Factor Analysis

Factor analysis is a useful tool for investigating variable relationships for complex
concepts such as socioeconomic status, dietary patterns, or psychological scales.
It allows researchers to investigate concepts that are not easily measured directly by
collapsing a large number of variables into a few interpretable underlying factors.

Analyze > Dimension Reduction > Factor

Description -> KMO, univariate
Extraction-> Correlation matrix, eigen value 1, Scree plot, Unrotatred,
Rotatiomn-> Varimax, rotated, iteration-> 25
Option-> exclude cases listwises, su[ress small coffiecient. Value--. 0.4 (not
mandatory)

KMO > 0.7 sample adequate

Communalities-> If the communality for a variable is less than 50%, it is a
candidate for exclusion from the analysis because the factor solution contains less
that half of the variance in the original variable, and the explanatory power of that
variable might be better represented by the individual variable. 'Communalities'
which tells us how much of the variance in each of the original variables is
explained by the extracted factors. Higher communalities are desirable.
Variance >50%
Eigen Value > 1
Eigen Value explains how much does a component explains with respect to the
factors.

Component Loading:

The relationship of each variable to the underlying factor is expressed by the so-called
factor loading.

Rotated matrix:
To assign the factors to components and delete the unwanted questions

Cluster Analysis:
The Cluster Analysis is an explorative analysis that tries to identify structures within the
data. Cluster analysis is also called segmentation analysis or taxonomy analysis. More
specifically, it tries to identify homogenous groups of cases, i.e., observations, participants,
respondents. Cluster analysis is used to identify groups of cases if the grouping is not
previously known.
Analyze -> Clasify -> Hiearchial cluster
Stati-> tick proximity
Plot-> dendogram, vertical
Methods-> wards, squared eclidilean

Regression Analysis
Typically, a regression analysis is used for one (or more) of three purposes: (1)
prediction of the target variable (forecasting). (2) modelling the relationship
between x and y. (3) testing of hypotheses.

How much is dependent on any factor. Why-> dependent bacha hua -> Independent
Most of the points should lie on the regression line. Away from line means more
error, less dependent.
Analyze -> regression -> linear regression
Stats: confidence interval -> 95
R squared check
Descriptive check
Covariance matrix
Plots: none
Options: no ched chad
Ok

Y ^: Plots the points of regression line

Y=a+bx1+cx2

Finds coeffiencts table-> to find co efficients of constant, x and y

Model summary
R: Denote the co relation co efficient, Bigger the better
R2: Bigger the better, It denotes the data completely
SSb/error: higher the value, lesser he error

Annova Table:
Sig: smaller the better, 0.05 se kum aana chahiye accha hone ke liye
Residual: error. Smaller the better
F: bigger the better, mean square of residual/mean square of regression
Mean square: sum of squares/df
Lower bound/ upper bound: 95 % values between which the values lies