The Rise of Dictators

Chapter 24
 Soviet Union

•Government controls all aspects of society

•State planning of the economy
•State-owned collective farms

Joseph Stalin
 Italy
Benito Mussolini – Il Duce – “The Chief”
• Mussolini was part of a
parliamentary coalition in 1922.
• He was the undisputed Dictator
by 1925. In 1928 he made Italy a
one-party state, outlawing any
other political party.
 Germany
Adolph Hitler
Der Furher
• Damaged National
Pride
– Treaty of Versailles
• Recession
• Anti-Semitism
• Lebensraum
 The Faces of Totalitarianism
Fascist Italy NAZI Germany Communist Soviet Union

•Extreme Nationalism •Extreme Nationalism and •Create a sound

•Militaristic Expansionism racism communist state and wait
•Charismatic leader •Militaristic Expansionism for world revolution.
•Private property with •Strong leader •Revolution by workers
strong government •Private Property with •Eventual rule by working
controls strong government class
•Anti-Communist controls •State ownership of
•Anti-Communist property.
 Hitler’s Rise
• Hitler’s National
Socialist Party won a
majority of seats in
Parliament
• Hitler appointed
Chancellor by
President Paul von
Hindenburg January
1933.
 Hitler’s Rise
• February 1933 the Reichstag was set on fire.
• When President von Hindenburg died in 1934
Hitler proclaimed himself “Furher” or “leader.”
 NAZI Rearmament
• Hitler raised the German Army from the
100,000-strong force dictated by the Treaty of
Versailles to 600,000-strong in violation of the
Treaty.
• Hitler ordered the Navy to be increased and for
the formation of an Air Force (Luftwaffe).
 NAZI Rearmament
• Britain and Germany
signed a naval
agreement in 1935
which allowed for
increasing the
German tonnage up
to 35% of the British
navy, in violation of
the Treaty of
Versailles.
 NAZI Rearmament
• Hitler ordered German troops to
reoccupy the Rhineland.
 Why did Germans idolize Hitler?
• He restored
confidence in
government
• He restarted the
economy
• He demonstrated
strong national pride
• His charismatic
speeches rallied the
masses
Nazi propaganda depicting Jews (Stars
of David); Capitalism, (Dollar Signs) and
Communism (Hammer and Sickles) all
as part of the disease under inspection.
 Propaganda
• “If you tell a lie big enough and keep
repeating it, people will eventually come to
believe it. The lie can be maintained only
for such time as the State can shield the
people from the political, economic and/or
military consequences of the lie. It thus
becomes vitally important for the State to
use all of its powers to repress dissent, for
the truth is the mortal enemy of the lie,
and thus by extension, the truth is the
greatest enemy of the State.” – Joseph
Goebbels
 Propaganda
• “Through clever and constant application
of propaganda, people can be made to see
paradise as hell, and also the other way
round, to consider the most wretched sort
of life as paradise.” – Adolf Hitler
 Imperial Japan
• Japanese taught from birth lessons that reinforced dictatorial,
militaristic principles.
• Japan Invaded China 1931 under the guise of the Mukden
Incident.
• Launched full-scale invasion of China in 1937.
 The Axis’ Expands
• Italy invades Ethiopia
• Japan continues through China