileageof150,000km/100,000milesisexceeded.
Whenrefillingthetransferboxoil,itisnecessarytomovetheoilreservoirtothe
openpositionusingtheBMWdiagnosissystemISTA.

VarioustestplansareavailableintheBMWdiagnosissystemISTAforService.

Thetiretreaddepth,tirerollingcircumferenceaswellasthetiremanufacturershouldbethesame
onthefrontandrearaxlesifpossible,inordertoensureproperfunctioningofthexDrive.Itisalso
recommendedtouseonlytiresthathavebeenapprovedorrecommendedbyBMW.

93

G12Powertrain
8.Four-WheelDrive

TransferboxoftheG12

Index

Explanation

Transmissionbreather

Output,reardriveshaft

VTGcontrolunit

Fluidfillerplug

Dustboot

Outputwithjointtothefrontpropellershaft

Frontdriveshaft

Thejointofthefrontdriveshaftislocatedontheoutputinsidethetransferbox.Thisisbeneficialfor
thesmallpackagedimensionsofthetransferbox.Thecomponentsharingconceptwithothervehicle
seriescanalsobeensuredinthisway.
Thefrontdriveshaftisinsertedintheoutputwithjointbymeansofaplugconnection.Adustboot
protectstheconnectionagainstdirt.
Sincetheoutputwithjointisnolongerfixedwhenthefrontdriveshaftisremoved,thevehiclemustno
longerbedriveninthiscondition.Thelackingguidewouldleadtoanuncontrolledmovementofthe
outputwhenthevehicleisaccelerated,thuscausingdamagetothetransferbox.

Thevehiclemustnotbedrivenwhenthefrontdriveshafthasbeenremoved.

94

G12Powertrain
8.Four-WheelDrive
8.6.1.Oilchangefortransferbox
Theoilfillingofthetransferboxisdesignedfortheentireunitservicelife.Thiscorrespondsto
amileageofapproximately150,000km/100,000miles.Afaultcodeentrywithanoilchange
recommendationforthetransferboxisstoredwhenthismileageisexceeded.
Thetransferboxdoesnothaveanoildrainplug.Theoilfillingtoberenewedmustberemoved
usinganextractorunit.
Thenewtransferboxoilcanbefilledusinganoilfillerplug.
Inordertoensurethattheentireoilfillinghasbeenexchanged,theoilreservoirmustremain
openforthedurationofextractionandfilling.

TheServiceemployeecanmovetheoilreservoirtotheopenpositionbymeansoftheService
function>TransferboxVTG>OilchangeintheBMWdiagnosissystemISTA.

8.6.2.Classificationofthetransferbox

ClassificationofthetransferboxintheG12

Index

Explanation

BMWpartnumber

Revisionindex

Transferboxclassification

Serialnumber
95

G12Powertrain
8.Four-WheelDrive
Index

Explanation

Housingtype

Assemblyline

Works(A=Austria,M=Mexico)

Outputflangediameter(96mm,105mm)

Versions

10

Productiondate

Duetothepermittedcomponenttolerancesofthedifferentcomponentsofthetransferbox,thestroke
oftheballrampforclosingthemultidiscclutchinthetransferboxdiffersineachcase.However,these
tolerancescanbecompensatedbyadaptedcontroloftheelectricmotorforclosingthemultidisc
clutch.Forthispurpose,thetoleranceclassmustbeenteredinthecontrolunitforthetransferbox.
Therespectivetoleranceisdeterminedduringproductionandenteredonatypeplateonthetransfer
box(seegraphicabove).
ThetolerancecanbedeterminedasfollowsinService:

Readingoffthetoleranceclassonthetypeplateonthetransferbox.

ReadingoutthetoleranceclassviatheBMWdiagnosissystemISTA.

Thefour-digitclassificationcodecanbeenteredinthecontrolunitforthetransferboxVTGbymeans
ofaservicefunctioninBMWdiagnosissystemISTA.Thismustbewithinastoredclassificationrange
inordertobeacceptedbytheVTGcontrolunit.
ThefollowingtableshowsthecompleteclassificationrangeofthetransferboxintheG12.

ClassificationtablefortransferboxintheG12

96

G12Powertrain
8.Four-WheelDrive
Index

Explanation

Offsetclassesin[]

Pitchclassesin[%]

ThetoleranceclassmustbeenteredintheVTGcontrolunitafterthefollowingservicework:

VTGcontrolunitwasrenewed.

Transferboxwasrenewed.

8.7.Systemwiringdiagram

SystemwiringdiagramforxDriveintheG12

Index

Explanation

DynamicStabilityControl(DSC)

VTGcontrolunit

Powerdistributionbox,frontright

BodyDomainController(BDC)

AdvancedCrashSafetyModule(ACSM)
97

G12Powertrain
8.Four-WheelDrive
Index

Explanation

HeadUnit

CentralInformationDisplay(CID)

FlexRay

FlexRaybus

K-CAN4

BodyCAN4

98

G12Powertrain
9.DriveShaftsandDifferential
9.1.Four-wheeldrive
9.1.1.xDrivedriveshaft

Driveshaftoftheall-wheeldriveintheG12

Index

Explanation

Universaljoint(onthefrontaxledifferential)

Tubularshaftofdriveshaft

Plugconnectionattransferbox

99

G12Powertrain
9.DriveShaftsandDifferential
9.1.2.xDrivefrontaxledifferential

FrontaxledifferentialofthexDrivedriveintheG12

Index

Explanation

Differentialbreather

Differentialoilfillerscrew

Differentialdriveflange

Differentialoildrainplug

AnewDifferentialoilisusedinordertoincreasetheefficiencyofthedrivetrain.
Fortheinitialfillingattheplant,thefrontaxledifferentialisfilledwiththefollowingoil:

100

FuchsTitanEG3846.

G12Powertrain
9.DriveShaftsandDifferential
However,whentheoilistoppedupbyBMWService,thefollowingoilisusedasbefore:

CastrolSAF-XO.

Bothoilsarecompatiblewitheachotherandcanbetoppedoff.Theoilofthefrontaxledifferentialis
notsubjecttoaserviceintervalandcanbeusedfortheentirevehiclelifecycle.
Technicaldata
Technicaldata

Frontaxle
differential170AL

Frontaxledifferential175AL

In-lineengine

V-engine

0.6L

0.6L

FuchsTitanEG3846

FuchsTitanEG3846

CastrolSAF-XO

CastrolSAF-XO

1300Nm

1300Nm

2.56/2.81/3.08/3.23

2.81

13.5kg/33.7lbs

14.5kg/32.0lbs

Oilvolume
Oilgradeatplant
OilgradeinBMWService
Maximuminputtorque
Possibleratios
Weightincludingoilfilling

9.1.3.FrontoutputshaftsofxDrive

DriveshaftsofthefrontaxleintheG12

Index

Explanation

Outputshaft,frontleft

Outputshaft,frontright

Spurgearing

Gaitersleeve,wheelend

101

G12Powertrain
9.DriveShaftsandDifferential
Index

Explanation

Outputshaft

Gaitersleeve,transmissionend

Plugconnectiononfrontaxledifferential

Bearingsupport

9.2.Rear-wheeldrive
9.2.1.Driveshafts

DriveshaftintheG12

Index

Explanation

Driveshaftcenterbearingwithslidingunit

Frontpartialshaft(tubularshaftincludingcrashfeature)

Rearpartialshaft(tubularshaft)

Plugged-inthree-holeflange(onrearaxledifferential)

102

G12Powertrain
9.DriveShaftsandDifferential
Differentsteeldriveshaftsareuseddependingontheengineandtransmissionvariant.

Themaximumpermissibledeflectionangleofthedriveshaftmustnotbeexceededwhenworkingon
thedriveshaftcenterbearing.Theinstructionsinthecurrentrepairinstructionsmustbeobservedin
allcases.

9.2.2.Rearaxlefinaldrive

RearaxledifferentialintheG12

Index

Explanation

Housingcover

Differential

Ringwheel

Housing

Pinion

Transmissioninputshaft

Anewdifferentialoilisusedinordertoincreasetheefficiencyofthedrivetrain.
Fortheinitialfillingattheplant,therearaxledifferentialisfilledwiththefollowingoil:

CastrolBOT-448.

However,whentheoilistoppedupbyBMWService,thefollowingoilisusedasbefore:

CastrolSAF-XO.
103

G12Powertrain
9.DriveShaftsandDifferential
Bothoilsarecompatiblewitheachotherandcanbetoppedoff.Theoiloftherearaxledifferentialis
notsubjecttoaserviceintervalandcanthereforebeusedfortheentirevehiclelifecycle.
Technicaldata
Technicaldata

Rearaxle
differential205AL

Rearaxledifferential225AL

In-lineengine

V-engine

approx.0.750.9l

approx.0.91.4l

Oilgradeatplant

CastrolBOT-448

CastrolBOT-448

OilgradeinBMWService

CastrolSAF-XO

CastrolSAF-XO

3.08/3.23

2.56/2.81/3.08

Oilvolume

Possibleratios

9.2.3.Rearoutputshafts

DriveshaftsoftherearaxleintheG12

Index

Explanation

Outputshaft,left

Outputshaft,right

Spurgearing

Gaitersleeve,wheelend

Gaitersleeve,transmissionend

Plugconnectionondifferential

104

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