Circulatory System

Circulatory System
---it is the transport system of the
body

---- it is described as the LIFE

LINE
of the human body.
Circulation
---- is a process

by which blood
flows into the
different parts
the body.

Functions of the Circulatory

System:

1.It is responsible for the

distribution of oxygen and
nutrients to all parts of the body.
It transport and deliver
nutrients.

2. Collects and eliminates carbon

dioxide and other waste materials
produced by the cells
and eliminating wastes from the
body.

3. Help maintains the bodys

HOMEOSTASIS
It is a condition that refers
to a balance of bodily
processes and chemical
present in the body.

4. Serves as the bodys defense

system.
Major Parts of the Circulatory
System
1.Heart

---- pumps the blood

to the different
parts of the body

2. Blood Vessels
---where blood moves through
---- they are the pathways
through
which the blood carries food

and oxygen to all parts of the

body

They are
the arteries,
veins,

and capillaries
3.Blood
---- is the liquid
material that

circulates
throughout the body.
Other systems that work together
with the Circulatory System:

1.Cardiovascular System

------ responsible for blood

flow
2.Lymphatic System
---- responsible for bringing back

into the blood stream fluids

and
proteins that has leaked out
of
the capillaries

The Heart
Heart
--- is the center of the circulatory
system

---- it is made up of strong and elastic

cardiac muscles

----- It is about the size of the

fist.

---it is called the

 blood pump
of the body
Pericardium ----- a protective sac

that encloses the

heart
Heartbeat ---- tightening of the
muscles of the heart as it forces
blood through the blood vessels.

Septum ---- a wall of muscle that

divides the heart into
left and right parts.
The Heart is further divided into
thelower and upper chambers.

Upper Chamber: Atrium

Lower Chamber: Ventricle
Endocardium ---- tough membrane
lines the four chambers of the
heart

Right Atrium: Receives blood from

the body
Right Ventricle: pumps blood into
the lungs

* The oxygenated blood from the

lungs goes back to the heart
through the LEFT ATRIUM, then goes
to the LEFT VENTRICLE which pumps
the blood that keeps moving
throughout the body.

*The ATRIA ( Atrium) are

responsible
for keeping the blood moving.
Valves ---- parts of the heart that

act like doors

----- they are flaps tissues
that open and close,
allowing to flow in
one

direction ---- the right

The heart beats an average of
70-80 times a minute
The rate of the heart beat
is controlled by the

automatic nervous
system.

Blood low in
oxygen and
high in carbon

Blood now is
high in oxygen
and low in
carbon dioxide

Blood high in
oxygen and low
in carbon dioxide

To all tissue of
the body

BLOOD VESSELS
Blood Vessels
--- a network of tubes
in the body in which
blood flows through.

Kinds of Blood Vessels

1.ARTERIES
---- Thick walled and elastic blood
vessels.
---- they carry oxygen-carrying blood
and nutrients from the heart to
the

different parts of the body.

AORTA
---- The largest artery leading from the
LEFT VENTRICLE
---- it send all blood to all tissue in

the body

With each heartbeat ventricles pump

blood through ARTERIES.

The wall of the ARTERIES are

elastic. With each surge of blood
from the heart, the walls bulge,
then spring back between beats.
It is resistant to high pressure.

 The pumping of blood produces

blood pressure.
Blood Pressure
--- is the PUSH of blood against the
walls of the blood vessels

ARTERIES branch out into smaller

vessels called
ARTERIOLES
ARTERIOLES then connect to the

CAPILLARIES

2.VEINS
---- It is closer to the skin
---- carry dioxide-carrying blood and
body waste from the different parts of

the body to the HEART then to the

LUNGS for oxygenation and back to the
HEART.
Pulmonary Veins --- carry oxygenated
blood from the lungs to the
heart

 USED BLOOD ---- called the blood

carried by the veins which contains
wastes and oxygen has been used up.
VEINS have cuplike VALVES
Valves ----- prevent oxygenated blood

from mixing deoxygenated

blood.
---- they control the blood flow
and
keep the blood from flowing
backwards.

2 large Veins directly connected to the

heart:

1. SUPERIOR VENA CAVA

--- It caries blood from head, the arms,
and the rest of the upper trunk to the
heart

2.INFERIOR VENA CAVA

---- Caries blood from the lower part of

the body to the heart.

3.CAPILLARIES
---- the smallest blood vessels.
---- it is where the picks up the food
nutrients and carries it with the

oxygen as it travels around the

body. ---- it also get the waste from
the cell.
The most important job of the
circulatory system takes place in
the capillaries.

 The distribution, absorption,

assimilation of food and excretion
of waste products takes place in
the capillaries.
CAPILLARIES join together to form a
larger vessels called VENULES.
Venules connect the veins.

Other function of capillaries:

It controls the amount of heat loss
from the body.
When you are doing an activity,
capillaries in the skin expand for

the warm blood to low to the

surface of the body.
When air temperature is low,
capillaries in the skin contracts.
AS A SUMMARY:

Blood coming from the Heart flows to

blood vessels in this Order:
From ARTERIES
ARTRIOLES
CAPILLARIES
VENULES
VEINS
Back to HEART

THE BLOOD

Blood
--- the transport system of the body.
--- is the liquid component of the
cardiovascular system
--- It is called the
RED RIVER OF LIFE
Blood made up of two parts:

1. Liquid Part: called plasma

2. Solid Part: made up of blood cells
and platelets

The main function of the blood is to

transport:
a. Oxygen from the lungs to the
tissue
b. Food substances from the
digestive tract to the tissue

c. Carbon dioxide from the tissue to

the lungs
d. Antibodies to the tissue
e. Wastes and excess water from
the tissues to the kidneys
4 components of blood:

1.Plasma --- is a clear yellow fluid

which carries food and the solid part
of the blood to your body tissues.
---- It carries anti-bodies used by
the body to fight disease-causing
germs.

---- it composed of 90% water and

10% nutrients and proteins
There are three (3) types of Protein
in Plasma:
A. Albumin ---- helps keep the blood
pressure normal by regulating the
amount of water in the plasma.

B. Globulin ---- contains antibodies

which fights diseases
C. Fibrinogen --- works with
platelets in clotting process.
2.Red Blood Cells ( RBC)

--- Also called erythrocytes or red

corpuscles.
--- produced by the bone marrows
--- It contained hemoglobin
Hemoglobin--- it is the iron
and oxygen carrier of the blood

 HEMOGLOBIN and OXYGEN

combined give blood its red color
3.White Blood Cells ( WBC)
--- Also called white corpuscles or
leukocytes

--- They are called SOLDIERS OF

THE BODY for they defenses
against
infections and diseases.
There is 1 WBC for every 500 RBC
in the body

2.Platelets --- The smallest of the

blood components
--- Help in the process of
blood clotting/ control bleeding
Blood Clots are produced by the
action of platelets together with
vitamin K and Calcium

Scab --- formed from clots

Stroke --- is caused by a blood clot
inside a blood vessel within the brain
CARE OF THE CIRCULATORY SYSTEM

Common Ailments Affecting the

Circulatory System
1. Rheumatic Heart Disease

 Begin as an infection of the throat

caused by the bacterium
STREPTOCOCCUS
2. Hypertension
Also called high blood pressure

 Excessive force is exerted against

the artery wall as the heart pumps
blood.
Causes: high salt diet , heredity,
unusual stress, obesity

 The easiest way to detect

hypertension is getting the blood
pressure of a person.
SPHYGMOMANOMETER --- instrument
used to measure blood pressure.
Systolic Pressure ----the strongest or

peak force exerted

against the
artery wall when the heart
contracts to push blood.
--- The first thumping sound
heard.
Diastolic Pressure --- occurs when the

heart muscles relaxes

allowing
the blood from the veins to
flow in.
3. Low Blood Pressure
Also called HYPOTENSION

 Caused by poor diet or by some

chronic disease.
Symptoms: Terrible headache, pain on
the back of the neck
4. Heart Attack

 Blood clot along the blood stream or

blockage of the arteries
Characterized by difficulty in
breathing
Pain in the chest
Causes: Lack of Physical exercise,
stress, smoking, blood clot

5. Palpitation or Irregular heartbeat

Sudden change of Heart beat
Caused by tensions
6. Atherosclerosis
-----Narrowing of the arterial diameter
due to cholesterol and fats

Causes: Diet rich in calories and

cholesterol, sugar and salt
SCLEROSIS --- hardening of the
arteries ,

that can lead to heart

disease
Blood Related Diseases of the
Circulatory System
1.Anemia
-----Results from the deficiency of red

blood cells
-----Due to iron deficiency
Symptoms: Extreme fatigue , pale
skin,
weakness, fainting
Causes: Rapid loss or very slow
production of red blood cells

Severe deficiencies in
vitamin B12
1. Leukemia
Known as cancer of the blood
Results from overproduction of red
blood cells

Symptoms:
fever, chills,
easy bruising, tiny red spots under the
skin
2. Hemorrhagic Disease
Also known as bleeding disorders

 Not having enough platelets or

clotting factors in the blood
Symptoms: bleeding from small skin
cuts, frequent nose bleeds
ADD ON FACTS:

Dr. JORGE GARCIA --- pioneered the

HEART TRASPLANT in the Philippines on
May 28, 1994
at Makati Medical Center.
Dr. CHRISTIAAN BARNARD --- Surgeon
from south Africa who performed the

first
human heart transplant operation
He also first showed INTESTINAL
ATRESIA a congenital gap in the
small intestine, caused by an
insufficient blood supply to the fetus
during pregnancy.

LOUIS WASHKANSKY --- First who

undergone heart transplant
Heart in a Box ---- a transplantable
heart that could be stored in hospitals
until

they are
needed.
Dr. Editho G. Garcia ---- Studied the
parasitic worms SCHISTOSOMA
JAPONICUM, which cause
a disease called SCHISTOSOMIASIS

 He develop a vaccine against this

disease.