7.11 Water is fed to a steam boiler at 40 bar and 75 0C.

In the boiler, this water is

heated and converted to steam at 40 bar. This steam is not quite dry, its quality
being 99,5%. This nearly saturated steam is next passed to a superheater where
it is given 100 0C superheat at constant pressure. Per 1000 kg steam, calculate
the KJ required (a) to produce the 99,5% quality steam ; (b) to provide the
superheat.
H2O(l)
40 bar
75 0C
hitung : a). Q1
b). Q2

Steam
boiler

Steam (v)
40 bar
x = 0,995

3
superheate
r

Superheated
40 bar
100 0C

m = 1000 kg

steam boiler pada 40 bar dan 75 0C

H1 = HL = 1087,4 kJ/kg
Hv = 2800,3 kJ/kg
H2 = Hv . x + HL (1 - x)
H2 = 2800,3 . 0,995 + 1087,4 (1 - 0,995)
H2 = 2791,74 kJ/kg
Q1 = m (H2 - H1)
= 1000 (2791,74 - 1087,4)
= 1,704 . 106 kJ
Superheater pada 40 bar 100 0C (superheated)
H3 = 422 kJ/kg
Q2 = m (H3 - H2)
= 1000 kg (422 kJ/kg - 2791,74 kJ/kg)
= - 2369,740 kJ
7.12 Five kilograms wet steam at 5 bar is found to have an enthalpy of 10.000 kJ
relative to liquid water at 5 bar and 50 0C. Calculate the qualiy of the steam and
the total volume occupied by the steam.
Answer :
dik : p = 5 bar dan T = 50 0C
dari tabel
T saturated max = 150,0 0C artinya liquid dan steam dalam
kondisi saturated
H = 10000 kJ
m = 5 kg
H
10000
H= m =
= 2000 kJ
5
(H2 - H(Tr)) = (H2 - H(1 atm)) - (H (Tr) - H (1 atm))
= 2000 - (-269,7)
= 2269,7 kJ/kg

VL = 0,00109 m3/kg
Vv = 0,375 m3/kg

Dari tabel

HL = 640,1 kJ/kg
Hv = 2745,5 kj/kg
Maka, mencari quality steam :
Hmix = Hv . x + HL (1 - x)
2269,6 = 2745,5 . x + 640,1 (1 - x)
2269,6 = 2105,4x + 640,1
2105,4x = 1629,6
x = 0,7740

artinya campuran tersebu terdiri dari 77,4 % vapor dan 22,6 % liquid
Vmix = Vv . x + VL (1 - x)
= 0,375 . 0,7440 + 0,00109 (1 - 0,7740)
= 0,2793 m3/kg
7.13 The contens of a tank containing 1 kg steam at 600 0C and 150 bar are
allowed to flow into an evacuated tank of equal capacity until the pressure in
both tanls is the same (Figure P7.13). The process takes place isothermally.
a) Calculate the final temperatur and pressure in the combined tank system
b) Calculate the heat which must be supplied to allow the process to be
isothermal.

Tank 1

Tank 2

m = 1 kg steam
T1 = 600 0C
P1 = 150 bar
dit : a) hitung p1 dan T1
b) hitung Q
a) karena proses terjadi secara isotermal maka suhu tetap, yaitu 600 0C
Vakhir =

V 1 +V 2
2

dimana V1 = 0,0249 m3/kg (dari tabel)

0,0249+ 0
2

= 0,01245 m3/kg
V1 = 0,01245 m3/kg

antara p = 250 bar dan p = 300 bar

300250
( 0,01140,0141
)

Interpolasi : P1 = 250 +

(0,01245 - 0,0141)

P1 = 280,56
b) proses isotermal
Q = U + W

W = P V

Q = 280,56 bar . 0,01245 m3/kg . 100 kPa/bar

Q = 349,3 kPa.m3
Q = 349,3 kJ
7.14 Ten kilograms steam at 500 bar is expanded at constant pressure until its
volume increas to seven times its initial volume of 0,01 m3.
a) Determine the initial and final temperature using the steam tables
b) Calculate the heat which must be supplied to carry out the process
dik : m = 10 kg steam
p = 500 bar
proses isobarik P1 = P2
V2 = 7V1
V1 = 0,01 m3
dit : a) hitung T1 dan T2
b) hitung Q
3
0,01m
a) V1 = 10 kg
= 0,001 m3/kg
T1 = 75 0C (dari tabel)
V2 = 7V1 = 0,007 m3/kg

T2 = 650 0C (dari tabel)

b) Q = m (H2 - H1)
= 10 kg (3439 - 354,2) kJ/kg
= 30848 kJ
w = dv = p (V - V )
2

= 500 bar . 101,3 kJ/m3 (0,007 - 0,001) m3/kg . 10 kg

= 3039 kJ
U = m (U2 - U1)
= 10 kg (3091 - 304) kJ/kg
= 27870 kJ
Q = U + w = 27870 + 3039 = 30909 kJ
7.15 One kilogram steam at 5 bar and 400 0C is compressed isothermally to 100
bar

a) Prepare a plot of P vs V for this process and integrate graphically to

obtain the work performed in carrying out the compression (W = -

P dV

).

b) Calculate the heat which must be removed to maintain a constant

temperature during this process.