Training Manual

SAP ABAP

TechVantage IT Solutions Pvt Ltd

Data Dictionary
(SE11)
ABAP Dictionary enables all of the type definition used in SAP system to be managed centrally.
Database table:

Select Database table radio button to create Transparent Table.

Short Description.

Delivery Class to control transport of the table data for an installation, upgrade or client copy and transport
between customer systems.

2016 Manoj Sure all rights reserved

Page 1

Training Manual

SAP ABAP

TechVantage IT Solutions Pvt Ltd

a.
b.
c.
d.

A: Application table (master and transaction data).

C: Customer table, data is maintained by the customer only.
L: Table for storing temporary data.
G: Customer table, SAP may insert new data records, but may not overwrite or delete existing data
records. The customer namespace must be defined in table TRESC.
e. E: System table with its own namespaces for customer entries. The customer namespace must be
defined in table TRESC.
f. S: System table, data changes have the same status as program changes.
g. W: System table whose data is transported with its own transport objects (e.g. R3TR PROG, R3TR
TABL, etc.).

Data Browser/ Table View Maint:-describe whether maintenance should allowed or not.

Field (name of the field).

2016 Manoj Sure all rights reserved

Page 2

Training Manual

SAP ABAP

TechVantage IT Solutions Pvt Ltd

Check Table:-The Check Table is the table used by system to check if a data exist or not exist. While creating
a table if you want to be sure that a field can have some values and these are in a certain table, you can give
IT this table as CHECK TABLE.

When you enter the AMOUNT the CURRENCY must be given. For example, if you give 1000 for AMOUNT but
it should know whether it refers to Rupees or Dollar or Pound. So for CURR the CUKY (Currency Key) must be
given. Similarly, when you enter a QUANTITY say 1000, we should specify the UNIT for this. Whether it refers
to METER, or CENTIMETER or any other UNIT So, for QUAN, we should specify the UNIT in the
Currency/Quantity field.

Technical settings:
Optimize the storage requirements and the access behavior of the Database tables. How Table is handled
(Data class, Size Category, Buffering Permission, Buffering type etc).
I.

Data Class:

2016 Manoj Sure all rights reserved

Page 3

Training Manual

SAP ABAP

TechVantage IT Solutions Pvt Ltd

a. APPL0 (master data): Data that is seldom changed. An example of master data is the data contained
in an address file, such as the name, address and telephone number.
b. APPL1 (transaction data): Data that is frequently changed. An example of transaction data is the
goods in a warehouse which change after each purchase order.
c. APPL2 (organizational data): Customizing data that is defined when the system is installed and
seldom changed. An example is the table with country codes.
d. System Data: System data is the data that the SAP system needs. The program sources are an
example.
II.
Size Category: - You use the size category to define the expected space required for the table in the
database.

III.

Buffering:

IV.

Buffering type: - The data of buffered tables can thus be accessed directly from the buffer of the
application server. This avoids the time-consuming process of accessing the database.
a. Full buffering: The system loads all the records of the table into the buffer when one record
of the table is accessed. Full buffering is done for small tables. Syntax select *.
b. Generic buffering: When a record of the table is accessed, all the records having this record
in the generic key fields (part of the table key that is left-justified, identified by specifying a
number of key fields) are loaded into the buffer.
Syntax select *.
c. Single-record buffering: Single record buffering is recommended particularly for large tables
in which few records are accessed repeatedly. Syntax select single.

2016 Manoj Sure all rights reserved

Page 4

Training Manual

SAP ABAP

TechVantage IT Solutions Pvt Ltd

V.

Log Data Changes: - You can use logging to record and store modification to the entries of a table.
Using the logging flag you can define whether changes to the data records of a table are logged. If
you switch on the logging, each change to an existing data record (with UPDATE, DELETE) by the user
or application program is recorded in the database in a log table (DBTABPRT). Logging decreases the
overall system performance. The logging table is accessed by many uses, which may lead to lock
situations and slow down system performance.

VI.

Enhancements: - When a table is created you need to set enhancement category. The reason for
enhancement category is to say what type of fields you can have in your table. For the SAP tables
when you want to make enhancements (adding your own fields- append structure) what type of
field you can add it depends on how they set the enhancement category.
1>Can be enhanced deep: You can have any type of fields and if it is a standard table you can
add any type of field whether it may be a character type, reference type or even a table type (
deep means structure within structure) fields.
2>Can be enhanced (character-type or numeric): Now you can add only flat data type fields not a
reference type or deep structures ( a table type within a table). 3>Can be enhanced (charactertype) : In a table for which this technical attribute is set you can have only character type fields
and in standard tables you can enhance it by adding only character type fields not even integer
or float or packed.(C, N, D and T are the character type fields and your table should contain
these type of fields.).
4>cannot be enhanced: This table cannot be enhanced means you cannot add further fields into
this table.

After selecting category just click on save and activate.

2016 Manoj Sure all rights reserved

Page 5

Training Manual

SAP ABAP

TechVantage IT Solutions Pvt Ltd

Data Element describes type attribute (data type, field length and possibly the number of decimal places). A
data element can be referenced in ABAP programs with TYPE. This permits you to define variables that take
on the type attributes of the data element in an ABAP program.
A. Select Data type radio button.

B. Select data element radio button.

C. Enter short description.

D. In elementary type select domain and enter domain name.

2016 Manoj Sure all rights reserved

Page 6

Training Manual

SAP ABAP

TechVantage IT Solutions Pvt Ltd

Domain used: If the data element type is defined with a domain, this field contains the domain name.

2016 Manoj Sure all rights reserved

Page 7

Training Manual

SAP ABAP

TechVantage IT Solutions Pvt Ltd

Field Label in Data Element (A heading can be defined to output the field values in lists).
Short, medium and long are used in Function Module and Heading is used in ALV and Classical report.

Domain describes the technical attributes such as data type and length of a table field.

Domain: Domains manage the technical properties of the data elements centrally. Domains cannot be used
directly in programs, tables, and so on.
o Select data type radio button.

Give short description and in definition write data type you want and no.chracters.

Save and activate.

2016 Manoj Sure all rights reserved

Page 8

Training Manual

SAP ABAP

TechVantage IT Solutions Pvt Ltd

VIEWS
The data from several tables can be viewed together. The table field which is not required can be hidden. The data of
a view is derived from one or more tables, but not stored physically.
There are four types of views: Database views are implemented with an equivalent view on the database.
Projection views are used to hide fields of a table (only projection).
Help views can be used as selection method in search helps.
Maintenance views permit you to maintain the data distributed on several tables for one application object
at one time. All tables used in a maintenance view must be linked with a foreign key. the join conditions are
always derived from the foreign key in maintenance. you cannot enter the join conditions directly as in a
database view.

Select view radio button.

Select type of view.

2016 Manoj Sure all rights reserved

Page 9

Training Manual

SAP ABAP

Give a short description

Write table names you want to view.

2016 Manoj Sure all rights reserved

TechVantage IT Solutions Pvt Ltd

Page 10

Training Manual

SAP ABAP

TechVantage IT Solutions Pvt Ltd

Click on Relationship button. You can see relationship of marc table.

2016 Manoj Sure all rights reserved

Page 11

Training Manual

SAP ABAP

TechVantage IT Solutions Pvt Ltd

Select check box, relationship between marc and mara and click copy button.

You will get the key fields.

2016 Manoj Sure all rights reserved

Page 12

Training Manual

SAP ABAP

TechVantage IT Solutions Pvt Ltd

In view fields click on table fields you will get a window Field selection from the table MARC select
check box which field you want and then click on copy.

After selecting fields.

Save and activate.

2016 Manoj Sure all rights reserved

Page 13

Training Manual

SAP ABAP

TechVantage IT Solutions Pvt Ltd

Type Group:
A TYPE GROUP /TYPE-POOL can be used as 'TEMPLATE' - which contains set of constants, Types, Includes.
It is like one time creation and multiple usage, you can use this type pool for 'N' - number of your reports.
Search Help:
Search helps are objects that you can use to assign input help (F4 Help) to screen fields. You can do this by creating a
search help in the ABAP Dictionary and attaching it to the corresponding screen field.

Elementary search helps implement a search path for determining the possible entries.
Collective search helps contain several elementary search helps. A collective search help therefore provides
several alternative search paths for possible entries.
Append search helps can be used to enhance collective search helps delivered by SAP with customer-specific
search paths without requiring a modification.

Select search help radio button.

Select the elementary search help.

Write short description.

2016 Manoj Sure all rights reserved

Page 14

Training Manual
o

SAP ABAP

TechVantage IT Solutions Pvt Ltd

Give any table name you want to create search help and field name of that table.

Save it, Check it & activate it.

o

And now execute it.

After clicking f4 you will get the possible entries in that field.

2016 Manoj Sure all rights reserved

Page 15

Training Manual

SAP ABAP

TechVantage IT Solutions Pvt Ltd

Output

Lock Object:
A lock object is a virtual link of several SAP tables which is used to synchronize simultaneous access by two users to
the same set of data.
Locks are requested and released in the programming of online transactions by calling certain function modules
which are automatically generated from the definition of the lock objects. These lock objects must be explicitly
created in the ABAP Dictionary.
To set locks, you must perform the following steps:
1. You must define a lock object in the ABAP Dictionary. The name of the lock object should begin with E.
2. The function modules for requesting and releasing locks which are created automatically when the lock object is
activated must be linked to the programming of the relevant online transactions.
Access by more than one user can be synchronized in the following ways:

Exclusive lock:

The locked data can only be displayed or edited by a single user. A request for another exclusive lock or for a shared
lock is rejected.

Shared lock:

More than one user can access the locked data at the same time in display mode. A request for another shared lock
is accepted, even if it comes from another user. An exclusive lock is rejected.

Exclusive but not cumulative:

Exclusive locks can be requested several times from the same transaction and are processed successively. In
contrast, exclusive but not cumulative locks can be called only once from the same transaction. All other lock
requests are rejected.

O (Optimistic):

Optimistic locks initially behave like shared locks and can be converted into exclusive locks.
2016 Manoj Sure all rights reserved

Page 16