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Table of Contents
Cover Page i
Table of Contents
ii
Chapter 1
CEATs Research Thrusts and Priority Areas..1
Chapter 2
Sequence & Description of The Parts Of Research Paper3
Chapter 3
College Research Policies.11
Chapter 4
College Research Procedures13
Chapter 5
Format & Style...15
Chapter 6
Functions and Responsibilities.....19
Bibliography ...20
Samples of Format and Style ..21
2
Chapter 1
3
1.6. Instruction and Curriculum development
a) Better instructional media and instruments
b) Better teaching methods and procedures
c) More effective curricular programs
d) Instructional modules
e) Interactive instructional CDs
f) Instructors teaching guides
g) Students study guides
1.7. Conservation of Environment and Natural Resources
a) More effective systems, instruments, methods, and processes for avoiding, abating, or
controlling environmental degradation or destruction.
b) Non-destructive and more efficient methods and equipment for exploiting natural resources.
4
Chapter 2
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
title page
PROPOSAL APPROVAL
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Chapter 1 INTRODUCTION
Background of the Study
Statement of the Problem
General and Specific Problem
Significance of the Study
Assumptions of the Study
Chapter 2 REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
Chapter 3 CONCEPTUAL/THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK(Optional)
Chapter 4 MATERIALS AND METHODS
Materials, Tools, and equipment Used
Research design and Methodology
BIBLIOGRAGRAPHY
GLOSSARY OF TECHNICAL TERMS
RESEARCH WORKPLAN
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
title page
ABSTRACT
SIGNATURE PAGE
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
TABLE OF CONTENTS
LIST OF FIGURES OR TABLES
Chapter 1 INTRODUCTION
Background of the Study
Statement of the Problem
General and Specific Problem
Significance of the Study
Assumptions of the Study
Chapter 2 REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
Chapter 3 - CONCEPTUAL/THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK(Optional)
Chapter 4 MATERIALS AND METHODS
Materials, Tools, and equipment Used
Research design and Methodology
Chapter 5 RESULTSAND FINDINGS
Chapter 6 CONCLUSIONSAND RECOMMENDATIONS
BIBLIOGRAGRAPHY
GLOSSARY OF TECHNICAL TERMS
APPENDICES
5
2.1.3.
1.
2.
3.
4.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
title page
SIGNATURE PAGE
PROJECT SUMMARY
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
TABLE OF CONTENTS
LIST OF FIGURES OR TABLES
Chapter 1 INTRODUCTION
General Information
Project Type
Project Type
Beneficiaries
Proponents
Implementing Agency
Background of the Study
General and Specific Objectives
Rationale of the Study
Benefits of the Study
Assumptions of the Study
Data-Gathering Methodology
Chapter 2 TECHNICAL ASPECT
Chapter 3 FINANCIAL ASPECT
Chapter 4 ORGANIZATION AND MANAGEMENT ASPECT
Chapter 5 SOCIO-ECONOMIC IMPACTS
Chapter 6 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS
Chapter 7 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
BIBLIOGRAPHY
GLOSSARY OF TECHNICAL TERMS
APPENDICES
6
2.2. Description
2.2.1. Conventional Research Paper
Title
-
This is a distinctive name given to the study which describes the scope of the research work
in specific, clear and concise terms ([1])
The name should convey the subject matter of the study by the use of key terms ([4} p.20)
It should subsume or encompass the theme of the study as a whole ([5] p.10).
It should be short and simple yet fully explanatory ([4] p.20).
Examples:
1. Strength and stiffness of Nailed and Glued Plywood-Web Box Beams
2. Vaporizer Carburetor for Internal combustion Engines
3. Strength Groupings of Philippine Timber species for Structural Purposes
4. Utilization of Low Pressure Natural Gas Seepage
5. Floating Water Wheel Actuated Irrigation Pump
Abstract
-
Introduction
Background of the Study
- This section contains the overview of the study discussing the factors that lead to the
conceptualization of the problem ([1]).
- It is an account describing the circumstances that suggested the research ([6] p.26).
- It may include a justification of the selection or choice of the study ([6] p.26).
- It supplies sufficient background information to allow the reader to understand and evaluate
the results of the study ([2]p.32).
Statement of the Problem
- This section contains the general and specific statements of the main research problem
which the study hopes to solve or give an answer [1].
- The nature and scope of the problem must be stated precisely and clearly ([2] p.33).
- The research problem must be one that is borne out of a particular situation of need or
unresolved difficulties ([6]p.26, [5]p.23).
- The problem must be researchable, that is, it must be one that can be investigated through
the collection and analysis of data ([4]p.22).
- The problem must be original, unique, relevant, and must reflect a noteworthy contribution
to the proponents field of specialization and to the society in general ([5]p.23).
- The problem must be one in which the proponent can adequately investigate given his
current level of research skill; available resources, time, and other restrictions ([4]p.22).
- The problem can be stated in the declarative or interrogative form ([6]p.26).
7
Objectives of the Study
- This section contains the general and specific objectives of the study.
- The research objectives must address the purpose of the study, which is to solve or give an
answer to the research problem 9[3]p.121).
- The objectives must flow naturally from the problem statement, giving a specific,
concrete, and achievable goals ([3]p.121).
Significance of the Study
- This section enumerates and discussions the contributions of the study to: the country; the
national governments goals, plans, and policies; the region; the immediate community; the
sponsoring institution or agency; theory and practice; new knowledge and; the proponent
himself/herself and his/her profession ([5]p.33,[6]p.27,[1]).
- It expounds on the studys probable impact to education, science, technology, on-going
researches, etc. ([5] p.33).
Scope and Delimitation of the Study
- This section enumerates and explains the limits or the coverage, nature, and time frame of
the study, and if necessary, the reasons behind delimiting the scope of the study
([5]p.33,[6]p.27,[1]).
- It presents in brief the subject areas of investigation, the nature and number of respondents
or subjects involved, the place, the time period or school year covered, limitations on
instruments or research design and methodology, etc. ([5]p.33,[6]p.27).
Assumptions of the Study
- This section contains propositions of some occurrences or considerations that may be
considered in delimiting the area of study ([4]p.23, [1]). The propositions are based on the
researchers own intuition, experience, and observations but which is not scientifically
proven ([5]p.26).
- This section is adopted as premise to the solution or answer to the problem envisioned in the
study ([5]p.26).
Review/Survey of Related Literature and/or Studies
-
This chapter contains a review and evaluation of the literature and/or studies related to the
present study being undertaken ([4]p.20, [5]pp.35-42,[1]).
This chapter starts with a brief introduction concerning the researchers exploration of
related literature and/or studies on the research problem, and a statement of the purpose of
the review and its topical organization ([4]p.20, [5]p.35).
This chapter examines and discusses the following: how the present study is related to other
studies in its field; what are the purposes, methodologies, principal findings, conclusions,
weaknesses and strengths of the other related studies ([1], [4]p.20,[6]p.27).
The review should be logically arranged by topic or theme ([4]p.20,[5]p.35).
If no related studies were included due to non-availability, it is so stated in the introductory
part and the chapters heading is modified to Review of Related Literature only ([5]p.35).
This chapter is concluded with a summary of the important aspects of the review
([3]p.122,[6]p.27).
8
Conceptual/Theoretical Framework
-
This chapter discusses the different theories and models that provide the conceptual
underpinning or foundation of the study, or that provide the legitimate bases for defining its
parameters or limits ([1], [4]p.21).
Note however that this chapter is often not necessary for engineering related research papers
because the Review of Related Studies and Literature chapter can serve as the conceptual
framework.
The discussion is usually supported by a schematic paradigm or model (showing the theory,
indicators, and variables) that graphically portrays the theories and concepts involved
([5]p.14). This theoretical scheme is the basis for formulating the research hypothesis
([6]p.28). The variables and indicators used should be defined and placed under the
subsection Definition of Terms.
In its basic form, this chapter consists of a synthesis or a combination of various sets of
theories serving as the theoretical backbone of the study ([4]p.21).
This chapter describes (and justify if necessary) in full detail the materials and instruments
used in the study, the research design and strategy or the methods and procedures of
conducting the research, the statistical methods and treatments, place of study, experimental
environment, etc. ([2]pp.35-37,[1],[5]pp.43-49,[4]p.24).
Description of technical specifications of materials and instruments, quantities, and
procedures must be precise and accurate so that any competent researcher can repeat the
study ([2]pp.35-37).
This chapter is divided into sections with headings such as: Materials and Instruments Used;
Research design and Methods; Place of Research; Subjects of the Study; etc.
([5]p.43,[2]pp.35-37).
This chapter presents all the results, outputs and findings (whether favorable or unfavorable,
positive or negative) of the research. The chapter contains only facts and no opinions
([3]pp.677-678,[6]p.30,[2]pp.40-42,[5]pp.50-58).
For innovations, this chapter contains clear and precise description and technical
specification of the improved object or procedure.
For descriptive or Exploratory Research, this chapter contains a summary of collected
information or data usually presented in simple charts, tables, and graphs with brief and
clear descriptions ([3]pp.677-678,[6]p.30,[2]pp.40-42,[5]pp.50-58).
The discussion of results and findings, and the analyses and interpretation of data should be
objective and logical ([6]p.30).
9
-
The Recommendations are made in line with the findings, suggesting how such findings
could be applied in resolving the problem issue. It suggests specific but feasible actions. It
can also include suggestions for further research ([6]p.31,[3]p.679).
Acknowledgement
-
Appendix
-
The appendices are the places for supplementary tables or charts, copies of forms and
questionnaires, supporting documents and pictures, copies of articles and clippings of
periodicals, supplementary computer print-outs, and other materials and supporting
evidences that cannot be included in the body because of their length and details
([2]p.679,[4]p.46).
It briefly describes the project, the technical and financial aspects. It states the objective and
importance of the study, the socio-economic and environmental impacts and
recommendations
Introduction
General Information
- This section contains description of the project type, project site, projects beneficiaries,
proponents name, and projects implementing agency in brief but clear statements.
Background of the Study
- This section contains the overview of the study discussing the factors that lead to the
conceptualization of the problem ([1]).
- It is an account describing the circumstances that suggested the research ([6] p.26).
- It supplies sufficient background information to allow the reader to understand and evaluate
the results of the study ([2]p.32).
Objectives of the Study
- This section contains the general and specific objectives of the study.
- The general objective must address the main purpose of the study.
10
-
The specific objectives must be the activities to be completed to accomplish the general
objective, all of which are specific, concrete, and workable goals.
Socio-Economic Impacts
-
11
2. Estimated annual benefits (itemized and summarized) in monetary equivalent, that the
project gives to the beneficiaries and the people affected by the project.
3. Estimated annual cost or burden (if any, itemized and summarized) in monetary
equivalent, that the project brings on the beneficiaries and the people affected by the
project.
4. Effects of the project on the social and economic lives of the beneficiaries and the
people or community affected by the project.
5. What could be done to lessen the burden or unfavorable impacts (if any) of the project
on the social and economic lives of the beneficiaries and people affected.
Environmental Impacts
-
12
Chapter 3
COLLEGE RESEARCH POLICIES
3.1. Regarding Student Research Work
3.1.1. Number of Proponents Per Topic
- The maximum number of research proponents per research topic shall be four.
3.1.2. Approval of Research Topic
- The Research 01 Instructor shall approve the research topic
3.1.3. Designation of Research Adviser
- The Research 01 Instructor shall objectively designate the research advisers to his
research students.
- The designated research adviser may accept or reject the designation through the
Research Advisory Designation Letter.
3.1.4. Composition of the Research Committee
- The minimum number of the research committee shall be three, who will be composed of
a chairperson (the Research adviser acts as the Chairperson) and two members, all of
whom must be knowledgeable of the research topic.
- The Research 01 Instructor shall sit as one of the members of the panel.
- No presentation and defense shall be held if this minimum number of examiners is not
met.
3.1.5. Allowed period for Research Defense
- Research presentation and defense shall be held only within the following period: Two
weeks after the start of the semester up to the day twoweeksbefore the start of the final
examination period.
- No research presentation and defense shall be held outside this period.
3.1.6. Deadline for Submission of Approved Bound Copies of Final Research Paper
- The approved bound copies of final research paper must be submitted to the research
coordinator not later than the final examination period.
3.1.7. Conduct of Presentation and Defense
- The research proponent/s must present all drawings, tables and figures using projector
or any
media that could display them clearly and conspicuously to the research committee. Failure to
do so shall be grounds for point deductions from their defense performance.
- The research proponent/s must dress up in school uniform during the proposal defense
and in formal attire during the final defense.
- A research presentation and defense must not exceed two (2) hours except in the
proposal defense where everything has to be clarified.
3.1.8. Number of Bound Copies to be Submitted
- Two bound copies signed by the Research Committee, Department Chairman and the
College Dean must be submitted to the Research Coordinator. In the absence of the
Research Coordinator, it may be submitted to the Deans Secretary. The Research
Coordinator keeps one copy and submits the other one to the Deans Office for filing.
13
14
Chapter 4
COLLEGE RESEARCH PROCEDURES
15
4.4 Research Defense Procedure:
1. The Research Instructor shall check the approved Research Request Defense Form.No
defense shall proceed in its absence.
2. The Research Committee shall hold a pre-examination conference to determine how the
examination will be conducted. A planned order of asking question may be decided
upon.
3. The examination formally starts with the introduction of the student researchers by the
Research Adviser.
4. The student researchers shall orally present a summary of their research paper (not to
exceed 20 minutes).
5. The Research Committee shall then examine, evaluate, and rate the researchers and their
paper.
6. In the Final defense, the Research Adviser who is a member of the Panel may help
answer questions in behalf of his advisees.
7. The students/proponents note all the panelists suggestions and recommendations.
8. After the presentation and examination, the panelists will convene for a while to decide
on the final verdict.
9. In the proposal defense, the Research Committee clarifies the problem and research
methodology to be undertaken.The Research 01 Instructorsubmits a copy of the
Research Title, Statement of the Problem and the Methodology to the Research
Coordinator as reference for their final defense.
10. The panel chairperson shall announce the final decision.
11. The panelists should keep their copy of the research proposal presented for future
reference.
16
Chapter 5
FORMAT & STYLE
17
3.7 Size and Kind of Paper
Size of paper ------- 8 x 11 (short)
Kind of paper ------- White bond paper
3.8 Binding Style and Color of the Cover & Its Inscriptions
Binding style: Soft Bound (for student research manuscript)
Hard Bound (for faculty research manuscript)
Cover color: Maroon
Cover inscriptions color: Gold
Note:
- Proposals or manuscripts that are still to be presented and defended should not be bound
but should be placed in short folders secured by a sliding side clips or fasteners
- The College selects one binding store to ensure uniformity.
3.9 Inscriptions on the Side of the Bound Cover
3.9.1 For Faculty Research Paper
Legend:
name of author should be inscribed in this way: Einstein, A. E.
title of research should all be inscribed in capital letters.
- if the title is very long that it will not fit even on two lines, it must be cut
by 3 dots like this: BERNARDS MODEL-BASED EXPERT
engg. field is for the acronym of the engineering field of the author: CE for the Civil
Engg., EE for Electrical Engg., ME for Mechanical Engg., PetE for
Petroleum Engg., Arch for
Architecture
PSU year: the year is the year that the research work was completed and
approved
example: PSU 2009
18
3.9.2 For Student Research Paper
Legend:
title of research should be inscribed in capital letters.
- if the title is very long that it will not fit on the space provided, it must be cut by
3 dots like this: BERNARDS MODEL-BASED EXPERT
engg. field is for the acronym of the engineering field of the author: CE for the Civil
Engg., EE for Electrical Engg., ME for Mechanical Engg., PetE for
Petroleum Engg.,
Arch for Architecture
year: is the year that the research work was completed and approved
Example: 2009
19
3.11.2 Citing more than one source
Example:
1. end of sentence ([8] p.471; [13] pp.94-102; [2] pp.5-11, 27)
20
Chapter 6
FUNCTIONS AND RESPONSIBILITIES
6.1 Undergraduate Research Adviser
1. Guides and monitors the activities his/her advisees in the preparation of their research
documents, in the conduct of the research work, and in the write-up of the results ([9]
p.4).
2. Checks the research paper (proposal and final manuscript) for any errors and
mistakes in content, spelling and grammar.
3. Recommends to the College of Dean the oral presentation and defense of the
research through the research defense request form.
4. Stands as chairman of the panel of examiners/thesis committee during the oral
defense.
5. Rates his/her advisees and gives the grades to the instructor who handles the
subject where his/her advisees research paper is required.
6.2 Thesis Committee/Panel of Examiners
1. Evaluates the research paper and examines the research proponent/s during the
oral defense.
2. Offers suggestions to the proponent/s as to how to improve the paper.
3. Rates the proponent/s paper and performance during the oral defense through
the Defense Rating Sheet.
4. Approves the paper through the attached Approval Sheet for the Research
Proposal and the Signature Page for the final research.
6.3 College Research Coordinator
1. Coordinates the research activities of the colleges faculty and students.
2. Initiates the formulation of the research plans for the college.
3. Assists the college dean in implementing and evaluating the research plan.
4. Initiates the formulation of policies, guidelines, and mechanisms pertaining to
the management of the colleges research activities and assists the college dean
in implementing the same.
5. Assist the college dean in enhancing the research competencies of the faculty.
6. Acts as the Secretary of the College Research Council.
7. Submits reports on research activities at the end of every semester.
21
BIBLIOGRAPHY
CHED MEMORANDUM
[1]
BOOKS
[2]
Day, Robert A., How to Write and Publish a Scientific Paper, 3 rd edition, Oryx Press,
Phoenix, NY, 1988.
[3]
Emory, William C. and Donald R. Cooper, Business Research Methods, 4 th edition, Irwin,
Boston, MA, 1991
[4]
Fraenkel, J. R. and Wallen, N. E., How to Design and Evaluate Research In Education, 2nd
edition, McGraw-Hill, Inc., SF, USA, 1993.
[5]
[6]
Manese, Vicente F. and Azucena J. Zulueta, Essentials of Technical English, Merriam &
Webster, Inc., Sampaloc, MM, 1987.
[7]
Sanchez, Luz B., Developing and Evaluating a Research Proposal, Masters Thesis and
Doctoral Dissertation, Phil. Assn. for Graduate Education, Inc., 1986.
[8]
Ulrich, Karl T. and Steven D. Eppinger, Product Design and Development, 2 nd edition,
McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., Boston, MA, 2000.
HANDBOOK
[9]
CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS
[10]
OTHERS
[11]
Faculty & Academic Staff Performance Efficiency Rating Form, Palawan State University,
2003.
by
FREDERICK W. TAYLOR
HENRY L. GANTT
November 2010
Inverted
Pyramid
22
by
FREDERICK W. TAYLOR
HENRY L. GANTT
November 2010
Inverted
Pyramid
23
24
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
List of Figures
viii
List of Tables
xi
Chapter 1 Introduction
22
77
95
Appendices
99
79
92
25
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure
Page
1.1.1. A portion of the Taxonomy of Project Selection Problems
4
3.5.1. Flowchart of the Program INTRFC00
3.5.2. The Installation Batch File
33
3.5.3. ..
27
26
LIST OF TABLES
Table
Page
2.1.
5
3.5.1
28
3.7.2
34
27
28
Chapter 1
INTRODUCTION
Figure 1.1.1. General Structure of the System (write source if the figure is just a copy)
.
.
.
Figure 1.1.2. The Mathematical Model of.(write source if the model is just a copy)
Spc=
.
.
.
Ho
1 + eo
29
Specific:
1. To..
2. To
.
.
.
30
Chapter 2
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES
This chapter reviews the .
31
Form 2.1
_____________________
_____________________
Noted by:
Approved: __________________________
Dean
32
APPROVAL SHEET
(for proposal only)
(Printed Name),(Degree)
(Research Reader)
Date: _____________________
33
SIGNATURE PAGE
(for final copy)
This
is
to
certify
that
this
Technical
Research
entitled,
_________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
and submitted by (Name of Candidate) to fulfill part of the requirements for the degree of
(Bachelor of Science) in (Discipline) was successfully defended and approved on (Date).
(Printed Name),
(Degree)
(Research Reader)
(Research Reader)
34
ABSTRACT
JoemarGaudiano, Bembol S. Magbanua, Bamboo Charcoal Plywood as AirConditioned Room Air Neutralizer Undegraduate Technical Research. Bachelor of Science
in Civil Engineering.