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1
akp200445@yahoo.com
jayanta.kist@gmail.com
I. INTRODUCTION
The depletion of conventional energy resources, rise in the
petroleum fuel prices and concern for global warming due to
the burning of fossil fuels has made power generation from
conventional energy sources unsustainable and unviable. It is
observed that demand-supply gap will continue to rise
exponentially unless it is met by some alternative means of
power generation. Inaccessibility of the grid power to the
remote places and the lack of rural electrification have
prompted for alternative sources of energy. The renewable
energy resources, such as water, wind, sun, and biomass, have
become better alternatives for power generation for rural
electrification. The exploitation of renewable energy enhances
supply security, provides local solutions, lowers
environmental impacts, offers sustainable energy development
and provides job opportunities to local dependents. In
developing country like India, most of the population lives in
isolated rural areas without grid power and electrification in
decentralized mode with nearby available renewable energy
sources will enhance the overall development of these areas.
[1].
II. METHOD TO HARNESS RENEWABLE ENERGY
SOURCES
Basically there is a best method that is used to harness
available renewable energy sources, namely, hybrid renewable
energy systems [2].
A. Hybrid Renewable Energy System:
III.
METHODOLOGY
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Hybrid Method:
A. Conventional Technique:
These techniques uses availability of weather data
irradiance, clearness index and wind speed. This technique is
classified on the basis of concept of energy balance and
reliability of supply [6] and shown in Figure 2. Conventional
sizing methods give accurate results when actual weather data
is available. Li et al. [7] developed an algorithm to determine
the cost effective system configuration using an iterative
technique based on energy balance. Zhou K et al. determined
optimal sizes of the system components for a hybrid
PV/FC/Battery system producing onsite hydrogen [8]. S.
Kumaravel [9] et al. optimized a stand-alone Biomass/SolarPV/Pico-hydel energy system and suggested the rating of solar
PV, pico-hydel generator, biomass gassifier and battery based
on the energy balance. They also compared the cost of energy
of the proposed system with the diesel-based hybrid energy
system (HES). P. Balamurugan et al. [10] calculated the
optimal sizing of an integrated wind-biomass gasifier based
hybrid energy system. They compared the cost of energy
(COE) of integrated wind-biomass system with the winddiesel system. Some of the sizing procedures in the literature
consider the reliability parameters like Loss of power
probability (LOPP), Loss of power supply probability (LPSP),
Load coverage rate (LCR), equivalent loss factor (ELF),
Energy index ratio (EIR), Expected energy not supplied
(EENS). Ardakani et. al. [11] used equivalent loss factor
(ELF) for optimizing the size of the components in an
integrated wind/ PV/Battery system. Xu et.al. [12] proposed a
strategy to minimize the total system cost subject to the
constraint of LPSP using GA. Nelson et.al. [13] evaluated
LPSP less than or equal to 0.0003 that meant loss of power of
1 day in 10 years for sizing the system components in a
wind/PV/FC system. Yu Fu et.al. [14] developed the optimal
design models of an integrated wind-hydro-solar power
generation system with battery bank. They minimized the
annualized cost of the proposed systems under the constrained
of loss of power supply probability (LPSP).
B. Artificial Intelligence Techniques (AI):
These techniques are used in case of non-availability of
weather data in remote sites. The main algorithms under AI
techniques are Artificial Neural Networks (ANN), Fuzzy
Logic (FL), Genetic Algorithms (GA), Particle Swarm
Optimization (PSO), Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) or a
hybrid of such techniques and shown in Figure 3. Andrew
Arnette et al. [15] analyzed cost and emission under different
scenarios like minimize cost, minimize emission, Minimaxequal weight, Minimax-cost weighted, Minimax-emissions
weighted. Rajesh Kumar et al. [16] developed a Biogeography
Based Optimization (BBO) algorithm for the prediction of the
optimal sizing coefficient of wind/PV/diesel generator/battery
hybrid energy system.
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[13]
[14]
[15]
[16]
VII.CONCLUSION
This paper provides a summary of different methodologies
for harnessing renewable energy resources in off-grid
applications for rural electrification. Detailed literature survey
has been presented on hybrid configuration based power
generation systems covering unit sizing, cost optimization, and
energy flow management. The presented literature review
facilitates interested researchers in the design and power
management of hybrid renewable energy systems with focus
on energy sustainability.
[17]
[18]
[19]
[20]
VIII.
REFERENCES
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