Polynomial RBF - Based Meshless Method For Vibration Analysis of FGM Plate

IPASJ International Journal of Mechanical Engineering (IIJME)
Web Site: http://www.ipasj.org/IIJME/IIJME.htm

Email: editoriijme@ipasj.org
ISSN 2321-6441
A Publisher for Research Motivation........
Volume 4, Issue 2, February 2016
Polynomial RBF- based meshless method for

vibration analysis of FGM plate
Rahul Kumar 1, Manoj Kumar Solanki2 , Kumari Shipra Suman1, Jeeoot Singh1*
1
Department of Mechanical Engineering, B.I.T., Mesra, Ranchi
Department of Mechanical Engineering,,K.E.C,Ghaziabad, U.P

*Corresponding Author
Abstract
In this study, the four transverse shear functions are carried out for the analysis of vibration response of functionally graded
material subjected to uniformly distribute transverse load with polynomial RBF. The governing equations are based on the
higher order shear deformation theory and Hamilton principle. Simply supported boundary conditions are implemented. It is
found that the present meshless method can accurately analyze for the effect of the volume fraction exponent, side to thickness
ratio and effects of vibration on modes of FGM plate.
Keywords: FGM, plates, Meshless method, RBF, Vibration.
1. INTRODUCTION.
FGM is the non homogenous composite structure material knows for their high strength-to-weight and savings of both
cost and weight. . Due to continuously changing the volume fraction of the structures, material reduces thermal
stresses, residual stresses and stress concentration factors exist in FGMs plates. FGMs are made of two or more
constituent phases with a continuous variation of material properties from one layer to another layer. In last few
decades, FGM plates attracted researchers for analysis purpose and for the analyzing of plates many theories developed.
By applying CPT Kiani et al. [1] lighted on analytical solutions for the critical buckling temperature of FG clamped
plates resting on an elastic foundation under three different types of thermal loadings.The CPT with von Karma
assumptions for vibration and stability analyses of FG plates excitation introduced by Hu and Zhang [2]. Mindlin [3]
developed the FSDT for the rotatory inertia and shear on flexural motions of isotropic plates. Ganapathi et al. [4]
lighted on the buckling of FG skew plates under compressive load applying FSDT and finite element method. Zhao et
al. [5,6], used the FSDT to given light upon a meshless model with the help of the element-free kp-Ritz method for
FG shells and plates. Meshless method with (RBFs) lighted by Roque et al. [7] applying FSDT for transient response of
FG plates and shells. JN Reddy [8] developed the TSDT which satisfies the zero-traction boundary conditions on the
upper layers and lower layers of a plate for laminated composite plate which employees for the flexure analysis. The
quasi-3D theory for the thermal buckling of FG plates based on polynomial function based-models developed by
Matsunaga[9]. The free vibration and buckling of FG plates under a pure bending stress based on a higher-order
deformation theory lighted by Chen et al. [10].The first non-polynomial exponential function was first introduce by
Karama et al. [11]. By using non-polynomial functions Zenkour [12] introduced the sinusoidal function to develop a
quasi-3D theory for FG rectangular plates. Exact solutions for FG and laminated composite plates employed by Mian
and Spencer [13]. The free vibration analysis of isotropic and sandwich functionally graded plates was employed by
Neves et al. [14] based on meshless technique and a quasi-3D higher-order shear deformation theory.
2. MATHEMATICAL FORMULATION
A rectangular shape plate of edge length a, b along x, y axes respectively and thickness h is the thickness along z axis
whose mid plane is coinciding with x-y plane of the coordinate system is considered. The diagram of rectangular
shaped functionally graded material (FGM) plate in rectangular coordinate system is shown in Figure 1.
The homogenization technique considered in this work is the law of mixtures, which provides the following elastic
properties at each material layer. The top surface of the plate is ceramic rich and the bottom surface is metal rich.
2z h
Vc ( z )
2h
(1)
where n is exponent governing the material properties along the thickness direction known as volume fraction exponent
or grading index,
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ISSN 2321-6441

The volume fraction of the metal phase is obtained by
Vm ( z ) 1 Vc ( z )
(2)
The material property gradation through the thickness of the plate is assumed to have the following form
n
2z h
E ( z ) Ec E m
Em
2h
2z h
( z ) c m
m
2h
,
(3)
Fig 1. Geometry of rectangular FGM plate in rectangular coordinate system

Here E and
denote the modulus of elasticity and density of FGM structure, while these parameters come with
subscript m or c represent the material properties for pure metal and pure ceramic plate respectively., h is the thickness
of the plate, Em and Ec are the corresponding Youngs modulus of elasticity of metal and ceramic and z is the thickness
coordinate.
The displacement field at any point in the plate is expressed as Singh and Shukla [15]:
w0 ( x, y )
f (z) x ( x, y )
x
w ( x, y )
V v0 ( x, y ) z 0
f (z) y ( x, y )
y
U u0 ( x, y ) z
W w0 x, y
(4)
Where, transverse shear function f (z)
is as under.
f (z)
Notation
The1
Proposed/Used by
Soldatos [16]
2
h
h .sin h z z.co sh 1 z
h
2
asinh r z 2.z.r
h h r^2 4
z.cosh 1 h.sinh z
The2
The3
Bessaim et al. [17]

Grover et al. [18]
3
h.sinh z 4z2 cosh 1
The4
Zenkour [19]
3h
The governing differential equations of plate are obtained using Hamiltons principle and expressed as Singh et al.
[20]:
N xx N xy
2 u0
3w 0
2 x
I0
I
1
3
x
y
2
x 2
2
N xy
x
N yy
I0
My
y
(5)
2y
v0
w0
I1
I3
2
y 2
2
Mx
2.
M xy
x y
I0
w0
t
(6)
3
u
v
I1
x 2 y 2
f
M fxx M xy
2u
3w0
2 x
Qfx I 3 20 I 4
I
5
x
y
x 2
2
w
w
I 2
2
2
y 2 2
I 4
2
y 2
x
3
(7)
(8)
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ISSN 2321-6441

M fxy
x
M fyy
y
Qfy I3
2 y
2v0
3w 0
I
4
5
2
y2
2
(9)
The force and moment resultants in the plate and plate stiffness coefficients are expressed as Singh and Shukla [21]:
h/2
N ij , M ij , M ijf
( i j , zi j , f (z)i j ) dz
h/2
(10)
h/2
Q fx , Q fy
f
yz dz
z
xz ,
h/2
(10)
c m 2z h
Qijm 1, z, z2 , f (z), z f (z), f 2 (z) dz

Qij Qij
2h
h/2
i, j = 1, 2, 6
h/2
Aij , Bij , Dij , Eij , Fij , Hij
h/2
n
c
m 2z h
m
Aij
Qij Qij
Qij
2
h
h/ 2
(11)
f z
dz
i, j = 4, 5
(12)
h2
I0 , I1, I2 , I3 , I4 , I5 (z) 1, z, z2 , f z , zf z , f 2 z dz
h1
(13)
The boundary conditions for an arbitrary edge with simply supported conditions are as follows:
x 0, a : v 0; y 0; w 0; M xx 0; N xx 0
y 0, b : u 0;x 0; w 0; M yy 0; N yy 0
(14)
3. SOLUTION METHODOLOGY
The governing differential equations (5-9) are expressed in terms of displacement functions. Radial basis function
based formulation works on the principle of interpolation of scattered data over entire domain. A 2D rectangular
domain having NB boundary nodes and ND interior nodes is shown in Figure-2.
1
Interior Domain Nodes (NI)
Boundary Nodes(NB)
0.9
0.8
0.7
0.6
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
Fig 2. An arbitrary two dimensional domains

The variable u0 , v0 , w0 , x and y can be interpolated in form of radial distance between nodes. The solution of the
linear governing differential equations (5-9) is assumed in terms of polynomial radial basis function for nodes 1:N, as;
N
u0 , vo , wo , x , y
x
u
v
w
j , j , j , j
, j y ) g X X j , m
j 1
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ISSN 2321-6441
Where, N is total numbers of nodes which is equal to summation of boundary nodes NB and domain interior nodes ND.
g X X j , m is polynomial radial basis function expressed as g r m , j , j , j , j x , j y
X Xj
are unknown coefficients.
is the radial distance between two nodes.
Where, r X X j
x x j y y j
and m is shape parameter. The value of 'm' taken here is 5. Polynomial
radial basis function becomes singular, when r = 0 i.e. for zero distance. In order to eliminate the singularity, an
infinitesimally small value is added into the r2 or zero distance. Mathematically it is explained as; r 2 r 2 2 , when
r = 0 or i = j; 2 is small numerical value of the order 10-10.
Free Vibration Analysis, t The discretized governing equations for vibration analysis can be written as:
[ K ]L
[ M ]
2
5 N 1 0
0 5 N 5 N
[ K ]B 5 N 5 N
or ([K] + [M]){}=0
Using standard eigen value solver for equation (16) , the frequency is calculated as:
[V,D] = eig([K], [M]);
frequency () = D
(15)
(16)
(17)
4. NUMERICAL RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS:

In order to demonstrate the accuracy and applicability of present formulation, a RBF based meshless code in MATLAB
is developed following the analysis procedure as discussed above. Several examples have been analyzed and the
computed results are compared with the published results. Based on convergence study, a 77 node is used throughout
the study. The material properties of FGMs have been taken as follows:
Ceramic Ec 380 GPa, c 0.3, c 3800 , Aluminum (Al) Em 70 GPa,
m 0.3,
m 2702 a 2 c
The dimensionless natural frequency parameter is defined as:

h Ec
(1/2)
5.0
4.8
4.6
4.4
4.2
4.0
3.8
The
2
The
3
The
4
The
3.6
3.4
3.2
3.0
2.8
2.6
3x3
4x4
5x5
6x6
7x7
8x8
--
Number of Nodes
Fig. 3 Convergence study for free vibrations of simply supported FGM plate (a/h = 10)
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ISSN 2321-6441
Table 1 Effect of span to thickness ration on fundamental of a square FGM plate

'n'
Abdelkader
et al [22]
Hosseini
et al
[23]
Zhao et
al [24]
Present
Theory
4.8209
4.3474
3.9474
3.7218
10
4.8676
4.4127
4.0299
3.7829
a/h
0.5
1
2
5
10
4.9000
4.4166
4.0057
3.7660
4.9207
4.4545
4.0063
3.7837
20
4.9804
4.5148
4.1292
3.8987
30
5.0020
4.5338
4.1477
3.92102
40
5.0094
4.5405
4.1542
3.9287
50
5.0129
4.5436
4.1572
3.9323
100
5.0282
4.5478
4.1584
3.9372
In order to show the accuracy and efficiency of the present solution methodology, detailed convergence studies for
simply supported isotropic plate (a/h=10) is carried out. The convergences of the frequency parameters for different
theories are shown in Fig. 3. It can be seen that convergence all the theories are achieved within 1 % at 77 nodes.
Table 1 lists the fundamental frequency parameter of square FGM plates for different values of the span to thickness
ratios (a/h = 10 and 20) and with various ceramic volume fraction exponent n. The results are compared with the
results due to Abdelkader et al [22], Hosseini et al [23] and Zhao et al [24]. It is clear that the results are in good
agreement with available results and the maximum discrepancy is less than 1%. The results are depicted in Fig. 4 and
Fig. 5 to see the nature. It can be seen that effect of span to thickness ratio decreases for a/h 30.
5.0
'n'=0.5
'n'=1
'n'=2
'n'=5
'n'=10
4.8
4.6
4.4
4.2
4.0
3.8
3.6
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
a/h
Fig 4. Effect of span to thickness ration on fundamental of a square FGM plate

5.2
5.0
4.8
a/h=10
a/h=20
a/h=30
a/h=40
a/h=50
a/h=100
4.6
4.4
4.2
4.0
3.8
3.6
0
10
11
'n'
Fig 5. Effect of grading index 'n' on fundamental of a square FGM plate

Fig 5. shows that effect of grading index 'n' is prominent for lesser values of 'n' and decreases as 'n' increases.
Table 2 shows the results for all 8 modes of frequency parameter.
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ISSN 2321-6441
Further, to compare different theories taken here, results are obtained at a/h=10 and grading index 'n'=2. The results
obtained are shown in Table 3 and same is depicted in Fig. 6 for better comparison. It is observed that effect is more
visible for thick plates while it nullifies as plate becomes thinner.
Table 2 Effect of span to thickness ration on of a square FGM plate for 8 modes
'n'
a/h=10
a/h=100
Modes
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
0.5
1
4.8824
12.5170
12.5170
17.0882
17.0882
21.8285
22.4579
24.2860
5.0177
13.3467
13.3467
23.8517
25.0845
26.9725
41.0416
41.0416
2
4.4280
11.4146
11.4146
15.8468
15.8468
20.0568
20.6050
22.3912
4.5479
12.1505
12.1505
21.8631
22.9430
24.8947
37.9169
37.9169
5
4.0487
10.4734
10.4734
14.3186
14.3186
18.5323
18.9868
20.6481
4.1614
11.1672
11.1672
20.2385
21.1883
23.1878
35.3829
35.3829
10
3.8145
9.8070
9.8070
12.3590
12.3590
17.2735
17.6551
18.6423
3.9375
10.5497
10.5497
19.0713
19.9816
21.8053
33.2486
33.2486
3.6629
9.3440
9.3440
11.2600
11.2600
16.3123
16.6780
17.2360
3.7901
10.1095
10.1095
18.1462
19.0555
20.6145
31.3827
31.3827
Table 3 Comparison of different theories for fundamental of a square FGM plate (a/h=10, 'n'=2)
a/h
10
20
30
40
50
100
Theories
The1
4.0299
4.1292
4.1477
4.1542
4.1572
4.1584
The2
4.0487
4.1333
4.1496
4.1553
4.1579
4.1614
The3
4.0305
4.1291
4.1477
4.1542
4.1572
4.1613
The4
4.0330
4.1293
4.1477
4.1542
4.1572
4.1613
Fig 6. Comparison of different theories for fundamental of a square FGM plate (a/h=10, 'n'=2)
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ISSN 2321-6441
5. CONCLUSION
Free vibration response of functionally graded material plate (FGM) is presented using different shear deformation
theories. . It is observed that effect on frequency parameter is more visible for thick plates while it nullifies as plate
becomes thinner for different theories. The effect of span to thickness ratio decreases for a/h 30. The effect of grading
index 'n' is prominent for lesser values of 'n' and decreases as 'n' increases
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[22] Abdelkader Benachour et al. A four variable refined plate theory for free vibrations of functionally graded
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AUTHOR
Jeeoot Singh, graduated in Mechanical Engineering from MNREC, Allahabad in 1999, M.Tech from IIT
Delhi in 2001 and PhD from MNNIT Allahabad in 2012. Presently working as Associate Professor in BIT
Mesra, Ranchi and carrying out his research in field of Computational Mechanics and Meshfree Methods.
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IPASJ International Journal of Mechanical Engineering (IIJME)

Web Site: http://www.ipasj.org/IIJME/IIJME.htm

A Publisher for Research Motivation........

Volume 4, Issue 2, February 2016