QUESTIONS FOR INTRODUCTION OF PHARMACOLOGY-1

1. Pharmacology
The study of drugs (substances that produce changes in the body)?
The study of drugs and their actions on living systems
Pharmacology is the study of how drugs exert their effects on living systems
2. Textbooks of pharmacology
H.P. Rang; M.M. Dale; J.M.Ritter; R.J.Flower Rang and Dale's Pharmacology 2012 Elsevier
Churchill Livingstone
Edited by: Rang & Dale Pharmacology 2012 Elsevier Churchill Livingstone
Karzung, Bertram G; Masters, Susan B; Trevor, Anthony J Basic & Clinical Pharmacology 2012
McGray Hill lange
Mary K.Asperheim;Justin Favaro Introduction to Pharmacology 2012 Elsevier Sounder
Ed: , Bertram G; Trevor, Anthony J Basic & Clinical Pharmacology 2015 Mc Graw Hill
Education
Ed:Karen Whalen Pharmacology. lippincot's illustrated reviews 2015 Wolters Kluwer
Ed:Laurence L.Brunton Goodman&Gilman's The Pharmacological basis of Therapeutics
2011 McGraw- Hill Medical
3. Morphine isolation
In the early 19th century morphine was isolated from the opium poppy
Who is isolated morphine from the opium poppy? Sertrner
To prove that this isolate had the same effects as the opium from which it came Sertrner
ran experimental tests on both he himself and three young boys
Because Sertrner likewise experienced a dream-like state while under the influence, he
named the compound
Morphium, after Morpheus, the Greek god of dreams
4. Neuromuscular junction
Claude Bernard discovered that the mechanism of action of arrow poison curare.
The demonstration that curare specifically blocks motor nerve endings
5. Receptor and chemotherapy
Paul Ehrlich postulated the existence of receptors and later chemotherapy,
6. Founder of pharmacology
Who is generally recognized as the founder of modern pharmacology
Founder of USA
Who is father of American Pharmacology
7. Divisions of Pharmacology:
Pharmacodynamics
Pharmacokinetics
Pharmacotherapeutics
Clinical pharmacology
Pharmacogenomics
Pharmacoeconomics
Pharmacoepidemiology

QUESTIONS FOR INTRODUCTION OF PHARMACOLOGY-2

Pharmacokinetics
Absorption
Distribution
Metabolism
Elimination
Pharmacodynamics
Drug-Receptor Interactions
Binding to receptors
Dose-Response relationships
Signal Transduction
of action,
Enyzme inhibition
Drugs
can be defined as chemical agents that interact with specific target molecules in the body,
thereby producing a biological effect.
Drug Sources
Plants morphine, atropine
Animal insulin- bovine pancreas
Minerals Fe, iodine, NaHCO3, CaCl,
Synthesis lidocaine, valium
Microorganism PCN, streptomycin
Drugs are used in the prevention, diagnosis, treatment or cure of disease in man or
other animals.
Effects of drugs:
Dose dependent,
selective,
reversible,
transient
Dose
is applied to the quantity of a drug for therapeutic purposes
Dosage
Is the size of each dose
determines the strength of the effect of drug and duration of the therapeutic effects of
medical treatments
Principles of therapy
Curative (radical) Penicillin - infection
Symtomatic Lisinopril - hypertension
Preventive Quinine - malaria
Adjuvant therapy

Palliative therapy
The principles of the rational therapeutics:
Right drug
Right dose
Right time
Right route
Right patient
Right cost
Right documentation
Paradigms of Clinical Pharmacology
The most appropriate drug
To the right patient
In an optimal dose schedule
At a reasonable cost