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processes data, and produces results. Computing devices usually carry certain essential parts:
input device, Central Processing Unit (CPU), storage, memory, and an output device.
changed the way they operate. Early computers used vacuum tubes and magnetic drums for
memory, and relied on machine language to perform basic operations. Input and output was by
punched cards and paper tape; which were eventually replaced by keyboards and monitors that
The invention of transistors lead to the development of the integrated circuit using
miniaturised transistors on silicon chips called semiconductors, which increased speeds and
integrated circuits were built onto a single chip, incorporating all components including the
Central Processing Unit, memory, and input/output controls. High-level programming languages
like COBOL and FORTRAN were also developed. Graphic User Interfaces, the mouse, and other
such devices made computers more powerful. Modern computing devices are capable of voice
recognition, greater interaction with humans, and using advanced input and output peripherals.
Computers are an essential part of our everyday lives and are present from the time we
wake, until we go to bed; they are in our work, home, and most everywhere else.
and monitored. This makes diagnosing problems easy by just attaching the car to a computer.
The Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) scans the body, small areas at a time, using
large magnets; the Computer Axial Tomography (CAT) scanning machine is a tubular x-ray that
takes multiple pictures as it rotates. Each device sends their images to computers which process
Some major players in the industry are Microsoft, makers of the Windows Operating
System and Office Application suite; Intel, the world’s largest microprocessor manufacturer,
revolutionised the computer industry with the introduction of the Pentium processor; Apple
manufactures the Apple and Macintosh computers, alternate systems to the Windows based PC.
‘Macs’ are mostly used in the graphics industry; Dell, the number one computer maker,
Computers are a necessity, providing consumers with the ability to research products and
services, and buy anything they want, anywhere and whenever the need arises. In the near future,
portable devices, like PDA’s will have wireless networking capabilities. Computers will be
smaller, lighter and cheaper, using voice technology that responds to natural language. Artificial
intelligence will usher in devices capable of learning, analysing, and adapting to suit required
situations.
money. Consumer will pick up items and walk out; each item is automatically checked, stock
lists are updated, and their credit card debited; likewise for boarding transportation and attending
paid events. Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) microchips imbedded in persons will contain
personal data like medical information, in case of emergency; tracking capabilities if lost or
The internet will evolve into an advanced system that will be a pertinent part of business,
with some institutions will only exist in Hyperspace. It will connect most electronic device.
Nanotechnology will be used to develop advanced components for future computers and
medical robots. They will be small enough to enter the human body to do repair on the
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